Just now, Tesla official website released the report on driving safety in the second quarter of 2024, and the Autopilot automatic assisted driving system made the driving safety level once again exceed Tesla’s previously set goal of "10 times safer than ordinary driving"!

According to the report, combined with the statistics of National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Tesla, in the second quarter of 2024, in the United States, under normal driving conditions, vehicles will travel about 670,000 miles (about 1.08 million kilometers). A traffic accident will occur; Tesla vehicles without Autopilot automatic assisted driving function have one traffic accident every 1.45 million miles (about 2.33 million kilometers), while Tesla vehicles with Autopilot automatic assisted driving function have one traffic accident every 6.88 million miles (about 11.07 million kilometers). This means that in the second quarter, Tesla Autopilot’s automatic assisted driving function made driving safety 10.3 times that of ordinary driving.

Tesla’s driving safety is 10.3 times that of ordinary vehicles, and the accumulated mileage of FSD exceeds 1.6 billion miles.

In the "Chapter 2 of the Secret Grand Plan" released in 2016, Musk proposed the goal of making automatic assisted driving 10 times safer than ordinary vehicles. Tesla surpassed this goal for the first time in the first quarter of 2024, reaching 11.4 times safety, and the figure of 10.3 times in the second quarter still reached the goal. The accident rate of all vehicles on the road may be different in each quarter, and it will be affected by seasonal factors, such as reduced sunshine time and bad weather conditions.

Since September 2014, all vehicles produced by Tesla have been equipped with active safety function as standard, which provides safety guarantee beyond the physical structure for each vehicle. Tesla makes full use of the real driving data of its global fleet of billions of miles, constantly optimizes the algorithm of automatic assisted driving, improves driving experience and driving safety, and helps drivers to reduce or avoid accidents.

Through OTA remote software update, Tesla can continuously upgrade the latest version of safety features and enhancements for the vehicle after delivery, ensuring that the vehicle always maintains the most advanced safety performance.

Up to now, the cumulative mileage of Tesla’s fully automatic driving ability FSD has exceeded 1.6 billion miles. With the continuous accumulation of mileage, its safety will be greatly improved.

Tesla released safety reports for 24 consecutive quarters, reflecting product confidence and corporate responsibility.

Safety is the primary consideration for Tesla to build a car. Tesla has been releasing quarterly traffic safety data since October 2018, and it has been released for 24 consecutive quarters. Behind this insistence is Tesla’s confidence in the pure visual autonomous driving technology route. Not only that, since July 2019, Tesla has also voluntarily released an annual report on vehicle fire accidents. The data shows that the probability of vehicle fire is only 1/8 of that of ordinary vehicles. This data includes artificial arson and building fire.

Tesla’s design concept always revolves around how to improve the safety of vehicles and make every effort to build the safest car in the world. Tesla is convinced that through the unique combination of passive safety, active safety and automatic driving assistance, it can provide the highest level of safety guarantee for Tesla drivers and all drivers on the road.

On the basis of strong active safety capability, Tesla has made great efforts in passive safety, making all models become five-star players in various safety tests around the world.

In a series of recent accidents, Tesla’s powerful passive safety capability has protected the safety of drivers and passengers in times of crisis: a large truck was seriously rear-ended on Shenhai Expressway, and the passenger compartment remained intact, and the owner was unscathed; Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province suffered from typhoon weather, and the super thick branches slammed into the driving Tesla, and its glass roof firmly withstood the heavy pressure, holding the "unexpected trouble" for the owner; Model Y "flies" from the bridge deck nearly 5 meters high, and the car damage is serious, but the owner is safe and sound; Model Y was hit by a pickup truck at a speed of 90 km/h and was knocked off the road. The owner was able to leave the vehicle by himself and leave safely. In this kind of real case, the friendship between the owner and Tesla’s "life" constantly proves Tesla’s super rigid body.

Behind Tesla’s ability to create safety miracles again and again, the unique "rigid and flexible" cage body structure has contributed greatly, which gives the vehicle a very high impact resistance. The so-called cage body, that is, the passenger cabin is designed as a birdcage-like structure, which can effectively absorb and disperse the impact force during collision by mixing and connecting various high-strength materials, providing strong safety protection for the passengers in the car. Tesla considered multiple collision paths at the beginning of the design, and repeatedly verified and tested by computer engineering simulation technology to ensure that the body structure can effectively prevent the impact force from invading the passenger compartment.

In order to achieve this goal, Tesla strives for perfection in body structure, materials and technology. The body-in-white structure is made of steel and aluminum mixed metal, which not only gives consideration to lightweight but also ensures safety. At the same time, Tesla has also introduced the world’s leading vehicle welding technology in body technology, and the yield strength of connecting screws is as high as 1490 MPa, far exceeding the 1290 MPa standard generally adopted in the industry, ensuring that the joint is not easy to break during collision and adding another layer of protection for passenger safety.

Therefore, it is precisely because of Tesla’s strong passive safety capability that Tesla has obtained a five-star safety rating in the collision test of professional institutions around the world, and has obtained a very low overall injury probability rating in the US government’s new car evaluation plan, which is to protect the life safety of drivers and passengers in accidents.

In terms of battery safety, Tesla has made great efforts in the battery safety structure, designed a very unique battery pack structure, and installed the battery pack at the bottom of the vehicle, providing super rigid strength, large collision buffer and unique low center of gravity design. The ultra-high strength of Tesla battery pack means that it rarely suffers serious damage in accidents. Even in the case of extremely unlikely fire, the advanced design of battery pack can ensure its safe and normal work, isolate the fire in a specific area in the battery pack, and quickly dissipate heat.

Tesla’s safety, performance and intelligence have won it more than 6 million car owners around the world. Model Y became the global passenger car sales champion in 2023, completing the historic transcendence of pure trams over fuel vehicles. With the technical progress of fully automatic driving ability FSD and the continuous accumulation of mileage, Tesla owners will enjoy a safer and silky driving experience.

　　Statistics released not long ago show that in the first half of this year, the cases of "two robberies" in Dongguan dropped by 55% year-on-year on the basis of the 80% decline in "cliff-breaking" last year, and the turning point of "two robberies" crimes has appeared; The city’s grid administrators found that there were more than 790,000 hidden dangers of various problems reported and promoted to be disposed of in place, effectively reducing the risk of social governance at the grassroots level and weaving a "safety net" for the grassroots. Since the special struggle to eliminate evils, the city’s public security organs have destroyed 645 gangs involved in crimes and solved 2176 cases, setting off waves of powerful offensives.

　　In recent years, Dongguan’s economic and social development has been steadily improving, and the special struggle against evil has achieved remarkable results. Safe Dongguan and rule of law Dongguan have been further promoted, social governance innovations such as "smart network project" and safe culture construction have been continuously strengthened, the business environment has been continuously optimized, and the people live and work in peace and contentment.

　　After winning the "Chang ‘an Cup" for comprehensive management of social security in 2017 and the "China Government under the Rule of Law Award" in 2018, Dongguan recently won the second place in the evaluation of comprehensive management work (safe construction) in the province in 2018, creating the best achievement for many years, and the "Intelligent Network Project" won the "Excellent Case of National Intelligent Construction of Politics and Law".

　　This city has continuously condensed the powerful driving force for the construction of a safe Dongguan and a Dongguan ruled by law, and meticulously constructed a social governance pattern of co-construction, co-governance and sharing, thus escorting the "Bay Area City and Quality Dongguan".

　　Three-dimensional public security prevention and control system to build a "safety net"

　　In July, the Dongguan Intermediate People’s Court made a final judgment on the case of Zhong Haobo and other 18 people involved in the gang, ruled to uphold the original judgment, and sentenced Zhong Haobo to 20 years in prison for organizing and leading the crime of organized crime. Other defendants were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of 14 years to one year and three months respectively. The gang signed a loan contract with high interest and double or multiple principal through routine loans, induced the victims to participate in online gambling and other ways to maliciously superimpose debts, and then illegally collected debts in various ways in an organized manner. Many of the victims were students at school.

　　At the beginning of last year’s new year, Dongguan quickly blew the horn of the special struggle to eliminate evils, and always insisted on putting the special struggle as a major political task in a prominent position in the overall work. All towns, streets and units cooperated horizontally and vertically, and the cluster attacked hard, setting off waves of powerful offensives.

　　As of the first half of this year, the city’s public security organs have destroyed 645 gangs involved in black and evil, solved 2176 cases, and seized, frozen and detained 697 million yuan of assets involved. At present, Dongguan’s special struggle against evil has entered the deep water area. Faced with the hidden modus operandi of evil forces and the weakening of violent characteristics, Dongguan has gradually expanded from traditional industries to new industries such as "routine loans" and internet finance. Dongguan has strengthened the system of situation analysis and judgment, improved the ability to discover and crack down on hidden evil forces in emerging industries, and promoted the wider expansion of special struggles.

　　"If you don’t have it, you can treat it without chaos." The key to building a safe and orderly social environment is to combine fighting with prevention and treat both the symptoms and the root causes. A three-dimensional social security prevention and control system is being accelerated in Dongguan, and a "protective net" has provided the general public with all-round and multi-level security protection.

　　"A rental house on Environmental Protection Road has an early warning for fugitives!" In July this year, after receiving the early warning notice from the "Two Standards and Four Realities" information platform, shatian town Public Security Bureau quickly dispatched police forces and successfully arrested a fugitive suspect suspected of dangerous driving in the rental house. Dongguan’s "Two Standards and Four Realities" information platform displays the information of population, units and facilities on a working map, which realizes the visualization of the basic elements of social governance and the correlation between the basic elements of social governance, and provides it to all departments through the sharing management platform of municipal government information resources, realizing "more data running and less people running errands".

　　Dongguan Tieqi, established in June last year, currently has 1,251 riding "Iron Army", college entrance examination safety protection test, rainstorm emergency rescue, rescuing critical patients, helping lost old people, finding lost children, and pushing carts to divert traffic … … No matter whether the sun is burning or the rain is washing away, a touch of beautiful fluorescent green appears in the front line of serving the people. In the first seven months of this year, the city’s iron riders handled a total of 37,013 traffic accidents, completed 4,664 good deeds, arrested 1,286 suspects, assisted in solving 427 cases, diverted 38,249 traffic, and handled 3,734 emergency cases, which became a business card to show the elegance of safe Dongguan.

　　Dongguan Public Security Bureau has also taken cracking down on the "two robberies" which are strongly reflected by the masses as the "bull’s nose" to improve the social security environment, launched a fierce offensive of "breaking small cases", and built a "2+N+N" three-level police patrol system throughout the city, implemented "visual and flat" command and dispatch, and promoted "one-level police reception and classified police handling". Today’s Dongguan has changed from "waiting for the police to come to the door" to "looking for the police on the road", and the response speed of police work has been comprehensively improved.

　　In the first half of this year, the number of criminal cases in Dongguan increased by 4.6% year-on-year. Among them, the cases of "two robberies" continued to drop by 55% year-on-year, and the people’s sense of security and satisfaction continued to improve.

　　Everyone participates in governance and the results are shared by everyone.

　　In March this year, in a rented house in Hengquan Community, hengli town, a parked electric car suddenly spontaneously ignited, and the tenant Mr. Wang decisively picked up the fire extinguisher in the corner to put out the flames quickly, thus avoiding a fire accident. More than three months ago, Zhu Jianheng, the grid administrator of the jurisdiction, found that the rental house was not equipped with fire fighting equipment during the inspection, and immediately publicized and educated the manager Deng Ayi on fire safety. Deng Ayi immediately completed the rectification of hidden dangers, making a fire quickly save the day.

　　Scenes like grid administrators earnestly performing their duties and resolving hidden dangers occur in the streets and alleys of Dongguan every day. Since 2016, Dongguan has comprehensively promoted the construction of the "smart network project" for social service management. At present, there are nearly 10,000 full-time grid administrators in the city, shuttling through 2,894 grids in the city, and conducting daily inspections against 103 items lists and 228 key clues in 11 departments including public security, urban emergency, market supervision and environmental protection. In 2018, the city’s grid administrators found a total of 1.723 million hidden dangers of various problems, and completed the disposal of 1.672 million cases, with a disposal rate of 97%, which enabled a large number of hot and difficult issues including social governance to be solved at the grassroots level, alleviating the enormous pressure of social governance.

　　Grid management, information support, refined services, and legal guarantee, from grid administrators to command and dispatch centers to functional departments, under the guidance of "Intelligent Network Project", this seamless online and offline "data network" redefines the urban social governance system, breaks the barriers between departments, and greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of urban governance. This year, the "Intelligent Network Project" was awarded as "Excellent Case of National Intelligent Construction of Politics and Law" and "Guangdong Governance — — Governance modernization "is an excellent case of government governance innovation.

　　Since last year, based on the special market situation in which the foreign population is seriously upside down, Dongguan has innovated the grass-roots social governance model, promoted the construction of a safe culture, shifted the focus of social governance from post-attack to pre-prevention, and shifted its working style from external coercion to internal consciousness. The Guiding Opinions of Dongguan Municipality on Promoting the Construction of Safe Culture was issued. Taking the construction of safe culture in enterprises as a breakthrough, eight towns including Chang ‘an and Qingxi and 41 foreign chambers of commerce were selected as pilot units, and the Agreement on the Safe Co-construction of Maoming Migrant Workers in Dongguan was signed with the Political and Legal Committee of Maoming Municipal Committee.

　　At the beginning of this year, three co-construction projects of Ping ‘an culture were collected for the whole city and co-construction funds were provided respectively, so as to make every effort to create a bright spot for the construction of Ping ‘an culture. Various social forces, such as towns, streets, departments, enterprises, mass organizations, social organizations and the masses, actively participated in the construction of a safe culture. Through various activities, such as launching a knowledge contest on safe culture, combining new media to promote safe culture, setting up a safe culture propaganda team, creating a "safe street" and building a campus safe culture, the safe culture was widely publicized and promoted, and the value concept of "everyone is friendly and everyone is safe" was continuously deepened, thus forming a safe culture with "everyone participating and everyone being safe".

　　Dongguan has also established the People’s Mediation Committee of the Chamber of Commerce in Different Places, set up personal brand mediation studios such as Xiang Shu and Pan Xuyi, promoted the construction of an online conflict resolution platform, and constantly improved the diversified conflict resolution mechanism to ensure that "small things don’t leave the village, big things don’t leave the town, and contradictions don’t turn over".

　　Accelerate the creation of a business environment ruled by law

　　"How to prevent customers from defaulting on loans?" "Some customers find excuses to ask downstream suppliers for discounts when they pay. What should they do?" "What evidence do you need to collect when the product is copied and sold?" … … In late June, the seventh session of the Dongguan Cultural Salon of "Promoting Enterprises by Law" with the theme of "Preventing Legal Risks of Enterprise Financing" was held in Huangjiang Town, and nearly 100 entrepreneurs participated in the event. Dongguan has played an active role in creating a business environment ruled by law through a series of salon activities of "prospering enterprises by law".

　　At present, the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is in full swing, and the business environment with global competitiveness is accelerated. Experience at home and abroad shows that the degree of rule of law in a region and a city directly affects the strength of core competitiveness. The rule of law is also an important starting point for Dongguan to accelerate the shaping of a new open economic system and enhance its position in the international division of labor.

　　In the past two years, Dongguan has made all-round efforts to promote scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, fair justice, and law-abiding for the whole people. The whole city has played a chess game to coordinate and unify the work of comprehensively governing the city according to law: the Municipal Party Committee has been established and the Committee’s legislative, law enforcement, judicial and legal coordination groups have been established to strengthen the overall deployment of the city’s work of governing the city according to law; Five government regulations have been issued, as well as many local regulations such as the Regulations on the Protection of Drinking Water Source Water Quality in Dongguan, the Regulations on the Promotion and Protection of Ecological Civilization Construction in Dongguan and the Regulations on the Management of Public Security and Fire Safety in Rental Houses in Dongguan, which not only achieved a breakthrough in substantive law in Dongguan, but also made comprehensive efforts in environmental governance, social management, property rights protection, solving implementation difficulties and promoting the reform of the judicial system, and achieved solid results.

　　"The statutory duty must be, and the law cannot be authorized", which is the fundamental requirement of administration according to law. Dongguan fully implements the legal consultant system and the lawyer system of public lawyers. At present, the municipal party committees, governments and state-owned enterprises have achieved 100% full coverage of legal advisers. In recent years, Dongguan has been among the best in the assessment of Guangdong ruled by law. In 2018, the National Institute of Development and Strategy of Renmin University of China released the "Ranking of Political and Business Relations in China Cities", and the health index of political and business relations in Dongguan ranked first among 285 cities in China. In the same year, the scientific market supervision system of "building one platform, three projects" — — Dongguan won the "China Government by Law Award" for deepening the reform and innovation of the commercial system.

　　The key to building Dongguan under the rule of law lies in the whole society’s belief in the law and bringing social governance into the rule of law. At present, Dongguan has built a three-level public legal service entity platform — — 1 municipal public legal service center, 32 town and street public legal service centers and 588 village (community) public legal service stations. The city has also actively promoted the "four-level co-creation" activity of rule of law construction. As of the first half of this year, 560 villages (communities) have successfully established provincial-level democratic villages (communities), ranking first in the province. Recently, Songbailang Village in Dalang Town and Dongtai Community in Dongcheng Street are impressively listed in the list of the seventh batch of "National Democracy and Rule of Law Demonstration Villages (Communities)" notified and commended by the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

　　As a frontier city of reform and opening-up, Dongguan has the largest foreign population in China, with many ideas converging and frequent economic activities — — These characteristics also determine the important value and significance of Dongguan’s social governance experience. Today, Dongguan is speeding up the period of frequent social conflicts and high security risks, and the people’s sense of gain, happiness and security is constantly enhanced. The concept of co-construction, co-governance and sharing has been integrated into every corner of the city, which has gathered great momentum for "Bay Area City and Quality Dongguan".

　　(Guo Wenjun)

　　In hot weather

　　Can soak in the water and have fun with it.

　　It is one of the few projects to relieve summer heat.

　　Although playing with water is enjoyable.

　　But if you’re not careful, you may

　　Play yourself into the hospital.

　　Doctor’s reminder

　　Pay more attention to playing with water in summer.

　　Otherwise, the end of playing with water may be dermatology

　　01

　　Return from playing with water

　　Covered with purple pustules.

　　A week ago, the 3-year-old fruit was held by her family and came to the children’s dermatology department of Hangzhou First People’s Hospital.

　　Bu Zhangyu, deputy director of dermatology in the first hospital of the city, saw the fruit after the chief physician opened his clothes.There are huge purple pustules on the body and legs. These pustules are densely packed together, which is particularly conspicuous and has a low fever.

　　According to Guoguo’s mother, she took Guoguo to a temporary building next to her home a week ago."water paradise" to play with water.

　　Soon after I got home, I found some red pimples on my legs. I didn’t take them seriously at first, so I put on some calamine lotion that I used to have when I was allergic to skin.

　　But the next day, she found outThere were more and more erythema and blisters on the body and thighs of the fruit, which soon turned into blisters and started to burn, so I quickly took the fruit to see a doctor.

　　After receiving the consultation, Bu Zhang made a detailed examination of the fruit and found that most pustules had festered.It was preliminarily determined that he had "impetigo".

　　In order to further clarify the cause, the fruit was examined by blood routine and pus culture. The results showed that:"Leukocytosis" and "a lot of Staphylococcus aureus" confirmed that the fruit suffered from impetigo.

　　Fortunately, after 3 days of symptomatic treatment, his body temperature returned to normal, and after a week of reexamination, his skin lesions also recovered obviously.

　　02

　　This pathogen is easy to hide in

　　In public places to play with water

　　impetigo herpetifomisIt occurs in children aged 1-7 with relatively low immunity and is an infectious disease.Often in the sweaty and sultry summer and autumn seasons, it is generally direct or indirect contact with patients with impetigo, leading to pustules.

　　Because impetigo is contagious, it is prone to occur in exposed parts such as head, face and limbs.

　　In the case of Guoguo, it is very likely that the disinfection of the area where the water is played is not thorough, and in addition, in summer, there are fewer clothes and more exposed parts, which just happened to be played by people with this kind of bacteria, and it may be infected like this.

　　03

　　It’s cool to play with water.

　　But not for everyone.

　　"Summer is the high season of skin diseases, and there are not a few patients who suffer from skin diseases because of improper playing with water." Bu Zhangyu said that skin diseases caused by bacterial infection, such as impetigo, can be transmitted upon contact after ulceration. For example, if the skin is allergic at ordinary times and the skin barrier is damaged, it is more likely to be infected.

　　In addition,Fungal infections of the skin layer, such as tinea cruris, tinea pedis and onychomycosis, which are common in summer, are also easily transmitted through slippers and towels.

　　In summer, when playing with water, the skin will be in a hot and humid environment for a long time, which will aggravate some original non-infectious skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and eczema, which are common among children.

　　There are also adult psoriasis (psoriasis) and so on, which are not suitable for long-term soaking in water. Recently, there are many people who get sunburned because of playing with water. Many people think that people will not get sunburned if they soak in water, but they don’t know that the refraction and scattering of light in water are more serious, so it is easier to get sunburned if they swim without protection.

　　Doctor’s reminder

　　Pay attention to these aspects when playing with water in summer:First of all, don’t play in the polluted water.

　　Secondly, we should avoid wearing wet clothes for a long time.Wash and dry your body in time after playing with water, so as not to give bacteria a chance to grow.

　　In addition, forPeople who already have infectious skin diseases such as impetigo and fungal infection should try not to go into the water to avoid infecting others.

　　Xiaobian said

　　Remind parents

　　When taking children to play with water

　　Be sure to keep your eyes open all the time.

　　Look after the children

　　Don’t chat and play with your mobile phone.

　　Don’t let the children leave your sight.

Editor’s note: With the improvement of living standards, health has become our most concerned topic. What is healthy food? How to prevent physical diseases in life? This has become the focus of attention. People’s Health Network launched the column "Jintai Health Park" to take stock of the most healthy lifestyle for you every week and take you into the health park.

There are five decisive factors for human health, and seven points for longevity and health.

According to research, although many studies show that people’s natural life span can reach more than 100 years old, most people can’t live this age for various reasons.

There are five major determinants of human health: parental inheritance accounts for 15%, social environment accounts for 10%, natural environment accounts for 7%, medical conditions account for 8%, and lifestyle accounts for 60%, which almost plays a decisive role.

There are seven main points for a long and healthy life:

1 Be sure to eat 3 meals;

2 Be sure to sleep for 8 hours;

③ Exercise for half an hour every day;

(4) Laugh every day and be healthy physically and mentally;

⑤ Be sure to defecate every day and expel toxins;

6. Be sure to have a harmonious family;

All landowners don’t smoke, don’t drink, and walk every day.[detailed]

Beginning of autumn has just passed the summer heat to cool down, and Chinese medicine will teach you how to keep fit.

After beginning of autumn, the influence of cold air will be gradually strengthened, activities will tend to be frequent, the temperature will drop obviously, the temperature difference between day and night will increase, and there will be "one autumn rain and one cold".

Just after beginning of autumn, from the point of view of disease prevention and health care, we should take precautions against "cold", pay attention to strengthening cold-proof exercise and improve cold-resistant ability, so that we can adapt to the climate environment when strong cold air and winter season come, and avoid inducing or aggravating diseases due to meteorological reasons, such as influenza, tracheitis, pneumonia, rheumatoid arthritis and various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

The ancients said: spring covers autumn and freezes, and no miscellaneous diseases are born. After beginning of autumn, we should correctly understand "thin clothes to keep out the cold", don’t add clothes and pants immediately when the temperature drops slightly, and cover yourself up. Instead, we should add clothes as late as possible, wear short-sleeved shirts, try not to wear long sleeves, wear single clothes and try not to add coats.[detailed]

Several bad habits hurt blood vessels the most.

Smooth blood vessels are the foundation of human health, and different living habits will have a great impact on blood vessel health. To protect blood vessels, it is best to understand the bad habits that damage blood vessels in life. Bad eating habits can do great harm to blood vessels.

Long-term irregular diet, overeating, thick oil and red sauce, high oil, high salt, high sugar, and more meat than vegetarian will all lead to excessive intake of nutrients. Excess lipids will not only deposit on the blood vessel wall to block blood vessels, but also increase blood viscosity, which is easy to cause thrombosis. Therefore, it is recommended to eat seven full meals, eat less grilled and pickled processed foods and fried foods, and eat less meat and more vegetables to avoid excessive fat intake.

Long-term smoking can lead to obvious atherosclerosis. Cigarettes contain many harmful substances, such as nicotine, carbon monoxide, oxygen free radicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and butadiene, which exchange with the gas in blood through alveoli and reach blood vessels, interfere with fat metabolism in blood, destroy vascular elasticity, damage vascular endothelium, and lead to the occurrence, development and thrombosis of atherosclerosis.[detailed]

Four ways to make up the yang at the end of the day and raise the back.

The dog days are the best time to treat winter diseases in summer, and the most important thing to get rid of cold evils in the body is to replenish yang qi, and to replenish yang qi, you must raise your back more! Now that we have entered the last stage, it is better to grab the last stage to support our backs.

The reason why we have to raise our backs is because according to Chinese medicine, our backs are yang and our bellies are yin. As long as the back is well maintained, it can make the back of the human body glow and generate a steady stream of energy. Because the yang meridian is basically distributed on the back of the human body, the spine is the main meridian of yang, and the meridian is the "sea of yang meridian", which controls the yang of the whole body, and the operation of yang of the whole body is all related to it.

On both sides of the spine are the bladder meridian of Foot-Taiyang, and the points on the back of all zang-fu organs are on the bladder meridian of the back. These points are channels for running qi and blood and connecting zang-fu. Stimulating these points can invigorate yang, harmonize qi and blood, and restore the functions of zang-fu. It can be seen that the back of human body is a very important part, which plays an important role in regulating visceral function, reconciling yin and yang and prolonging life.[detailed]

A brisk walk of 6,000 steps is enough.

Walking is the most affordable way of health care. A few days ago, researchers at Stanford University in the United States analyzed the activity level of residents in 46 countries and regions around the world based on the number of walking steps per day. The results show that Hong Kong, China and Chinese mainland are the top two favorite places to go.

It should be reminded that although walking exercise is good, it should not be excessive. Lu Yuanzhen said that modern people are polarized in sports. Many young and middle-aged office workers are used to driving, and the amount of exercise drops sharply, so that their physical strength is weak and their weight rises; Others are keen on taking steps every day and ranking, which leads to excessive exercise.

In order to be healthy, you have to walk 10 thousand steps every day, but this 10 thousand step also depends on the situation. If you walk slowly, including sporadic walking every day, 10,000 steps of exercise is acceptable, but if you choose to walk quickly, 6,000 steps a day is enough.[detailed]

Some traditional Chinese medicines are harmful to the liver if abused.

Some people think that Chinese medicine has no toxic and side effects at all, and even is abused as a health care product. Generally speaking, there are two main mechanisms of drug-induced liver damage: one is the direct toxicity of drugs and their intermediate metabolites to the liver; The second is the individual’s specific reaction to drugs. The first one is mainly related to the type and dosage. The second is mainly related to physical fitness. In life, we should pay special attention to liver injury when using the following drugs.

Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. purchased or collected by itself may contain chrysophanol, an anthraquinone derivative, if it is not processed. If it is abused without authorization, it will have certain toxicity to the body. The most important manifestation is liver damage and intestinal congestion.

Senna leaf When constipation occurs, many patients will choose senna to treat it themselves. If it is taken in excess for a long time, it will metabolize anthrone-like active products in the intestine, which is easy to harm the liver. It is also not suitable for those who often have cold-aversion, warm-liking, loose stools, etc.[detailed]

☆ Wonderful review ☆

The life span of blood vessels determines the life span of people. "Skipping food after noon" is very harmful.

The secret that running can prolong life is not reliable.

Are you a long-lived face? How to prevent cancer with six constitutions?

Hip is an important health area. Three cups of tea can reduce blood fat.

What do you eat for health in summer? Eat less than one third and live more than 20 years!

Bad habits make moisture-ridden. How to get rid of moisture in the body in summer

Chinese medicine family rules forbid touching cold drinks. Shouldn’t Chinese medicine be used for health preservation in summer?

See a doctor, remember nine don’t pit the elderly’s health misunderstanding.

Often eat sweet potato leaves to delay aging. Is it too thin for the elderly to live long?

　

Daligang Town, Taojiang County, Yiyang City held a special meeting to plan and deploy the comprehensive improvement action of safety production.

Red Net News Reporter Liu Zhixiong Correspondent Yang Caizhen Zhang Ruimei Yiyang Report

Recently, the rescue situation of the collapse accident of Changsha residents’ self-built houses has touched the hearts of countless people and sounded the alarm for everyone. Safety is no small matter. In order to effectively protect people’s lives and property, Daligang Town, Taojiang County, Yiyang City urgently launched a comprehensive rectification campaign for safety production during the "May 1" holiday, striving to prevent delays and build a safe line of defense.

On April 30th, all the team members of Daligang Town and relevant departments canceled their vacations, held special meetings, set up special classes, worked out plans, and made arrangements for the construction field, epidemic prevention and control, road traffic, flood control and drought relief. Led by the town emergency office, ten professional groups of the safety production professional committee jointly conducted inspections in three groups, including the law enforcement brigade, the municipal supervision office and villages (communities), covering key industries such as construction mines, dangerous chemicals, construction and fire protection, ensuring that a problem is found and a place is rectified immediately.

The staff is checking the fire control facilities.

Ensure that you live in peace of mind, and strictly check both new houses and old houses.

Fire safety is directly related to whether people can live with peace of mind. On the afternoon of April 30th, Wang Feng, secretary of the Party Committee of Daligang Town, once again came to Zhujiacun and Lishanhe nursing homes. He was worried about the two failed fire extinguishers found during the fire safety inspection the day before yesterday. "It’s a good thing you found it after inspection. It’s a bad thing if you find it can’t be used when you need it!" The person in charge of Zhujiacun nursing home said that after the inspection found that the fire extinguisher was invalid, he contacted the previous fire extinguisher supplier for the first time and replaced it in time to be prepared.

On May 1st, Daligang Town organized villages (communities) to build houses and held a deployment meeting for the special rectification of safety production in the construction field. Next, the town will conduct a safety hazard investigation on 26,137 houses in the town, and adopt the "four packages and one" responsibility system for 16 houses with safety hazards in the previous investigation, and "look back", requiring villages (communities) to report the situation once a day and set warning signs for dangerous and abandoned houses; Strictly implement the "three-on-the-spot" policy and the "four-package one" responsibility system for building safety in rural areas to ensure that the quality of new houses can pass the customs and live with peace of mind.

In this comprehensive rectification action of safety production, Daligang Town also inspected seven liquefied gas supply stations within the town’s jurisdiction to ensure that all stations implemented standardized gas management as required.

The staff supervises the epidemic prevention and control work at the expressway intersection, and needs to check the health code and travel code when leaving the Daligang toll station.

Ensure that travel is relieved and epidemic prevention is smooth.

Holidays are the peak time for returnees and the masses to travel. It is necessary to ensure the safety and smoothness of roads and prevent and control the epidemic at the same time, so that the masses can travel with ease.

There are 8 big ferries and 1 high-speed exit in Daligang Town. Liu Xiangbin, deputy secretary of the town party Committee and mayor, said: "Safety is the first requirement for the ferry to sail safely and be a good ferryman for the masses." Expressway service stations are the primary line of defense for epidemic prevention and control, and police stations, traffic police, traffic control, health centers and other departments should do a solid job in joint prevention and control. "

"may dayDuring the period, at least two volunteers will be on duty at Daligang Town Expressway Service Station, each important section and persuasion station to ensure smooth roads, and three leading cadres will be on duty every day to implement "three shifts" for 24 hours. Normalization of epidemic prevention and control in various departments, units and villages (communities).

The Epidemic Prevention and Control Office conducts daily epidemic prevention and control supervision, keeps abreast of the dynamics of returnees in villages (communities), strengthens the control of key personnel, and ensures that the responsibility of "five guarantees and one" is implemented to people. At the same time, all the township and village cadres sank into the villages, mobilized those who had not been vaccinated to actively vaccinate, and widely publicized the epidemic prevention work.

The staff is inspecting the reservoir before the flood season.

Care must be taken in production to prevent fire, flood and negligence.

In the flood season, the flood control work is gradually "clockwork", and Daligang Town will start the annual flood control training and drills to check the leakage of flood control materials and ensure the necessary needs of flood control.

The town has supervised each village to post flash flood geological disaster emergency cards. At present, two town-level hidden geological disaster points and four county-level hidden geological disaster points in the town have posted "two cards and one book" and set up warning signs nearby. In this operation, Daligang Town will once again conduct special inspections on potential safety hazards and flood prevention and preparation for 18 small reservoirs and 59 backbone mountain ponds, and rectify problems in time to ensure safety during the flood season.

When summer comes, forest fire prevention must also be vigilant. At present, the leading group for fire prevention and extinguishing has been set up in Daligang Town, and the town-level emergency firefighting team is composed of nearly 30 government functionaries. Eighteen forest rangers have been identified, and a volunteer emergency team has been set up in each village (community). The town emergency office has established a 24-hour duty system including full-time (part-time) firefighters to ensure that the fire is known at the first time.

"May Day" holiday, safety "no holiday". Wang Feng said that the special campaign of safety inspection will last for one month, during which the safety situation in key places such as residents’ self-built houses, crowded places, dangerous chemicals, road traffic, construction, non-coal mines, metallurgical industry and trade, special equipment, fireworks and firecrackers and gas fields will be strictly investigated.

In the last article, many small partners are more concerned about the listing rights of Equation Leopard, and would like to ask whether the recent preferential treatment is strong. In this article, I will take you to feel the listing rights of Equation Leopard Titanium 3!

In terms of loans, the equation Leopard Titanium is divided into three types, namely, a five-year long loan with a down payment of 0; 24 interest-free down payment of 50%; 50% down payment and 50% final payment in one year, 0 interest and 0 month payment scheme.

The financial subsidy for subsidies is up to 5,000 yuan, the replacement subsidy is 6,000 yuan, and the foreign product is 5,000 yuan. The subsidy can knock down the price by 10,000 yuan. Here, taking the 501KM four-wheel drive Ultra version of 163,800 as an example, users put aside a series of extra expenses such as insurance, and the actual landing price is 16W, which is still quite fragrant.

Finally, the four-fold listing ceremony, 7kW charging piles are delivered free of charge, and the first owner enjoys the rights and interests of charging pile basic installation service within two years from the date of self-delivery; Smart internet services, including lifelong OTA upgrade, online navigation, free car traffic for 2 years and 5G every month, etc. After-sales service, the whole vehicle repair for non-operating vehicles for 6 years or 150,000 kilometers, and the lifetime warranty of the "Three Electricity" system; Direct sincerity is full, cost performance is full, and you can close your eyes completely.

In addition to these common listed rights and interests, this equation Leopard Titanium 3 also brought something completely new, that isThe world’s first front face modular dressing systemUnlock the new gameplay of technology trends.

It is worth mentioning that this time, Titanium 3 has brought 12 joint tide reform schemes together with many tide reform brands, and these tide reform schemes will also be put on the official mall simultaneously, and all the national equation leopard stores can change their faces.

Equation Leopard also announced the launch of the "Titanium 3 Tide Reform Co-creation Competition" on April 23, invested a million-dollar prize pool, and set up a number of tracks such as the national track and the professional track. Everyone can watch the live broadcast online together in a few days and feel the charm of the titanium 3 official reform!

Author | Li Beichen

Source | Whale Fall Business Review

As we all know, today’s Chinese music scene is called "Shaking".

At the end of last year, Tencent Music made the top ten hot songs of the year, namely: Cloud and the Sea, Bai Yueguang and Zhu Shazhi, Gossip of the Prodigal Son, Dream that Can’t Wake Up, Treading on the Mountains and Rivers, Qian Qian Never Will Fall, Shepherd of Coco Tuohai, Emptying, and Obsession.

Almost all of them are Tik Tok Divine Comedy.

Yes, the most popular part of Chinese music has become the accompaniment of Tik Tok.

In the face of traffic, QQ Music and Netease Cloud Music also chose to bow their heads, with a special list of popular songs in Tik Tok, and QQ Music regarded "Tik Tok Hot Search" as a recommended option for searching songs.

Whether you like it or not, the subversion and controversy brought by Tik Tok to China’s music industry have become increasingly apparent. Those Tik Tok Divine Comedy haunts your mind, which has made the music market in China undergo an unpredictable evolution.

Obviously, Byte himself realized this, and then suddenly realized: "Why should I give up my own traffic?"

So they left the stage and entered the music market in person, which may completely change the appearance of the music market-and even the whole "music".

Traffic coordination in ByteDance

From the moment of its birth, Tik Tok has a close relationship with music-Tik Tok has a "sound" in his name, and the icon is also a note.

Looking back, Tik Tok’s predecessor, A.me, positioned itself as "short music video", which was quite similar to musical.ly, which was popular among American teenagers at that time, and created short videos by guiding users to lip-synch with music or dance. By the end of 2017, musical.ly had more than 200 million registered users.

Also in 2017, musical.ly was acquired by ByteDance, and then merged into the overseas version of TikTok in TikTok, which brought many active users and creators to TikTok and laid a good foundation for its rapid expansion in the global market.

ByteDance’s "formal" entry into the music market began two years ago.

In March, 2020, Byte officially launched the music playing software Resso in India and Indonesia. You can understand it as "Tik Tok in Music". Once the App is opened, it will be personalized song recommendation. If you don’t like this song, you can swipe the screen up and down like a Tik Tok and quickly cut to the next one.

Resso has been online for half a year, and the download volume has exceeded 15 million times. With this experience, in 2021, a music division was established within Byte, and a key task was to open up the music community of Resso and TikTok.

However, due to various reasons, Resoo has not expanded its territory to more countries and regions. At present, only a few countries such as India, Indonesia and Brazil are open.

In terms of music, perhaps the next force point of Byte is the domestic market.

In the spring of 2022, ByteDance launched an online music app-soda music in China.

The interface of soda music is very similar to Resso, which also uses sliding up and down to cut songs. Compared with the familiar left and right key switching, sliding up and down can greatly improve the speed of cutting songs. Under this interactive logic, people are not so much listening to songs as "brushing songs".

More importantly, according to media reports, most of the data of soda music and Tik Tok are synchronized. Soda music can help people to collect the divine comedy heard in Tik Tok synchronously, and find more similar songs in ByteDance’s proud algorithm recommendation.

Byte’s intention to engage in music is obvious, that is, to cooperate with the flow of Tik Tok and soda music.—— It is foreseeable that the soda concert will be more deeply bound with Tik Tok to form a closed loop of flow: Tik Tok can hatch the Tik Tok Divine Comedy and guide it to soda music; Those minority songs in soda music can also be hatched into "soda divine comedy" with the help of recommendation algorithm, which can be used to feed back short video with vibrato and become Tik Tok divine comedy, thus further consolidating Tik Tok’s position in the field of short video.

It does look wonderful.

In the future, music will eventually become shorter.

As for the penetration of bytes into the music field, what it means to the music market in China is a matter of opinion.

Please note that this article has no intention to talk about the vulgarization tendency of Chinese music. After all, there is no need to argue about the reality. The whole Chinese music presents a dangerous prosperity that will collapse once the coarse gravel foundation is removed. Huang Shujun has a song called "Change 1995", and there is a lyric that won my heart: "Only pop, no music, I think it is a good thing that you are out of sight."

So today, we are out of sight, avoiding "music quality" and talking about "music length".

Have you ever thought about it,When music can be "brushed", people will inevitably leave less and less time for a song, and they will become more and more stingy, so that they will never give you "time for a song" again.

Yes, now is not the era of "slow in the past". In the past, everyone was sincere: a song is a song; Movies, one is another. This is not the case now. People’s interest cycle is getting shorter and shorter, and the content carrier is also getting shorter and shorter, so that they can be embedded in people’s increasingly fragmented nothingness life at any time.

Therefore, just as people have become more and more impatient to watch the whole movie and are used to watching the short video of "watching a movie in X minutes", people have become more and more impatient to listen to the whole song and are used to going straight to the climax and only listening to the chorus (especially for new songs).

I even think,One day in the future, the online music platform will be completely "chorus", that is, every song that people brush will only have a climax.

If this is the case, then this new technology carrier will change the music-the time of a song is bound to become shorter, and the "memory points" such as melody and rhythm are bound to become more accurate-as much as the music was changed when vinyl was born.

You know, nowadays, a song usually lasts only a few minutes, thanks to vinyl. At first, there was no time limit for church music and court music (Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony lasted about 70 minutes), but as music can be stored, copied and distributed by new technology, a piece of music is also "framed" in the poor capacity of 4 minutes when vinyl was born. Musicians can choose not to compromise on technology, but as long as you want to seize the dividend of new technology, you must make the work shorter and make the melody and rhythm more accurate to meet the increasingly impatient attention of the audience.

Well, whether you like it or not, this process is repeating itself. The emergence of new technical media such as bytes makes human attention shorter than before, which also makes the time of a song shorter than before.

Maybe a hundred years later, the new generation of young people will look back at Jay Chou in the 21st century, just as we look back at Beethoven in the 18th century-"It’s just a song, why did you write it so long?"

Author: Li Beichen (WeChat: Whale Fall Business Review)

law of the people’s republic of china on the prevention and treatment of infections diseases

　　(Adopted at the Sixth Session of the Seventh the NPC Standing Committee on February 21, 1989, revised at the 11th Session of the Tenth the NPC Standing Committee on August 28, 2004, and revised according to the Decision on Amending the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Cultural Relics and Other Twelve Laws of the Third Session of the Twelfth the NPC Standing Committee on June 29, 2013).

catalogue

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Prevention of Infectious Diseases

　　Chapter III Report, Notification and Publication of Epidemic Situation

　　Chapter IV Epidemic Control

　　Chapter V Medical Treatment

　　Chapter VI Supervision and Administration

　　Chapter VII Safeguard Measures

　　Chapter VIII Legal Liability

　　Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purpose of preventing, controlling and eliminating the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases and safeguarding human health and public health.

　　Article 2 The State implements the policy of putting prevention first in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, combining prevention and control, managing by classification, relying on science and relying on the masses.

　　Article 3 Infectious diseases stipulated in this Law are classified into Class A, Class B and Class C..

　　Class A infectious diseases refer to plague and cholera.

　　Class B infectious diseases refer to: infectious atypical pneumonia, AIDS, viral hepatitis, polio, human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, measles, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, rabies, epidemic encephalitis B, dengue fever, anthrax, bacterial and amebic dysentery, tuberculosis, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, whooping cough, diphtheria, neonatal tetanus, scarlet fever, brucellosis, gonorrhea and syphilis.

　　Class C infectious diseases refer to influenza, mumps, rubella, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, leprosy, epidemic and endemic typhus, kala-azar, echinococcosis, filariasis, infectious diarrhea except cholera, bacterial and amebic dysentery, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever.

　　According to the outbreak, epidemic situation and degree of harm of infectious diseases, the health administrative department of the State Council can decide to increase, decrease or adjust the diseases of Class B and Class C infectious diseases and publish them.

　　Article 4 For infectious atypical pneumonia in Class B infectious diseases, pulmonary anthrax in anthrax and human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, preventive and control measures for Class A infectious diseases as mentioned in this Law shall be adopted. Other Class B infectious diseases and infectious diseases with sudden unknown causes need to take measures for prevention and control of Class A infectious diseases as mentioned in this Law, and the administrative department of health of the State Council shall promptly report to the State Council for approval before promulgation and implementation.

　　Need to lift the prevention and control measures of Class A infectious diseases taken in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, shall be announced by the health administrative department of the State Council after being approved by the State Council.

　　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, according to the circumstances, decide to manage other endemic infectious diseases that are common and frequent within their respective administrative areas according to Class B or Class C infectious diseases and publish them, and report them to the health administrative department of the State Council for the record.

　　Article 5 People’s governments at all levels shall lead the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate plans for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and organize their implementation, and establish and improve the disease prevention and control, medical treatment, supervision and management systems for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　Article 6 The health administrative department of the State Council shall be in charge of the prevention and control of infectious diseases and its supervision and management. The health administrative departments of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and their supervision and management within their respective administrative areas.

　　Other departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the prevention and control of infectious diseases within their respective functions and duties.

　　The prevention and control of infectious diseases in the armed forces shall be handled in accordance with this Law and the relevant provisions of the state, and shall be supervised and managed by the competent health department of the China People’s Liberation Army.

　　Seventh disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall undertake the monitoring, prediction, epidemiological investigation, epidemic situation report and other prevention and control work of infectious diseases.

　　Medical institutions undertake the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases related to medical treatment and the prevention of infectious diseases in the responsible areas. Under the guidance of disease prevention and control institutions, urban communities and rural grassroots medical institutions shall undertake the corresponding prevention and control of infectious diseases in urban communities and rural grassroots.

　　Article 8 The state develops modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, supports and encourages scientific research on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and improves the scientific and technological level of the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

　　The state supports and encourages international cooperation in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

　　Article 9 The State supports and encourages units and individuals to participate in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. People’s governments at all levels should improve the relevant systems to facilitate units and individuals to participate in publicity and education, epidemic report, voluntary service and donation activities for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

　　Residents’ committees and villagers’ committees shall organize residents and villagers to participate in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in communities and rural areas.

　　Article 10 The State shall carry out health education on the prevention of infectious diseases. The news media should carry out public welfare propaganda for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and public health education free of charge.

　　Schools at all levels and types should educate students about health knowledge and prevention of infectious diseases.

　　Medical colleges and universities should strengthen preventive medicine education and scientific research, provide preventive medicine education and training for students and other personnel related to the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and provide technical support for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions shall regularly train their staff in the knowledge and skills of infectious disease prevention and control.

　　Eleventh units and individuals that have made remarkable achievements and contributions in the prevention and control of infectious diseases shall be commended and rewarded.

　　In accordance with the relevant provisions, subsidies and pensions will be given to those who are sick, disabled or killed because of their participation in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　Article 12 All units and individuals within the territory of People’s Republic of China (PRC) must accept preventive and control measures such as investigation, inspection, sample collection and isolation treatment of infectious diseases by disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions, and truthfully provide relevant information. Disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions shall not disclose relevant information and materials involving personal privacy.

　　Where the administrative department of health and other relevant departments, disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions violate the legitimate rights and interests of units and individuals by illegally implementing administrative management or preventive and control measures, the relevant units and individuals may apply for administrative reconsideration or bring a lawsuit according to law.

Chapter II Prevention of Infectious Diseases

　　Article 13 People’s governments at all levels shall organize mass health activities, carry out health education on the prevention of infectious diseases, advocate civilized and healthy lifestyles, improve public awareness of the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and their ability to cope with them, strengthen environmental sanitation construction, and eliminate the harm of rodents and vectors such as mosquitoes and flies.

　　The administrative departments of agriculture, water conservancy and forestry of the people’s governments at all levels shall be responsible for guiding and organizing the elimination of rodent and schistosomiasis hazards in farmland, lakes, rivers, pastures and forest areas, as well as the hazards of other animals and vectors that spread infectious diseases.

　　The administrative departments of railways, transportation and civil aviation shall be responsible for organizing the elimination of rodents, mosquitoes, flies and other vectors in transportation and related places.

　　Article 14 Local people’s governments at all levels shall build and transform public health facilities in a planned way, improve the sanitary conditions of drinking water, and conduct harmless disposal of sewage, dirt and feces.

　　Article 15 The state practices a planned vaccination system. The health administrative departments of the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the needs of prevention and control of infectious diseases, formulate plans for vaccination against infectious diseases and organize their implementation. Vaccines used for vaccination must meet the national quality standards.

　　The state implements a vaccination certificate system for children. Vaccination in the national immunization program is free. Medical institutions, disease prevention and control institutions and guardians of children should cooperate with each other to ensure that children receive vaccination in time. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 16 The state and society should care for and help patients with infectious diseases, pathogen carriers and patients suspected of infectious diseases, so that they can be treated in time. No unit or individual may discriminate against patients with infectious diseases, pathogen carriers and suspected patients with infectious diseases.

　　Patients with infectious diseases, pathogen carriers and patients suspected of infectious diseases shall not engage in the work that is prohibited by laws, administrative regulations and the provisions of the administrative department of health of the State Council, which is easy to spread the infectious diseases before they are cured or suspected of infectious diseases are eliminated.

　　Article 17 The State shall establish a monitoring system for infectious diseases.

　　The health administrative department of the State Council formulated the national infectious disease monitoring plan and scheme. The health administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the national infectious disease monitoring plans and programs, formulate the infectious disease monitoring plans and work programs in their respective administrative regions.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels monitor the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases and the factors affecting their occurrence and prevalence; Monitor infectious diseases that have occurred abroad, have not yet occurred in China, or have newly occurred in China.

　　Eighteenth disease prevention and control institutions at all levels shall perform the following duties in the prevention and control of infectious diseases:

　　(a) the implementation of infectious disease prevention and control planning, plans and programs;

　　(2) Collecting, analyzing and reporting the monitoring information of infectious diseases, and predicting the occurrence and epidemic trend of infectious diseases;

　　(three) to carry out epidemiological investigation, on-site treatment and effect evaluation of infectious diseases and public health emergencies;

　　(four) to carry out laboratory detection, diagnosis and pathogen identification of infectious diseases;

　　(five) the implementation of immunization program, responsible for the use and management of preventive biological products;

　　(six) to carry out health education and consultation, and popularize the knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control;

　　(seven) to guide and train the disease prevention and control institutions at lower levels and their staff to carry out the monitoring of infectious diseases;

　　(eight) to carry out applied research and health evaluation on the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and provide technical advice.

　　National and provincial disease prevention and control institutions are responsible for monitoring the occurrence, prevalence and distribution of infectious diseases, predicting the epidemic trend of major infectious diseases, proposing preventive and control countermeasures, participating in and guiding the investigation and handling of outbreaks, carrying out pathogen identification of infectious diseases, establishing a detection quality control system, and carrying out applied research and health evaluation.

　　Municipal and county-level disease prevention and control institutions with districts are responsible for the implementation of infectious disease prevention and control plans and schemes, organizing the implementation of immunization, disinfection and control of the harm of vectors, popularizing the knowledge of infectious disease prevention and control, monitoring and reporting the epidemic situation and public health emergencies in the region, and conducting epidemiological investigations and detection of common pathogenic microorganisms.

　　Article 19 The State establishes an early warning system for infectious diseases.

　　The health administrative department of the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the prediction of the occurrence and epidemic trend of infectious diseases, issue early warning of infectious diseases in a timely manner and publish them according to the situation.

　　Twentieth local people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate plans for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and report them to the people’s government at the next higher level for the record.

　　The plan for the prevention and control of infectious diseases shall include the following main contents:

　　(a) the composition of the infectious disease prevention and control headquarters and the responsibilities of relevant departments;

　　(two) the system of monitoring, information collection, analysis, reporting and notification of infectious diseases;

　　(three) the tasks and responsibilities of disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions in the event of an epidemic of infectious diseases;

　　(four) the classification of the outbreak and epidemic of infectious diseases and the corresponding emergency work plan;

　　(5) Prevention of infectious diseases, on-site control of epidemic spots and epidemic areas, and reserve and transfer of emergency facilities, equipment, rescue drugs and medical devices, and other materials and technologies.

　　Local people’s governments and disease prevention and control institutions shall, after receiving the early warning of infectious diseases issued by the health administrative department of the State Council or the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, take corresponding prevention and control measures according to the prevention and control plan of infectious diseases.

　　Twenty-first medical institutions must strictly implement the management system and operational norms stipulated by the health administrative department of the State Council to prevent iatrogenic infection and hospital infection of infectious diseases.

　　Medical institutions shall designate special departments or personnel to undertake the epidemic report of infectious diseases, the prevention and control of infectious diseases in their own units and the prevention of infectious diseases in their responsible areas; To undertake the monitoring, safety protection, disinfection, isolation and medical waste disposal of risk factors related to hospital infection in medical activities.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions shall designate special personnel to guide and assess the prevention of infectious diseases in medical institutions and carry out epidemiological investigations.

　　Article 22 Institutions for disease prevention and control, laboratories of medical institutions and units engaged in pathogenic microorganism experiments shall meet the conditions and technical standards prescribed by the state, establish a strict supervision and management system, and strictly supervise and manage infectious disease pathogen samples according to the prescribed measures to prevent laboratory infection of infectious disease pathogens and the spread of pathogenic microorganisms.

　　Twenty-third blood collection and supply institutions and biological products production units must strictly implement the relevant provisions of the state to ensure the quality of blood and blood products. It is forbidden to illegally collect blood or organize others to sell blood.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions must abide by the relevant provisions of the state when using blood and blood products to prevent the occurrence of blood-borne diseases caused by blood transfusion and use of blood products.

　　Twenty-fourth people’s governments at all levels should strengthen the prevention and control of AIDS and take preventive and control measures to prevent the spread of AIDS. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 25 The administrative departments of agriculture and forestry of the people’s governments at or above the county level and other relevant departments shall be responsible for the prevention and control of animal infectious diseases related to zoonotic infectious diseases according to their respective functions and duties.

　　Wild animals, livestock and poultry related to zoonotic infectious diseases can only be sold and transported after passing quarantine inspection.

　　Article 26 The State shall establish a database of strains and viruses of infectious diseases.

　　The collection, preservation, carrying, transportation and use of infectious disease strains, viruses and infectious disease detection samples shall be classified and a strict management system shall be established and improved.

　　If it is really necessary to collect, preserve, carry, transport and use samples of strains, viruses and infectious diseases that may lead to the spread of Class A infectious diseases and the provisions of the health administrative department of the State Council, it must be approved by the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Twenty-seventh sewage, dirt, places and articles contaminated by infectious disease pathogens, the relevant units and individuals must carry out strict disinfection treatment under the guidance of disease prevention and control institutions or in accordance with their health requirements; Refuse to disinfect, by the local health administrative department or disease prevention and control institutions for compulsory disinfection.

　　Article 28 If large-scale construction projects such as water conservancy, transportation, tourism and energy are planned to be built in natural foci confirmed by the state, the disease prevention and control institutions at or above the provincial level shall conduct a sanitary investigation on the construction environment in advance. The construction unit shall, according to the opinions of the disease prevention and control institutions, take necessary measures to prevent and control infectious diseases. During the construction period, the construction unit shall designate a special person to be responsible for the health and epidemic prevention work on the site. After the completion of the project, the disease prevention and control institutions shall monitor the possible infectious diseases.

　　Twenty-ninth for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, drinking water supplied by disinfection products and drinking water supply units and products related to the hygiene and safety of drinking water shall conform to the national hygiene standards and hygiene norms.

　　Drinking water supply units engaged in production or supply activities shall obtain hygiene licenses according to law.

　　Units that produce disinfection products for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and disinfection products for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases shall be subject to examination and approval by the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

Chapter III Report, Notification and Publication of Epidemic Situation

　　Article 30 When disease prevention and control institutions, medical institutions, blood collection and supply institutions and their personnel performing their duties discover the epidemic situation of infectious diseases as stipulated in this Law or other outbreaks, epidemics and infectious diseases with unknown causes, they shall follow the principle of territorial management of epidemic situation reporting and report according to the contents, procedures, methods and time limits as stipulated by the State Council or the administrative department of health of the State Council.

　　When military medical institutions provide medical services to the public and discover the epidemic situation of infectious diseases specified in the preceding paragraph, they shall report it in accordance with the provisions of the health administrative department of the State Council.

　　Thirty-first any unit or individual shall report to the nearby disease prevention and control institutions or medical institutions in a timely manner when discovering patients with infectious diseases or suspected infectious diseases.

　　Article 32 When port, airport, railway disease prevention and control institutions and frontier health and quarantine organs find patients with Class A infectious diseases, pathogen carriers and suspected infectious diseases, they shall immediately report to the disease prevention and control institutions where the frontier port is located or the health administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level and notify each other.

　　Thirty-third disease prevention and control institutions should take the initiative to collect, analyze, investigate and verify the epidemic information of infectious diseases. Upon receiving the epidemic report of Class A and Class B infectious diseases or discovering the outbreak and epidemic of infectious diseases, it shall immediately report to the local health administrative department, which shall immediately report to the local people’s government, and report to the health administrative department at a higher level and the health administrative department of the State Council.

　　Disease prevention and control institutions shall set up or designate special departments and personnel to be responsible for the information management of infectious diseases, and verify and analyze the epidemic reports in a timely manner.

　　Article 34 The health administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level shall timely inform the disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions within their respective administrative areas of the epidemic situation of infectious diseases and relevant information on monitoring and early warning. The disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions that have received the notification shall promptly inform the relevant personnel of their own units.

　　Article 35 The administrative department of health of the State Council shall timely inform other relevant departments of the State Council and the administrative departments of health of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government of the national epidemic situation of infectious diseases and relevant information of monitoring and early warning.

　　The health administrative departments of the neighboring and related local people’s governments shall timely inform each other of the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in their respective administrative areas and the relevant information of monitoring and early warning.

　　When the relevant departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level find the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, they shall promptly notify the health administrative department of the people’s government at the same level.

　　When the health administrative department of China People’s Liberation Army finds the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, it shall notify the health administrative department of the State Council.

　　Thirty-sixth animal epidemic prevention institutions and disease prevention and control institutions shall timely notify each other of the epidemic situation of zoonotic infectious diseases among animals and between humans and related information.

　　Article 37 The relevant departments of the people’s government, disease prevention and control institutions, medical institutions, blood collection and supply institutions and their staff responsible for reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases according to the provisions of this Law shall not conceal, falsely report or delay reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases.

　　Article 38 The State establishes a system for publishing information on epidemic situation of infectious diseases.

　　The health administrative department of the State Council regularly publishes information on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases throughout the country. The health administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government regularly publish information on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in their respective administrative areas.

　　When an infectious disease breaks out and is prevalent, the health administrative department of the State Council is responsible for publishing the epidemic information of infectious diseases to the public, and may authorize the health administrative departments of the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to publish the epidemic information of infectious diseases in their respective administrative areas to the public.

　　The information on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases shall be published in a timely and accurate manner.

Chapter IV Epidemic Control

　　Article 39 When a medical institution discovers a Class A infectious disease, it shall take the following measures in time:

　　(a) patients and pathogen carriers shall be treated in isolation, and the isolation period shall be determined according to the results of medical examination;

　　(two) for suspected patients, isolated treatment in designated places before diagnosis;

　　(3) To conduct medical observation and take other necessary preventive measures at designated places for patients, pathogen carriers and close contacts of suspected patients in medical institutions.

　　Refuse isolation treatment or leave isolation treatment without authorization before the expiration of the isolation period, and the public security organ may assist the medical institution to take compulsory isolation treatment measures.

　　When a medical institution finds a patient with a Class B or Class C infectious disease, it shall take necessary treatment and control measures according to the condition.

　　Medical institutions must disinfect and dispose of the places, articles and medical wastes contaminated by infectious disease pathogens in their own units in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations.

　　Fortieth disease prevention and control institutions shall take the following measures in time when they find the epidemic situation of infectious diseases or receive the report of the epidemic situation of infectious diseases:

　　　(1) Conduct epidemiological investigation on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, put forward suggestions on delineating epidemic spots and epidemic areas according to the investigation, carry out sanitary treatment on contaminated places, conduct medical observation and take other necessary preventive measures in designated places for close contacts, and put forward epidemic control plans to the administrative department of health;

　　(2) When an infectious disease breaks out and spreads, carry out sanitary treatment on the epidemic spot and epidemic area, put forward an epidemic control plan to the administrative department of health, and take measures according to the requirements of the administrative department of health;

　　(three) to guide the disease prevention and control institutions at lower levels to implement measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and to organize and guide the relevant units to deal with the epidemic situation of infectious diseases.

　　Article 41 The local people’s government at or above the county level may take quarantine measures against the personnel in the place where a class A infectious disease case has occurred or in a specific area within the place, and report to the people’s government at the next higher level at the same time; The people’s government at a higher level that receives the report shall immediately make a decision on whether or not to approve it. If the people’s government at a higher level makes a decision not to approve, the people’s government that implements the isolation measures shall immediately lift the isolation measures.

　　During the period of isolation, the people’s government that implements isolation measures shall provide living security for the isolated personnel; If the isolated person has a work unit, the unit where he works shall not stop paying his remuneration during the isolation period.

　　The lifting of isolation measures shall be decided and announced by the original decision-making organ.

　　Article 42 In the event of an outbreak or epidemic of infectious diseases, the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall immediately organize forces to carry out prevention and control in accordance with the prevention and control plan, and cut off the transmission route of infectious diseases. When necessary, they shall report to the people’s government at the next higher level for decision, and may take the following emergency measures and make an announcement:

　　(1) Restrict or stop fairs, theater performances or other crowd gathering activities;

　　(2) Suspension of work, business or classes;

　　(three) closed or sealed public drinking water sources, food and related items contaminated by infectious disease pathogens;

　　(4) controlling or culling infected wild animals, domestic animals and poultry;

　　　(five) closed places that may cause the spread of infectious diseases.

　　When the people’s government at a higher level receives a report from the people’s government at a lower level on taking the emergency measures listed in the preceding paragraph, it shall make a decision immediately.

　　The lifting of emergency measures shall be decided and announced by the original decision-making organ.

　　Article 43 When Class A and Class B infectious diseases break out and become epidemic, the local people’s governments at or above the county level may, upon the decision of the people’s government at the next higher level, declare part or all of their administrative areas as epidemic areas; The State Council can decide and announce epidemic areas across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The local people’s governments at or above the county level may take emergency measures as stipulated in Article 42 of this Law within the epidemic area, and may carry out health quarantine on people, materials and means of transport entering or leaving the epidemic area.

　　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may decide to block the epidemic areas of Class A infectious diseases within their respective administrative areas; However, it is up to the State Council to seal off the epidemic areas in large and medium-sized cities or across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, as well as the blockade of epidemic areas that leads to the interruption of trunk traffic or the closure of borders.

　　The lifting of the blockade of epidemic areas shall be decided and announced by the original decision-making organ.

　　Article 44 When a Class A infectious disease occurs, in order to prevent the infectious disease from spreading through the means of transport and the personnel and materials it carries, traffic health quarantine can be implemented. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

　　Article 45 In case of an outbreak or epidemic of infectious diseases, according to the needs of epidemic control of infectious diseases, the State Council has the right to mobilize personnel or reserve materials in an emergency within its administrative area, and to temporarily requisition houses, vehicles and related facilities and equipment, nationwide or across provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

　　Those who urgently mobilize personnel shall be given reasonable remuneration in accordance with the regulations. Temporary requisition of houses, vehicles and related facilities and equipment shall be compensated according to law; If it can be returned, it shall be returned in time.

　　Article 46 If a person dies of Class A infectious diseases or anthrax, the corpse shall be immediately sanitized and cremated nearby. In case of death from other infectious diseases, if necessary, the corpse shall be cremated after sanitary treatment or buried in accordance with regulations.

　　In order to find out the cause of infectious diseases, medical institutions may, when necessary, conduct autopsy on the corpses of patients with infectious diseases or suspected patients with infectious diseases in accordance with the provisions of the administrative department of health of the State Council, and shall inform the families of the deceased.

　　Article 47 Articles contaminated or possibly contaminated by infectious disease pathogens in epidemic areas that can be used after disinfection shall be disinfected under the guidance of local disease prevention and control institutions before they can be used, sold and transported.

　　Article 48 When an epidemic situation of infectious diseases occurs, the disease prevention and control institutions and other professional technical institutions related to infectious diseases designated by the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level may enter the epidemic spots and epidemic areas for investigation, sample collection, technical analysis and inspection.

　　Article 49 When an infectious disease breaks out and is prevalent, the units producing and supplying drugs and medical devices shall produce and supply drugs and medical devices for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in a timely manner. Railway, transportation and civil aviation business units must give priority to transporting personnel dealing with infectious diseases and drugs and medical devices for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The relevant departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall do a good job in organization and coordination.

Chapter V Medical Treatment

　　Article 50 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall strengthen and improve the construction of the service network for medical treatment of infectious diseases, designate medical institutions with the conditions and ability to treat infectious diseases to undertake the task of treating infectious diseases, or set up infectious diseases hospitals according to the needs of treating infectious diseases.

　　Article 51 The basic standards, architectural design and service flow of medical institutions shall meet the requirements of preventing hospital infection of infectious diseases.

　　Medical institutions shall disinfect the medical devices used in accordance with the regulations; Medical devices that are used once in accordance with regulations shall be destroyed after use.

　　Medical institutions shall, in accordance with the diagnostic criteria and treatment requirements of infectious diseases stipulated by the health administrative department of the State Council, take corresponding measures to improve the medical treatment ability of infectious diseases.

　　Article 52 Medical institutions shall provide medical aid, on-site rescue and treatment for patients with infectious diseases or suspected infectious diseases, write medical records and other relevant materials, and keep them properly.

　　Medical institutions should implement the system of pre-inspection and triage of infectious diseases; Patients with infectious diseases and suspected infectious diseases should be guided to relatively isolated triage points for initial diagnosis. If a medical institution does not have the corresponding treatment ability, it shall transfer the patient and a copy of his medical records to a medical institution with the corresponding treatment ability. The specific measures shall be formulated by the administrative department of health of the State Council.

Chapter VI Supervision and Administration

　　Article 53 The health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall perform the following duties of supervision and inspection on the prevention and control of infectious diseases:

　　(a) to supervise and inspect the health administrative departments of the people’s governments at lower levels in performing the duties of prevention and control of infectious diseases as stipulated in this Law;

　　(two) to supervise and inspect the prevention and control of infectious diseases in disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions;

　　(three) to supervise and inspect the blood collection and supply activities of blood collection and supply institutions;

　　(four) to supervise and inspect the disinfection products used for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and its production units, and to supervise and inspect the production or supply activities of drinking water supply units and products related to the hygiene and safety of drinking water;

　　(five) to supervise and inspect the collection, preservation, carrying, transportation and use of infectious disease strains, viruses and infectious disease detection samples;

　　(six) to supervise and inspect the sanitary conditions of public places and relevant units and the prevention and control measures of infectious diseases.

　　The health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level shall be responsible for organizing the handling of major issues in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　Article 54 The health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall have the right to enter the inspected unit and the scene where the epidemic situation of infectious diseases occurs to investigate and collect evidence, consult or copy relevant materials and collect samples when performing the duties of supervision and inspection. The units under inspection shall cooperate and shall not refuse or obstruct.

　　Article 55 When the health administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level performs the duties of supervision and inspection, it is found that public drinking water sources, food and related articles contaminated by infectious disease pathogens may lead to the spread and epidemic of infectious diseases if control measures are not taken in time, temporary control measures such as closing public drinking water sources, sealing food and related articles or suspending sales may be taken, and inspection or disinfection may be carried out. After inspection, food that is contaminated shall be destroyed; For unpolluted food or articles that can be used after disinfection, the control measures shall be lifted.

　　Article 56 When performing their duties according to law, the staff of the administrative department of health shall have at least two persons, show their law enforcement certificates and fill in health law enforcement documents.

　　After verification, the health law enforcement documents shall be signed by the health law enforcement personnel and the parties concerned. If the party refuses to sign, the health law enforcement personnel shall indicate the situation.

　　Article 57 The administrative department of health shall establish and improve the internal supervision system according to law, and supervise the performance of duties by its staff according to the statutory authority and procedures.

　　If the health administrative department at a higher level finds that the health administrative department at a lower level fails to handle matters within the scope of its duties in time or fails to perform its duties, it shall be ordered to make corrections or deal with them directly.

　　Fifty-eighth health administrative departments and their staff shall consciously accept the supervision of society and citizens when performing their duties. Units and individuals have the right to report violations of this law to the people’s governments at higher levels and their health administrative departments. The relevant people’s government or its health administrative department that receives the report shall promptly investigate and deal with it.

Chapter VII Safeguard Measures

　　Article 59 The State shall incorporate the prevention and control of infectious diseases into the national economic and social development plan, and the local people’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the prevention and control of infectious diseases into the national economic and social development plan of their respective administrative regions.

　　Article 60 Local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the daily expenses for the prevention, control and supervision of infectious diseases within their respective administrative areas in accordance with the responsibilities of the governments at the corresponding levels.

　　The administrative department of health of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council, determines the national infectious disease prevention, control, treatment, monitoring, prediction, early warning, supervision and inspection projects according to the epidemic trend of infectious diseases. The central government grants subsidies to the implementation of major infectious disease prevention and control projects in difficult areas.

　　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall, according to the epidemic trend of infectious diseases within their respective administrative areas, determine the prevention, control and supervision of infectious diseases within the scope of the projects determined by the health administrative department of the State Council, and guarantee the implementation funds of the projects.

　　Article 61 The State strengthens the construction of the system for the prevention and control of infectious diseases at the grass-roots level, and supports the prevention and control of infectious diseases in poverty-stricken areas and ethnic minority areas.

　　Local people’s governments at all levels shall guarantee the funds for the prevention of infectious diseases in urban communities and rural grassroots.

　　Article 62 The state provides medical assistance to people in need suffering from specific infectious diseases, and reduces or exempts medical expenses. The specific measures shall be formulated by the health administrative department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council.

　　Article 63 The people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for storing medicines, medical devices and other materials for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases for use.

　　Article 64 The relevant units shall, in accordance with the provisions of the state, take effective health protection measures and medical and health care measures and give appropriate allowances to the personnel engaged in the prevention, medical treatment, scientific research, teaching and on-site treatment of epidemic situations, as well as other personnel exposed to infectious disease pathogens in production and work.

Chapter VIII Legal Liability

　　Article 65 Where local people’s governments at various levels fail to perform their reporting duties in accordance with the provisions of this Law, or conceal, falsely report or delay reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, or fail to organize timely treatment and take control measures when infectious diseases break out and spread, the people’s governments at higher levels shall order them to make corrections, informed criticism; Causing the spread, epidemic or other serious consequences of infectious diseases, the responsible person in charge shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 66 Where the administrative department of health of the people’s government at or above the county level violates the provisions of this Law and has any of the following circumstances, the administrative department of health of the people’s government at the same level or the people’s government at a higher level shall order it to make corrections, informed criticism; Causing the spread, epidemic or other serious consequences of infectious diseases, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　　(1) Failing to perform the duty of informing, reporting or publishing the epidemic situation of infectious diseases according to law, or concealing, making false reports or delaying reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases;

　　　(2) Failing to take timely preventive and control measures when the spread of infectious diseases occurs or may occur;

　　　(three) failing to perform the duties of supervision and inspection according to law, or failing to investigate and deal with illegal acts in time;

　　　(4) Failing to investigate and deal with the reports of units and individuals that the health administrative departments at lower levels fail to perform their duties of prevention and control of infectious diseases;

　　　(5) Other dereliction of duty or dereliction of duty in violation of this Law.

　　Article 67 If the relevant departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level fail to perform their duties of prevention and protection of infectious diseases in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the relevant departments of the people’s governments at the same level or at higher levels shall order them to make corrections, informed criticism; Causing the spread, epidemic or other serious consequences of infectious diseases, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 68 If a disease prevention and control institution violates the provisions of this Law and has any of the following circumstances, the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections within a time limit, and informed criticism shall give it a warning; The responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished by demotion, dismissal and expulsion according to law, and the practice certificate of the relevant responsible personnel may be revoked according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　　(a) failing to perform the duties of monitoring infectious diseases according to law;

　　　(2) Failing to perform the duties of reporting and informing the epidemic situation of infectious diseases according to law, or concealing, making false reports or delaying reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases;

　　　(three) did not take the initiative to collect information on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, or did not timely analyze, investigate and verify the information and report on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases;

　　　(4) Failing to take the measures prescribed in this Law in time according to the duties when discovering the epidemic situation of infectious diseases;

　　　(5) Deliberately disclosing personal privacy-related information and materials of patients with infectious diseases, pathogen carriers, suspected patients with infectious diseases and close contacts.

　　Article 69 If a medical institution violates the provisions of this Law and is under any of the following circumstances, the administrative department of health of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, and informed criticism shall give it a warning; Causing the spread, epidemic or other serious consequences of infectious diseases, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished by demotion, dismissal and expulsion according to law, and the practice certificate of the relevant responsible personnel may be revoked according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　　(1) Failing to undertake the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the unit, the task of hospital infection control and the prevention of infectious diseases in the responsible area in accordance with the regulations;

　　　(two) failing to report the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in accordance with the provisions, or concealing, making false reports or delaying the reporting of the epidemic situation of infectious diseases;

　　　(3) failing to provide medical aid, on-site rescue, consultation and referral to patients with infectious diseases or suspected infectious diseases in accordance with the regulations when the epidemic situation of infectious diseases is discovered, or refusing to accept referral;

　　(four) failing to disinfect or dispose of the places, articles and medical wastes contaminated by infectious disease pathogens in the unit in accordance with the regulations;

　　(five) failing to disinfect medical devices in accordance with the regulations, or failing to destroy and reuse medical devices used once in accordance with the regulations;

　　　(six) failing to keep medical records in accordance with the provisions in the process of medical treatment;

　　　(7) Deliberately disclosing personal privacy-related information and materials of patients with infectious diseases, pathogen carriers, suspected patients with infectious diseases and close contacts.

　　Article 70 If a blood collection and supply institution fails to report the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in accordance with the provisions, or conceals, falsely reports or delays reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases, or fails to implement the relevant provisions of the state, resulting in the occurrence of blood-borne diseases caused by blood transfusion, the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections, and informed criticism shall give it a warning; Causing the spread, epidemic or other serious consequences of infectious diseases, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished by demotion, dismissal and expulsion according to law, and the practice license of blood collection and supply institutions may be revoked according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Those who illegally collect blood or organize others to sell blood shall be banned by the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level, their illegal income shall be confiscated, and they may be fined not more than 100,000 yuan; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 71 If the frontier health and quarantine organ or animal epidemic prevention agency fails to perform the duty of reporting the epidemic situation of infectious diseases according to law, the relevant departments shall order it to make corrections within the scope of their respective duties, informed criticism; Causing the spread, epidemic or other serious consequences of infectious diseases, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given the punishment of demotion, dismissal and expulsion according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Article 72 Where railway, transportation and civil aviation business units fail to give priority to transporting personnel dealing with infectious diseases and drugs and medical devices for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the relevant departments shall order them to make corrections within a time limit and give them a warning; If serious consequences are caused, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be punished by demotion, dismissal and expulsion according to law.

　　Article 73 Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, has caused or may cause the spread and epidemic of infectious diseases under any of the following circumstances shall be ordered by the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections within a time limit, his illegal income shall be confiscated, and he may also be fined not more than 50,000 yuan. If a license has been obtained, the original license issuing department may temporarily suspend or revoke the license according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　(a) the drinking water supplied by the drinking water supply unit does not meet the national hygiene standards and hygiene norms;

　　(two) the products related to the hygiene and safety of drinking water do not meet the national hygiene standards and hygiene norms;

　　(three) disinfection products used for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases does not meet the national health standards and health norms;

　　(4) selling or transporting articles contaminated or possibly contaminated by infectious disease pathogens in epidemic areas without disinfection;

　　(five) the blood products produced by the biological products production unit do not meet the national quality standards.

　　Article 74 Anyone who violates the provisions of this Law under any of the following circumstances shall be ordered by the health administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, and informed criticism shall give a warning. If a permit has been obtained, it may be temporarily suspended or revoked according to law; Causing the spread and epidemic of infectious diseases and other serious consequences, the responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given the punishment of demotion, dismissal and expulsion according to law, and the practice certificate of the relevant responsible personnel may be revoked according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　　(a) disease prevention and control institutions, medical institutions and units engaged in pathogenic microorganism experiments do not meet the conditions and technical standards prescribed by the state, and the samples of infectious disease pathogens are not strictly managed in accordance with the regulations, resulting in laboratory infection and the spread of pathogenic microorganisms;

　　(two) in violation of the relevant provisions of the state, collecting, preserving, carrying, transporting and using infectious disease strains, viruses and infectious disease detection samples;

　　(3) Disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions fail to implement the relevant provisions of the state, resulting in the occurrence of blood-borne diseases caused by blood transfusion and use of blood products.

　　Article 75 Anyone who sells or transports wild animals, livestock and poultry related to zoonotic infectious diseases without quarantine inspection shall be ordered by the animal husbandry and veterinary administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act and be given administrative punishment according to law.

　　Article 76 If large-scale construction projects such as water conservancy, transportation, tourism and energy are built in natural foci confirmed by the state, and the construction has not been carried out by health investigation, or necessary measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases have not been taken according to the opinions of disease prevention and control institutions, the health administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level shall order it to make corrections within a time limit, give it a warning and impose a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan; If no correction is made within the time limit, a fine of not less than 30,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan may be imposed, and the relevant people’s government may be requested to stop construction and close down according to its functions and powers.

　　Article 77 Units and individuals that violate the provisions of this Law, resulting in the spread and epidemic of infectious diseases and causing damage to others’ lives and property shall bear civil liability according to law.

Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 78 The meanings of the following terms in this Law:

　　(1) Infectious disease patients and suspected infectious disease patients: refer to those who meet the diagnostic criteria of infectious disease patients and suspected infectious disease patients according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Infectious Diseases Managed by the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in People’s Republic of China (PRC) issued by the health administrative department of the State Council.

　　(2) Pathogen carrier: refers to a person who has no clinical symptoms but can excrete pathogens.

　　(3) Epidemiological investigation: it refers to the investigation and study on the distribution and determinants of diseases or health status in the population, and puts forward disease prevention and control measures and health care countermeasures.

　　(4) Epidemic focus: refers to a small or single epidemic focus where pathogens spread from the source of infection to the surrounding areas.

　　(5) Epidemic area: refers to the area where infectious diseases break out and spread among people and their pathogens can spread to the surrounding areas.

　　(6) zoonotic infectious diseases: refer to infectious diseases that people and vertebrates suffer together, such as plague, rabies, schistosomiasis, etc.

　　(7) Natural focus: refers to an area where some pathogens that can cause human infectious diseases exist and circulate in wild animals in nature for a long time.

　　(8) Vector organisms refer to organisms that can transmit pathogens from humans or other animals to humans, such as mosquitoes, flies and fleas.

　　(9) Iatrogenic infection refers to the infection caused by the spread of pathogens in medical services.

　　(10) Nosocomial infection: refers to the infection acquired by inpatients in the hospital, including the infection during hospitalization and the infection after discharge in the hospital, but excluding the infection that started before admission or was in the incubation period when admission. The infection acquired by hospital staff in the hospital is also a hospital infection.

　　(eleven) laboratory infection: refers to the infection caused by contact with pathogens when engaged in laboratory work.

　　(12) strains and viruses: refer to bacterial strains and virus viruses that may cause infectious diseases as stipulated in this Law.

　　(13) Disinfection means killing or eliminating pathogenic microorganisms in the environment by chemical, physical and biological methods.

　　(14) Disease prevention and control institutions: refers to disease prevention and control centers engaged in disease prevention and control activities and units with the same business activities as the above-mentioned institutions.

　　(15) Medical institutions refer to institutions that have obtained the practice license of medical institutions and engaged in disease diagnosis and treatment activities in accordance with the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions.

　　Article 79 The provisions of other relevant laws and administrative regulations shall apply to the management of food, medicines, blood, water, medical wastes and pathogenic microorganisms, animal epidemic prevention and frontier health quarantine in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, which are not provided for in this Law.

　　Article 80 This Law shall come into force as of December 1, 2004.

Ziyun, a New Yulan Variety

　　A New Magnolia Cultivar Zichen

　　Bingxing, a new species of Rosa

　　What is the right to new plant varieties?

　　The right to new plant varieties refers to the exclusive right to use the varieties authorized by the units or individuals who have completed breeding, which belongs to the category of intellectual property rights. A new plant variety refers to a new plant variety that has been cultivated artificially or developed from the discovered wild plants, and has novelty, specificity, consistency and stability, and has an appropriate name.

　　The ultimate goal of protecting the right of new plant varieties is to encourage more organizations and individuals to invest in the field of plant breeding, which is conducive to breeding and popularizing more new plant varieties, promoting the construction of seed engineering in China and promoting the continuous development of agricultural and forestry production.

　　How to apply for new plant varieties?

　　The acceptance, examination and authorization of the application for new plant varieties shall be the responsibility of the Office for the Protection of New Plant Varieties of the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau. The application follows the principle of first come, first served. After the new variety discoverer submits the information such as words and pictures, relevant experts will go to the site for observation. When the test results pass the expert review and remain stable within the specified time, the application may be passed.

　　Princess, Green Feather, Love, Lingnan Yuanbao, Tan 07413, Ice Star, Caiyun Perfume No.1, Ms. Rococo, lovely ice cream, excellent, red and black … …

　　What do you think of after reading the above phrases? In fact, they are all plant names!

　　In September this year, the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau announced the list of the first batch of "new plant variety rights" granted in 2019, including the above-mentioned 214 new plant variety rights.

　　Is the new plant variety right a new plant species? Will the value of authorized new plant varieties rise? A few days ago, a reporter from Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star walked into the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Bureau to reveal this "plant patent".

　　one

　　The process is similar to patent application.

　　By the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau of new plant varieties protection office.

　　"Previous names may be more derived from the special shapes or colors of plants." The relevant staff of the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Forestry and Grassland Bureau said that it is similar to the powder cloud, purple rhyme and purple Chen identified this time. In addition, adding numbers to words is also one of the common ways, such as Rejia No.13, Rejia No.14 and Rejia No.17 identified this time.

　　With the opening of people’s minds, more and more personalized names appear on the list of "authorized new plant varieties", such as cute ice cream, handsome guy tie, Yunxiangrong and so on. The staff said that in principle, as long as there is no duplication with the existing name, the discoverer can name it according to his own wishes without violating the relevant requirements.

　　Naming sounds a bit capricious, but it is not easy to get authorization if you want to apply for approval. The staff pointed to the application date column on the list and said that the growth cycle of various plants is different, so the time from the beginning of application to the final approval is different. Among the new variety rights passed this time, the earliest application date is December 1, 2012, and the latest application date is August 29, 2018.

　　"The application process is similar to applying for a patent." The staff explained that the acceptance, examination and authorization of applications for new plant varieties are the responsibility of the Plant New Variety Protection Office of the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau. The application follows the principle of first come, first served. After the new variety discoverer submits the information such as words and pictures, relevant experts will go to the site for observation. When the test results pass the expert review and remain stable within the specified time, the application may be passed.

　　2

　　The right to new varieties is not equal to the discovery of new varieties.

　　It may be a wild mutation, or it may come from artificial culture.

　　"Authorization of new plant varieties does not mean the discovery of new species." The staff said that taking the new variety named "Wang Fei" as an example, its genus (species) is Rosa, and Rosa includes rose, rose and Qilixiang. "Princess" may be a rose with unique new characteristics, such as color or flower shape. But it is only a new variety of roses, not a new species.

　　The characteristics that it shows, which are different from other roses, may come from artificial culture, or it may be that wild roses in nature have mutated. "So the new variety right we are talking about now is more based on the discoveries of botanists in the past." The staff said that it is basically difficult to find new species of plants now, and most of them have been discovered and named by predecessors.

　　Discovering new plant species will help people deepen their understanding of nature. What is the significance of discovering or artificially cultivating new plant species? The staff said that in fact, everyone has been doing this for a long time, just like the merchants in the market take different names for different roses. They are for commercial purposes, and the official began to grant the right to new plant varieties when China joined the WTO.

　　"At first, foreign flower companies proposed that new plant varieties also need authorization protection similar to the copyright of books and audio-visual products." The staff said that foreign companies can also apply for the right to new varieties in China. In the list published this year, there are companies from the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and other countries. The reason is simple, that is, new plant varieties also have patent rights and are protected by law. However, this kind of patent right is not as easy to realize as the copyright of books and audio-visual products at present because of some characteristics of plants themselves.

　　three

　　Eight authorized new varieties in Sichuan.

　　The right to new varieties in the future may determine the lifeline of the industry

　　"The applicants this time can be roughly divided into two categories." The staff said that one is a commercial company in the flower and seedling industry, and the other is a flower and seedling research institute. Commercial companies are naturally driven by interests, and the prices of authorized new varieties will definitely increase, and more importantly, they will be protected by law. And research institutions are more focused on the future patent reserves. Just like many technology companies, they have applied for many patents at present, which can not be realized for the time being and can not be applied to actual production. But no one knows whether these patents will become important key technologies in the future. Up to now, there are 8 new varieties of forestry plants authorized by the state in Sichuan, which are still in their infancy.

　　"Regionality is an important limiting factor." The staff said that the same new plant variety planted in different places may have different results, which has a great impact on the commercial promotion of new varieties. Most people don’t want to take risks with great value, preferring local mature varieties. At the same time, the introduction of new varieties may also cause the invasion of alien species. Therefore, the right to new plant varieties and the copyright of books and audio-visual products are very different in actual operation.

　　"The right to new plant varieties contains the wisdom and sweat of the discoverer", and the plant copyright seems to be a blue ocean with reefs. In the future, some new variety rights may become the "chip" of flower and seedling industry and determine the lifeline of the industry. Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star Journalist Lin Cong Ye Yan

　　[car home Information] Recently, Changan Mazda announced the third preview of its brand-new model. According to the description of Zhu Huarong, the chairman of Changan Automobile, Changan Mazda’s internal code J90A model is expected to be officially released at the 2024 Beijing Auto Show. According to the time node, the current forecast model should be J90A, and there are still a few days before the opening of the Beijing Auto Show on April 25th. During this stage, Changan Mazda will gradually spoil the detailed pictures of the products and preheat the products.

"The third preview"

　　The third picture released this time shows the details of the front door of the vehicle. Against the background of the lighting, it can be seen that it has a strong waistline and body lines. Like other Mazda models, it can show the dynamic beauty by relying on the body lines. At the same time, you can also see chrome-plated decorative strips on the door.

"The first preview"

　　Judging from the first preview before, the new car is a sedan with a large wheelbase. Visually, it will be a medium-sized or above car. The second preview shows the taillight style of the new car, which adopts the through taillight design. The taillight looks three-dimensional, the LOGO is suspected to be embedded in the center of the taillight, and the upper part has a duck-tail design.

"The second preview"

　　According to China Trademark Network, Mazda has applied for two brand-new trademarks "MAZDA EZ-6" and "MAZDA EZ-60" in China. The new trademarks are reserved for a brand-new pure electric vehicle jointly developed by Mazda and Changan. Among them, the first model with internal code name J90A will be released at the 2024 Beijing Auto Show.

　　Mazda’s internal code-named J90A and J90A-REEV will be built based on Changan EPA hybrid platform, which is compatible with pure electric power and extended range power. Two new cars with internal codes J90K and J90K-REEV were launched in 2025; In 2026, NEV SUV and NEV CAR are planned. Therefore, "MAZDA EZ-6" and "MAZDA EZ-60" trademarks may mean that Mazda’s new energy products will have a brand-new naming system.

　　Regarding the brand cooperation between Changan and Mazda, Zhu Huarong, the chairman of Changan Automobile, said that the two sides would establish a closer communication mechanism. In addition to J90A (internal code new model) and J90K, the third and fourth new cars will be built in the cooperation project. It is estimated that 3-4 electrified products will be built in the next five years. (Text/car home Qin Chao)