The wind blows the rice waves and the fragrance bursts. In Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, Anhui Province, Yan Jinchang, the leader of the big contract, likes to wander around the ridge in his spare time. At that time, in order to get enough food and clothing, the red handprint was pressed to ensure the production of households; Now, heading for common prosperity, this land is a new story of rural revitalization.
In Xiaogang Village today, the ownership of 21,320 mu of village collective land and the right to contracted management of 13,700 mu of rural land have been fully certified. After the land transfer, Yan Jinchang, who was nearly eighty years old, was bent on operating the farmhouse music, and made 26 tables from 4 tables with an annual income of more than 300,000 yuan.
Rural basic management system is the institutional basis of rural revitalization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that the basic management system in rural areas should be consolidated and improved, and the road of common prosperity should be taken.
From Jiangnan water town to Baishan Songshui, from solidly promoting rural land system reform to steadily promoting rural collective property rights system reform, the notes of rural reform converge into a moving melody. From more than 200 million farmers receiving the land contractual management right certificate and eating the "reassurance", the ownership of collective property rights is clearer, farmers have more property rights, and farmers are strengthened, benefiting farmers and enriching farmers, and a magnificent picture of common prosperity is spread on the vast fertile fields.
Get the "red notebook" and eat the "reassurance"
"Without the land contractual management right certificate, there would not be our development scale today." Jin Jiazheng, deputy general manager of Hubei Jinlin Original Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., who has been engaged in animal husbandry for more than 20 years, said that the first five years were very difficult. "It is difficult to get enough loans when contracting 1,000 mu of land."
The turnaround stems from the exploration of rural property rights transactions. Wuhan Rural Comprehensive Property Rights Exchange was listed, and began to test the market-oriented transactions of rural production factors, exploring and innovating rural land transfer, management rights loans and other services.
"The entry transaction is open and transparent, eliminating the cumbersome procedures. Moreover, with authoritative certification, our agricultural facilities have value and can be attached to business warrants for mortgage loans. " Jin Jiazheng sighed, "This decade has become more and more smooth!"
In the factory area, the trees are lined with streets. "We insist on green farming, and animal manure is converted into organic fertilizer to nourish tea gardens and fruit forests." Jin Jiazheng said, "We obtained a bank credit of 123 million yuan through the mortgage guarantee of the land contractual management right certificate."
In July 2013, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Wuhan Rural Comprehensive Property Rights Exchange. "The general secretary listened to the report on the exploration of rural property rights transactions, talked with the staff and farmers who came to handle the verification procedures of property rights transfer transactions, and asked in detail about the specific process of property rights transactions, which was considered to be a positive exploration." Gui Ling, deputy general manager of Wuhan Rural Comprehensive Property Rights Exchange, still remembers the scene of the general secretary’s inspection.
"The general secretary exhorted us to deepen rural reform and improve the basic management system in rural areas. We should study the relationship among rural land ownership, contracting rights and management rights. Land transfer should respect farmers’ wishes, ensure basic farmland and food security, and be conducive to increasing farmers’ income." Gui Ling said.
Every once in a while, Gui Ling will go to the countryside to investigate and explore the innovation of the "separation of the three powers" mechanism of rural land ownership, contracting rights and management rights. "Listening to the wishes of farmers has benefited a lot. For example, the land transfer contract should set up an increasing rent clause, which originated from the people and benefited the people."
More than 70 rural property rights trading markets in cities and counties have been built in Hubei province, and various effective management rights transfer modes such as exchange, lease, auction and custody have been explored.
In October 2016, the Central Office and the State Council issued the Opinions on Improving the Separation of Rural Land Ownership, Contracting Rights and Management Rights. Dividing the contracted management right of rural land into contracting right and management right, and implementing the separation and parallelism of ownership, contracting right and management right is another major institutional innovation in China’s rural reform after the household contract responsibility system, and it is the self-improvement of the rural basic management system.
At present, more than 200 million farmers across the country have received certificates of land contractual management rights, and 1.5 billion mu of contracted land has been confirmed to households. After the second round of land contract expires, the pilot project will be extended for another 30 years in an orderly manner. With the "red book", contracted farmers can have a "reassuring" and can transfer the land management right with more confidence. By the end of 2021, the transfer area of household contracted farmland in China has exceeded 555 million mu.
Walking into Tantou Village, Zishan Town, Yudu County, Jiangxi Province, white-walled Daiwa dwellings are strung around the village water system, and the contiguous paddy fields and water towns attract many tourists.
"Implementing collective ownership, stabilizing farmers’ contracting rights, and releasing land management rights will make the village more dynamic!" Liu Lianyun, secretary of the general branch of the village party, said, "In 2016, the land in Tantou Village was confirmed to be certified, and farmers could grow their own plants or choose to transfer their management rights. Now, the village concentrates on developing selenium-enriched industries and tourism industries. "
At noon, the selenium-enriched canteen, which can accommodate more than 600 people, was full. "Rest assured to eat! They are all self-produced selenium-enriched vegetables. " The waiter said enthusiastically.
Villager Li Junming operated a drone to spray water-soluble fertilizer. "Not boasting, the level of agricultural machinery I use is countless in the county!" More than 300 mu of land has been transferred from Li Junming, and the double-cropping rice planted has become a landscape in Tantou Village.
Unlike Li Junming, Sun Guanfa, a villager who is over 70 years old, has already transferred 4 mu of paddy fields, so he can’t plant any more. After the transfer, an acre of land can earn 500 kilograms of millet money and more than 100 yuan of subsidies, which is cost-effective and labor-saving. " Sun Guanfa laughed.
Sun Guan found that in operating a canteen and a homestay, the two incomes are almost 100,000 yuan a year. Last year, all his grandchildren went to school in the county, but the old man was reluctant to leave: "Now the days in the countryside are quite comfortable."
Just then, another guest came to the door. Sun Guanfa made several cups of hot tea and stood up warmly to greet him.
Cultivate new business entities and develop moderate scale operations.
On the soft and fertile black soil, the thick corn stalks are higher than people. Standing in the core demonstration area of the national standardized production base of one million mu of green food raw materials (corn) in Lishu County, Jilin Province, pointing to the straw in the field, Wang Guiman, the stationmaster of Lishu County Agricultural Technology Extension Station, said, "Returning the straw to the field and giving it to the black land ‘ Cover the quilt ’ 。”
After nearly 40 years of extension of dry agricultural technology, Wang Guiman witnessed the change of black land: with the improvement of the system of "separation of powers", new agricultural business entities such as farmers’ cooperatives have emerged constantly, thus giving birth to the "pear tree model" with the whole mechanized conservation tillage technology as the key. In recent years, the "pear tree model" has been spreading, and the area promoted in the county has increased from 1.5 million mu in 2020 to 2.8 million mu this year.
At noon, I walked into the courtyard of Lu Wei Agricultural Machinery Farmers’ Professional Cooperative in Lishu County and saw more than ten large-scale machinery lined up, which was quite spectacular.
In July, 2020, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited the Luwei Agricultural Machinery Farmers’ Professional Cooperative in Balimiao Village, Kangping Street, Lishu County.
Recalling the general secretary’s visit, Lu Wei’s pride was beyond words: "The general secretary said: ‘ Your exploration is very meaningful, and you have embarked on a cooperative development path that suits you, and the level of agricultural science and technology, farmers’ scientific and technological quality and agricultural production efficiency have been greatly improved. ’”
"I want to report to the general secretary that our cooperative has grown again! Land circulation expanded by 30 hectares last year, and all of them were put on large-scale agricultural machinery, which not only saved costs, but also greatly reduced the damage to the soil. " Lu Wei said.
Wang Xiaopeng, a villager in Balimiao Village, used to work in the city, and his wife planted the farmland. When he was busy with farming, he had to "run at both ends", but Wang Xiaopeng never wanted to transfer the cultivated land. "I don’t plant it myself, I feel uneasy!" After the establishment of the Agricultural Machinery Farmers’ Professional Cooperative, Lu Wei saw that the income of farmers who joined the cooperative increased substantially, but the labor intensity was greatly reduced. He also took out 13.5 mu of contracted cultivated land and joined the cooperative. Today, the couple not only don’t worry about farming, but also got a dividend of more than 10 thousand yuan last year.
In Luwei Agricultural Machinery Farmers’ Professional Cooperative, the net income of farmers who join the cooperative is more than 10,000 yuan per acre of land (local equivalent to 15 mu), and participating farmers can also work in the cooperative, with an average annual labor income of over 20,000 yuan. At present, there are more than 200 large-scale cooperatives in Lishu County.
"Big country and small farmers" is the basic national condition of our country, and small-scale family management is the original system of agriculture. According to the requirements of practical development, all localities have enriched the effective forms of collective ownership, farmers’ contracting rights and land management rights, promoted the optimal allocation of rural land resources, actively cultivated new agricultural business entities, developed and strengthened agricultural socialized service organizations, encouraged and supported the majority of small farmers to take the road of development combined with modern agriculture, so that the basic rural management system has always been full of vitality, and constantly created favorable conditions for promoting rural comprehensive revitalization and realizing agricultural and rural modernization.
"Sunshine rose grapes, delicious and not expensive!" Jiang Wen, a Shanghai tourist who experienced the fun of picking, blurted out in front of the live camera of Ye Minglan, a family farmer, with a hand full of shopping bags in the Sijichun Modern Efficient Agricultural Park in Xianfeng Village, Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province.
Ye Minglan, who is well-known in ten miles and eight townships, has now become a familiar netizen for online customers.
Starting from a generation of "strawberry greenhouses", Ye Minglan made steady progress. Through the transfer of land, the elevated strawberry has been expanded from 6 mu to 12 mu, and the grape planting has been expanded to 100 mu. The first generation of small short sheds has long since disappeared, and the multi-span greenhouses are shining in the sun, and the average income per mu has increased to 20,000 yuan.
In Lianhe Village, Yongning Street, Pukou District, Nanjing, more than 100 kilometers away from Xianfeng Village, villager Kang Guanghui taps his mobile phone, and the water quality, oxygen content and temperature in the shrimp pond can be seen at a glance. Then he can add oxygen remotely. "The mobile phone is my new farm tool!"
"In 2020, I transferred 170 mu of ponds at a price of 1240 yuan per mu and signed a three-year contract." Kang Guanghui said frankly that he didn’t have the confidence in the past.
"In the past, the pond was not even a piece, and the wishes of farmers were constantly changing. Who dared to take risks? Only a few acres of ponds can be guarded. " Kang Guanghui smiled. "Now we have adopted information technology, and we have invested 300,000 shrimps per mu, more than twice as much as in the past. In that year, the average profit per mu could reach more than 4,000 yuan."
With nine farmers around him, Kang Guanghui embarked on the road of raising shrimp to get rich. In a United village, the industrial income of freshwater shrimp is close to 60 million yuan, and the per capita income of villagers reaches 32,700 yuan.
In recent years, all localities have made great efforts to cultivate new business entities and service entities, developed various forms of moderate scale operations according to local conditions, and effectively solved the problems of "who will plant the land" and "how to plant the land". At present, there are more than 2.2 million farmers’ cooperatives registered in accordance with the law, 3.9 million family farms have been included in the national family farm directory system, and 955,000 agricultural socialized service organizations have been established.
Deepen the reform of collective property rights and develop a new collective economy.
Drive to Jialongtang Village, Mugang Town, Liuzhi Special Zone, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, climb high and look far, and the kiwifruit vines weave a vibrant 10,000-mu kiwifruit orchard.
Fang Guoming, a 52-year-old villager, is weeding under the vine. Just three years ago, she and the villagers in the village also planted corn and potatoes in the cracks of the stone, and an acre of land was busy for more than 500 yuan a year.
Asked her to calculate the current income account again, Fang Guoming grinned: "If nothing else, the kiwifruit orchard base works, with a monthly labor income of more than 2,000 yuan, and a transfer rent of 3,000 yuan for 3 mu of land, and there will be dividends in two years."
In Jialongtang Village, many villagers, like Fang Guoming, enjoy the dividends brought by the "three changes" reform of changing resources into assets, funds into shares and farmers into shareholders.
As early as 2014, Liupanshui City began to explore the "three changes" reform: starting with promoting the reform of rural property rights system, adopting the methods of stock conversion and incremental share allotment to make sleeping resources alive; Take centralized investment, industry-driven, farmers benefit and other ways to maximize the benefits of the use of funds, so that scattered funds can gather together; Through the development of scale, industrialization and marketization, funds will flow in the market, the distribution ratio of farmers in land value-added income will be increased, and farmers will be rich. Through the "three changes" reform, in 2021, 274,600 farmers in the city received a dividend of 1,052 yuan, and the village collective economy accumulated 776 million yuan.
"The construction of this 10,000-mu kiwifruit orchard project is ‘ Three changes ’ An innovation in reform. " Peng Jiaguo, director of the "Three Changes" Reform Office of Liuzhi Special Zone, said, "Integrate the special funds for agriculture at the provincial, municipal and county levels, incite banks and social capital of 108 million yuan, and farmers will become shareholders with factors such as land and their own funds to achieve a win-win situation." For the project with a total investment of 180 million yuan, after the kiwifruit is harvested, all parties will pay dividends according to their shares, and more than 6,900 farmers will benefit from it.
Strengthening the rural collective economy is an important way to lead farmers to achieve common prosperity. At the Central Rural Work Conference held at the end of 2017, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to steadily promote the reform of rural collective property rights system, comprehensively carry out assets verification, confirm identity and quantify shares, promote the transformation of resources into assets, funds into shares, and farmers into shareholders, and establish a new mechanism for collective economic operation that meets the requirements of market economy, ensure the preservation and appreciation of collective assets, ensure farmers’ benefits, enhance the vitality of collective economic development, and enhance the cohesion and combat effectiveness of rural grassroots party organizations.
All localities continue to promote the reform of rural collective property rights system, develop and expand the new rural collective economy, and promote farmers’ common prosperity.
"Grasping reform, strengthening the collective and enriching farmers is the main theme of the development of our village." Gao Demin, secretary of the Party Committee of Zhanqi Village, Pidu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, said that Zhanqi Village has established a village collective asset management company, and 1,704 villagers have become "shareholders", and the pace of development is getting faster and faster.
The cultural tourism complex "Eighteen Villages", Zhanqi Rural Revitalization Training College and Yili Snack Street have been completed one after another, and the country hotel will also open this year … … One by one, new industry landmarks and new cultural tourism scenes have made tourists raise their mobile phones to take pictures.
Walking into the "Eighteen Villages", the "Tangchang Tofu" store run by villager Yuan Zhijian is very lively. More than 10 varieties of douban, bean curd, etc., can have a turnover of more than 3,000 yuan a day on holidays. "You don’t have to pay the store rent. The village collective and the villagers are joint ventures. As long as I produce products, I earn 10% of the money and give it to the collective." Yuan Zhijian introduced.
The "Eighteen Villages" was built with a collective investment of 10 million yuan from each village in Zhanqi. The village collective participates in the store’s operating income dividends, part of which is used as the village collective development fund, and the rest is distributed to the villagers by shares.
Today, more than 700 villagers work in village collective enterprises or engage in self-employment, and 200 people from surrounding villages have been employed. What makes Gao De more sensitive and happy is that young people have a tendency to return home.
Zhanqi village is rich. From 2018 to 2021, the village collective assets doubled and entered the ranks of 100 million villages. In 2021, the annual income of village collective economy was 6.8 million yuan, and the annual per capita disposable income of villagers reached 35,500 yuan.
Two years ago, the neighboring Jinxing Village was merged into Zhanqi Village. "95% of the villagers agreed to implement reforms in Jinxing Village according to the development model of Zhanqi Village. We must let the merged Zhanqi Village take the road of common prosperity and become a banner for rural revitalization. " Gao Demin said.
Reform is an important magic weapon for rural revitalization. At present, the phased task of the reform of rural collective property rights system in China has been basically completed, the ownership of collective property rights has become clearer, and farmers have more property rights. Villages are making great efforts towards the goal of common prosperity.
(Reporters Wang Weijian, Zhu Dawei, Fan Haotian, Song Haoxin, Su Bin and Tian Advanced participated in the writing)
