The history of human use of food additives is as long as the history of human civilization. The use history of food additives in China can be traced back to Dawenkou culture period 6000 years ago. At that time, invertase (sucrase) in brewing yeast was food additive, belonging to food enzyme preparation. More than 2000 years ago, tofu was ordered with "brine". In essence, brine is a food additive and belongs to food coagulant. Recently, food additives have once again attracted attention. In order to help consumers understand food additives scientifically, the following scientific interpretations are made.

　　What is a food additive?

　　Food additives refer to artificial or natural substances added to food to improve the quality, color, aroma and taste of food and to meet the needs of preservation, preservation and processing technology. Food additives can be produced by chemical synthesis, biological fermentation or natural extraction. There are about 15,000 kinds of food additives approved in the world. At present, there are more than 2,300 kinds of food additives approved for use in China, which are divided into 22 categories according to their functions. The common ones are antioxidants, leavening agents, colorants, preservatives, sweeteners and food spices.

　　The use of food additives improves the quality of products, enriches the types of food, and meets the diversified consumption needs of consumers. Without food additives, there would be no modern food industry.Food additives mainly have the following functions:

　　one

　　Maintain or improve the nutritional value of food itself;

　　2

　　As an essential ingredient or ingredient in some foods for special dietary uses;

　　three

　　Improve the quality and stability of food and improve its sensory characteristics;

　　four

　　It is convenient for food production, processing, packaging, transportation or storage.

　　For example, antioxidants are added to edible oil to delay or hinder the oxidation of oil; Colorants are added to candy to give it a good color.

　　Rational use of food additives will not affect human health.

　　In order to protect consumers’ health, the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations have set up a special Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), which is responsible for establishing globally unified principles and methods for food safety risk assessment of food additives, and conducting food safety risk assessment of food additives at the international level. Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) has established the international standards for the use of food additives (not mandatory). China, as the host country of Codex Alimentarius Commission on International Food Additives, is in line with international standards, and carries out food safety risk assessment of food additives in combination with the actual production and use of domestic food additives and food consumption data of residents.

　　The current National Standard for Food Safety-Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB 2760-2014) stipulates the principles of use of food additives, the varieties of food additives allowed to be used, the scope of use and the maximum amount or residue.

　　The basic requirements that should be met when using food additives mainly include:

　　01

　　Should not cause any health hazards to the human body;

　　02

　　Food spoilage should not be concealed;

　　03

　　We should not cover up the quality defects of food itself or in the process of processing or use food additives for the purpose of doping, adulteration and forgery;

　　04

　　The nutritional value of food itself should not be reduced;

　　05

　　On the premise of achieving the expected effect, the amount used in food should be reduced as much as possible.

　　Foods that use food additives should be marked on food labels for consumers to clearly understand their consumption. But,Individual consumers are worried that if food additives are added to a variety of foods they eat every day, will it cause the total amount of a certain food additive to be excessive?Is it safe for children and other people to eat food containing food additives?In fact, the food safety risk assessment of food additives carried out in China when setting the maximum dosage of each food additive will consider the situation that people of different ages, regions and sexes eat a variety of foods a day and eat them for a long time. Therefore, the use of food additives in the specified range and dosage will not cause excessive intake and will not cause harm to human health. China has also carried out continuous and dynamic follow-up evaluation of food additives in use, re-evaluated food additives according to the latest research results at home and abroad, constantly adjusted the scope and dosage of use, and banned the use of some substances.

　　Food additives are not equal to illegal additives.

　　In accordance with the provisions of the Food Safety Law, China has established a series of food additives management systems.

　　01

　　Before listing

　　Implement a strict examination and approval system for food additives;

　　02

　　Production time

　　Implement a production license system for food additive manufacturers;

　　03

　　When in use

　　A food safety risk assessment system for food additives has been established, and more than 700 compulsory national food safety standards have been formulated, covering the use regulations, product requirements, production specifications, labeling and inspection methods of food additives.

　　In addition, the requirements for the production, operation and use of food additives, the corresponding supervision and management system, and the import and export management system of food additives have been established.

　　Food additives are safe under legal use. Up to now, none of the food safety incidents that have caused harm to human health in China are caused by the legal use of food additives.The illegal acts of "two excesses and one non-violation", such as using food additives beyond the scope and exceeding the limit and adding non-edible substances, are the causes of food safety problems.Melamine is not a food additive in the "melamine" milk powder incident! Sudan red is not a food additive in the "Sudan red duck egg" incident! Formalin is not a food additive in the "poisoned duck blood" incident! It is an illegal additive for food. China’s "Food Safety Law" explicitly prohibits the production and operation of foods that use food additives beyond the scope and beyond the limit; Foods produced with non-food raw materials or foods with chemicals other than food additives and other substances that may endanger human health.Food additives are completely different from illegal additives. Consumers don’t have to avoid food additives deliberately, but should treat them scientifically and rationally.In order to further crack down on the illegal addition of non-edible substances and the abuse of food additives in food production, sales and catering services, a series of special rectifications have been carried out throughout the country. In the past decade, six batches of List of Non-edible Substances and Food Additives that may be added illegally in food have been released one after another. At present, the relevant list is being further improved to ensure the safety of consumers.

　　Expert writer

　　Academician of Sun Baoguo China Academy of Engineering, Chairman chinese institute of food science and technology, President of Beijing Technology and Business University.

　　Cao Yanping Professor, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University

　　Director and researcher of the Standard Third Room of James Zhang Bo National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center.

　　Dean and Professor, Institute of Science and Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Zhao Liming

"Liangbisi" Architecture Diagram

Mr. Wang spent more than 70 thousand on a bunch of useless bottles and cans. Photography Huang Yimin

　　　 In a single room on the 15th floor of Zhongzhu Building, Yingbin South Road, Zhuhai City, people gathered here to receive "brainwashing". (pictures of unannounced visits)

　　　　The Information Times reported on September 11th that in the past two years, a Hong Kong company named "Liangbisi" has been active in the Pearl River Delta, asking for 5,000 yuan to join the club under the guise of essential oil, and the cost can be recovered by developing five offline companies, boasting about attracting people to join the club and setting a money trap everywhere. According to reports, the number of deceived people has reached 100,000, and the funds involved are as high as 7 billion. Every month, Zhuhai alone has millions of private capital flowing to Macau.

　　　　Compared with the traditional pyramid scheme, this big pyramid scheme has adopted a new mode of "two heads are out", which is to open a company in Hong Kong and pay money in Macao. The police are searching for evidence in many ways and calling on the masses to actively report it. Recently, the Times reporter made an unannounced visit to the "Liangbisi" stronghold, took risks to experience the "brainwashing class", and had a dialogue with Mr. Lin, a police informant, to expose the secret of the "Liangbisi" pyramid scheme from many aspects.

　　　　investigate privately/secretly/in secret

　　　　Get together and shout slogans to make money?

　　　　The reporter made an unannounced visit to the "Liang Bisi" stronghold and was followed by unidentified people.

　　　　At 2 o’clock in the afternoon the day before yesterday, the reporter and his party came to Zhongzhu Building in Yingbin South Road, Zhuhai City. The elevator rose to the 15th floor, and as soon as I got out of the elevator room, I heard bursts of slogans coming from the corridor. The reporter immediately understood that the trip was very "lucky" and was hitting the "training class" of "Liang Bisi", so he woke up and approached the room where the slogan was heard.

　　　　At the door of a company with the brand of "Zhuhai Jianx Trading Company", the reporter stopped. It was about 10 square meters, and it was crowded with more than 30 people, mostly women and many young men. It is impossible for reporters to get inside. From time to time, one or two people sweated through the crowd and shouted, "I want to come out and have a rest."

　　　　"My name is Jane, and everyone calls me Pearl Krabs. I’d like to share with you my experience after joining the cause of’ Bright Best’. I feel that my life has been meaningful since then. Thank you for giving me such a good opportunity … "Jane’s voice has not yet landed. Suddenly, a chorus of slogans broke out in the narrow room:" YES, it must be good! " More than 30 people in the room shouted slogans and held out their thumbs, which showed that it was a prescribed action. Another woman went on to say, "I must be an’ Earl’ (a level of MLM group) with a monthly income of over 10,000 yuan, so that my children can be proud of my achievements."

　　　　At this time, a 30-year-old man saw that the reporter on the side did not do anything, and immediately asked the reporter warily what he did. The reporter casually perfunctory him a few words, and they also shouted slogans with them. The reporter found that at least three independent rooms were doing the same thing on the same floor. You can make money by shouting slogans? The reporter was very puzzled.

　　　　The photographer in the same trade winked, and the reporter and his party walked into the elevator to leave. The elevator door was about to close, when a man quickly squeezed in. A "tail" came, and the reporter gave his companion a knowing look. Walking out of the building, a short man wearing sunglasses has been observing the interview car through the glass door and refused to leave for a long time. In order not to startle the snake, the reporter and his party bypassed several intersections to avoid these "tails".

　　　　Security camera, tight monitoring.

　　　　Then, the reporter and his party went to another stronghold of "Liangbisi"-a mansion on Baishi Road, Zhuhai. As soon as the reporter stepped into the lobby, a young man who had been sitting on the sofa with his eyes closed immediately perked up and took out a mobile phone from his pocket and sent a short message. Under the guidance of the insider, the reporter came to the door of a company called "Chuangye" on the second floor of the mansion. On the pretext of asking about the bathroom, the reporter looked at the company’s business license and related documents at the front desk of Chuangye Company. The insider quietly told reporters that in the past two days, the brand of this company was still "Xinji", and even the company name was changed in just two days.

　　　　The interview was difficult, so the reporter decided to divide the troops into two ways, all the way to distract each other’s attention and shoot secretly all the way. At this time, there was suddenly a security guard at the corner of the lobby. He stared at the screen tightly and shouted eagerly with a microphone: "No, someone is taking pictures outside!" " Unsurprisingly, since entering the lobby before, the reporters’ words and deeds are in each other’s hands.

　　　　A brainwashing class that makes people greedy.

　　　　Last Saturday afternoon, the reporter followed an informant to a vivid "brainwashing class" called "Detonating Life Action" in a noble residential area in Zhuhai. The lecturers are "Hao Ge" and "Marquis JOYCE", accompanied by "Marquis Apricot Group".

　　　　"Hao Ge" tells his bitter growth experience first. He was born and raised in Macao, and his family was poor. His parents borrowed money everywhere for him to study in the United States for three years. After returning to work in Macao, he was determined to get ahead and pay off the huge debt of 3 million yuan owed by his family. Since joining "Liang Bisi", his life has started a new chapter, "out of control." It took only three months for him to become a "Marquis". Not only did he pay off all his debts, but he also saved more than 3 million yuan. He married a beautiful English girl as his wife. Last month, the two of them held a wedding ceremony to travel around the world, which can be described as infinite scenery. Then, Hao Ge changed the subject and asked the audience if they wanted to be as colorful as him and have the magic to change their destiny. Three or five activists in the audience were extremely enthusiastic and answered repeatedly. The insider winked at the reporter, indicating that those people were all "childcare" found by the organizer.

　　　　Immediately, "Marquis of Apricot Group" began to show up, and the content was similar to that of Hao Ge, and life changed dramatically after joining "Liangbisi". Looking at the reality shows on the stage, and then looking at the excitement and enthusiasm of the audience, it seems that they are already millionaires, and the "persistence" that is revealed in their eyes is really worrying for reporters.

　　　　Victim’s self-report

　　　　Businessman for 20 years, Jianghu has also fallen.

　　　　In a three-story building in Doumen, Zhuhai, the reporter met the owner, Mr. Zhang. Seeing the reporter’s visit, Mr. Zhang was filled with emotion. "I am a businessman. I have been in the Jianghu for more than 20 years, and I generally don’t trust people. But I didn’t expect that there are deceptive pyramid schemes in Macau and Hong Kong, and I have to deceive people!"

　　　　Referring to being cheated out of 75 thousand yuan by "Liang Bisi", Lao Zhang regretted it. Lao Zhang said that he has been engaged in the catering industry for more than 20 years, earning hundreds of thousands of dollars a year. Although he is not very rich, he still has millions of deposits. "A friend of mine in Macau told me that there is a business that is very profitable. You don’t have to get up early and get in the dark, and you don’t have to go through the sun and rain. You just have to eat, drink, and sit and wait for money every day, with a maximum monthly income of more than 100,000." Mr. Zhang said frankly that he was not tempted after listening to it. In June this year, he was going to Macao to collect the money, and the old friend repeatedly persuaded him, so Lao Zhang decided to stay in Macao for two days and accept the training course of "Liangbisi".

　　　　Lao Zhang said that the first class was an impromptu speech by a young man named Wang Yang. He told the students that he was doing "Liangbisi" business on the side of Qingdao University, and now his monthly income is above 6 figures. After listening to the lecture, Lao Zhang was taken to the 6th floor of the Royal Plaza Building at the new port of Macau to see the samples, and then went to the 18th floor to sign the documents and pay an initial fee of 375 yuan. Unable to withstand the bombardment of the two-day course, Lao Zhang finally failed to resist the temptation and spent half of the 10 thousand yuan he had just put in his pocket.

　　　　A week later, Macao friends came to Lao Zhang’s door again and told him that if he paid 69,000 yuan, he could be directly upgraded to a large class. Every time he developed a customer, he got a commission of 38%, and five customers were upgraded to the "Marquis", and the commission went to a higher level. Unable to resist the temptation, Lao Zhang took his ID card, passport and 69,000 yuan in cash to send money to Macau for the second time.

　　　　After that, Lao Zhang went offline according to the company’s requirements and sent an invitation to a friend in Zhongshan with great interest. A friend reminded him: "This is pyramid selling. Even if it is legal in Macao, it will not work in the Mainland!" A word awakened the dreamer, and Lao Zhang began to reflect. Where can there be a free lunch in the world? Just then, Lao Zhang fell and hurt his foot, and wiped the affected area with those essential oils with "magical efficacy", but there was no improvement. Lao Zhang realized that he had been cheated.

　　　　Lao Zhang told reporters that the online business is no longer done. He has been "developing business" all day and has become a "Marquis". He has developed more than 50 offline lines and claimed to earn more than 100,000 yuan a month. "I don’t want to cheat my friends like him, and I don’t want to make any more money!" Lao Zhang said that in August, he saw more than 1,000 people from all over the world attending a celebration party held by "Liangbisi" in Zhuhai International Convention and Exhibition Center, many of whom had good economic conditions and even civil servants from government departments such as power supply bureau.

　　　　At the end of the interview, the simple Lao Zhang asked several questions: Why is the address of "Liangbisi" company on the top floor of a famous office building in Macau? Why was there a lawyer at the scene when signing the document? He doesn’t have any culture to be fooled, but most of the people who appeared at the celebration banquet in Zhuhai are young people with high education, high income and good jobs.

　　　　Reveal the secrets of informants

　　　　Evade the law and attract people to Hong Kong and Macao to circle money.

　　　　"I really couldn’t pass the psychological barrier, so I took the initiative to provide the police with clues to solve the case." Mr. Lin, who once had a dream of making a fortune, also joined "Liangbisi" under the introduction of a friend, and invested 70,000 yuan before and after, not to mention interest for more than a year, and even the capital was not seen. Want to recover the principal had to pull five people into the water, he hesitated. With the help of his family, Mr. Lin finally overcame his desire with reason and took the initiative to stand up and contact the police.

　　　　Mr. Lin hit the nail on the head and pointed out that "Liang Bisi" frequently "pulls people’s heads" to circle money abroad to avoid the law. He described to reporters how "Liang Bisi" deceived people. The first is to use the mentality that people want to get rich overnight to "brainwash" the victims first; Then I was tricked into buying a so-called "cure all diseases" product with a cost of only a few yuan. "It is full of traps. For example, it is impossible to say that you are not satisfied with a refund within 14 days. The other party won’t let you buy the product the first time, and will let you pay the second time. The reason is very simple. At present, the pass can be signed twice to and from Hong Kong and Macao, and the interval between the approval of the second endorsement by the relevant departments is about 15 days. If you want to buy products in Macao and go back to the mainland, it is impossible to get a pass and go out within 14 days. Moreover, paying money in Macao, the relevant departments can’t supervise at all. "

　　　　Mr. Lin said that his team has more than 1,000 people, and this is just a branch of "Liangbisi". It is estimated that they are not clear about how many branches and how big they are. "They not only bloom everywhere in Guangdong Province, which is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, but also spread all over some inland provinces and cities, such as Inner Mongolia and Northeast China, with amazing development speed." The reporter asked, how many "Liangbisi" companies are there in Hong Kong and Macau? Mr. Lin hesitated and said that there are about 10 enterprises in Hong Kong and Macao that deal in "Liangbisi" products in this way, and no fewer than 10,000 people have developed into earl members in the Mainland, which means at least 100,000 people have been deceived in this way. If the membership fee for becoming an earl is 96,000 yuan (in practice, only 70,000 yuan is needed to become an earl), the amount involved will be several billion yuan. Authorities told reporters that it is estimated that the suspected funds will reach 7 billion yuan, and millions of private capital will flow to Macao every month, at least in Zhuhai.

　　　　There are many strongholds in Panyu, Zengcheng, Guangzhou

　　　　"Liangbisi" is developing rapidly in eastern Guangdong and western Guangdong, and noble residential universities have produced main places and target groups.

　　　　Mr. Lin revealed to reporters that "Liangbisi" is rapidly advancing towards the two wings of Guangdong Province at an alarming speed. "Once the capital chain breaks, it will trigger a domino chain reaction, and the social effect and social impact will be unimaginable."

　　　　Through the Internet, the reporter inquired that Hong Kong Liangbisi Group Company "was incorporated in Hong Kong in 1998. It is a Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan joint venture company mainly engaged in aromatherapy business, with several subsidiaries in Guangdong, Shanghai and other places, including Panyu, Zhongshan and Dongguan in Guangzhou, and established a website to recruit and join". The reporter then dialed the investment phone number according to the website, only to find that all the numbers except Zhongshan Company were wrong.

　　　　Led by Mr. Wang from Zengcheng, the reporter recently came to Room 703, Taishan Building, Yuexiu District, where "Liangbisi" had met many times. The cleaner told the reporter that about half a year ago, there were often large groups of people in the 703 meeting room on weekends. "First, there were hundreds of people, and the corridor was full." The surrounding people complained that they were disturbing the people. At the end of June this year, the nearby public security and industrial and commercial personnel jointly acted to "drive them away". The reporter learned from the Hongqiao police station in Yuexiu District, which carried out this task, that it was said that due to limited clues, they could only be dispersed in the end.

　　　　It is understood that the location of the "Liangbisi" gathering has changed, and it is "marching" towards large houses, noble houses, clubs and hotels, because these places are more concealed.

　　　　Mr. Lin revealed that "Liang Bisi" requires them to choose young people who have just graduated or have not yet entered the society, such as college students, as far as possible when choosing the target population. In fact, there are many people who are deceived in Guangzhou, such as accountants and architects, accounting for more than 30%.

　　　　The pyramid scheme of "Liang Bisi" pulling people to Hong Kong and Macao to pay money seems to be a "variant" of the traditional pyramid scheme. Lawyer Huang Hai Bo of Guangdong Junhe Zhengtong Law Firm believes that this has constituted the crime of illegal business operation. However, the legal systems in the Mainland are different from those in Hong Kong and Macao. "Liangbisi" relies on the legal coat of a registered company in Hong Kong, and its payment and membership are "two-headed", and the organization leader also stays in Hong Kong all the year round, which makes it impossible for the mainland police to investigate and collect evidence and organize law enforcement.

　　　　As early as a year or two ago, the Commercial Crime Bureau of the Hong Kong Police Department had investigated "Liang Bisi", but it was difficult to obtain evidence, so far it has not been able to get rid of "Liang Bisi".

　　　　(This article Source: Information Times Author: Angelie Liu)

Editor: Li Erqing

　　Cctv news(Reporter Wang Jingyuan): "I ran up and down from the 27th floor for more than 20 times that day. After transporting all patients, the whole body aches … … After all the patients were transferred on the 22 nd, the old hospital area, which was built in 1993, stopped for the first time in peacetime because of natural disasters. "

　　The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University is the largest public hospital in China, in which Hehe Hospital District is called "the largest hospital in Asia". The courtyard river hospital area is located next to the Heyi overpass in Erqi District, Zhengzhou, and adjacent to Jinshui River, the main river in Zhengzhou. Because of its low terrain, it is one of the hardest hit areas of the rainstorm in Zhengzhou.

　　On July 24th, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Photo courtesy of respondents

　　On the evening of July 20th, the river hospital area of Zhengda First Affiliated Hospital was completely cut off, and dozens of operations were forced to be interrupted. At the same time, the hospital also faces the risks of water, net, medicine and grain cut-off. A "big shift in the rainstorm" began to race against time! Under the coordination of Henan Provincial Health and Health Commission and other departments, from 9: 30 pm on July 21st to about 6: 30 am on July 22nd, 11,350 patients in the hospital area were safely transferred. On July 26th, outpatient service, emergency service and fever clinic in Hehe Hospital District resumed work in an all-round way.

　　On July 26, Zheng Dayi Affiliated Hospital officially visited the hospital area. Photo courtesy of the interviewee.

　　What have doctors and patients experienced in the past week? How did the hospital transfer tens of thousands of patients in one day? How did they save themselves in the 120 hours after stopping the clinic?

　　"It’s really hard. I never thought this kind of scene would happen to me." Dong Xinhua, a gastrointestinal surgeon from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, told CCTV reporters about his experience in the past few days.

　　On July 24th, Dr. Dong Xinhua participated in the emergency repair in the hospital area where the clinic stopped. Photo courtesy of respondents

　　The following is his self-report:

　　I didn’t have surgery on the day of the rainstorm on the 20th, and I was at home at noon. However, because I had to have surgery the next day, I had to tell the patients about my illness in advance and communicate with my family members to get them to sign. At about 3 pm, I left home for the hospital. My wife asked me to take a big umbrella to avoid being caught in the rain. At that time, it was already raining heavily. When I walked to the door of the community, the water had reached my knees.

　　Because the water was too deep, I had to walk along the steps of the street shops. I saw a broken down car on the road. I took a small video and sent it to my wife, telling her that the umbrella was useless at all. I am from Zhoukou. I have been working in Zhengzhou for more than ten years and have never experienced such a heavy rain.

　　The rain rose very fast. When I got to the hospital, the water had reached my waist. I could feel bicycles and electric cars lying on the ground under the water, because my legs kept bumping. It usually takes about six or seven minutes to walk from my home to the hospital. Although I walked a little slower than usual that day, it was only ten minutes at most, and the water in the middle rose by dozens of centimeters.

　　Our department is on the 27th floor of Building No.2. I just entered Building No.2 and found a security guard pulling a cordon in front of the elevator on the first floor. I feel very strange. There are so many emergency operations in the hospital every day. How can the elevator not be used? I guessed that there was a circuit failure somewhere, and I thought that it might be restored in a while. Later, the cleaning elder sister told me not to wait, so I had to climb to the 27th floor.

　　I went to work in shorts that afternoon, and our professor said what a doctor looked like in shorts after seeing it. At that time, we all thought it was just a heavy rain, but we didn’t expect water and electricity to be cut off, let alone a disaster.

　　On July 24th, in front of the Affiliated Hospital of Zheng Dayi. Photo courtesy of respondents

　　At about 5 o’clock, I was discussing tomorrow’s operation with my colleagues, and suddenly the power went out. I have been in the hospital for more than ten years, and there has never been a large-scale power outage. Before, the power outage would not exceed one minute. At that time, the professor was in the clinic. I called him to ask him if he would have surgery tomorrow, but the signal was very poor. I sent him another text message, and he replied that he would wait for the hospital to arrange it.

　　At about 6 o’clock, we decided to make rounds first. At that point, it was still bright outside and the ward was dark, but we could still see clearly who the patients were in each bed. However, when the nurse changed the liquid for the patient, someone had to use a mobile phone to light it. Because of the standby power supply, the ECG monitor can still be used, and there is no problem for critically ill patients. There are more than 130 patients in our department and more than 50 patients in our group. After checking, we found that everyone was in a stable state, and everyone thought it was a heavy rain.

　　Recently, my mother was hospitalized in our hospital because of lumbar problems. She was supposed to have an operation on the 20th, but the operation was postponed after the power was cut off. That night, I went to the ward to see her. When I came out, I met my colleagues on the eighth floor. They were carrying a patient who had just left the operating room back to the ward and called me to give him a hand. We took turns carrying the patients to the 19th floor. On the way, I heard them say that this operation was all done with a flashlight.

　　After I moved the patient, I was all sweaty. Because I couldn’t take a bath without water, I stood by the window and wanted to blow the wind. I saw that the water in the north gate of the hospital had not passed the roof. Just then, there was a signal. As soon as I swiped the message, I saw the first picture of asking for help on the Internet, and I realized that the lobby on the first floor of Building 3 was flooded like that.

　　On July 20, a large area of water flooded into the river hospital area of Zhengda First Affiliated Hospital. Tuyuan network

　　At 10 o’clock in the evening, my old classmate in Tianjin sent me a short message. He said, "I have been engaged in flood control for 8 years, but the precipitation of 200 mm an hour in Zhengzhou is really shocking." Then he called me to ask me if I was okay, but it was broken without saying a few words. Because the rain was too heavy, my colleagues and I stayed in the hospital that night, and a dozen people spent the night in the duty room with mattresses, bedding and folding chairs.

　　When there was still no electricity on the morning of the 21st, we found the trouble. One of the characteristics of gastrointestinal surgery is that patients can’t eat immediately after surgery, and they have to rely on infusion to supplement nutrition. Usually we go to the pharmacy on the first floor to get liquid every morning, but there was no electricity and no internet at that time, so we didn’t know what was going on in the pharmacy downstairs.

　　Because of the power failure, the computer system was also paralyzed, so we had to count the liquids needed by patients for infusion today one by one. The elevator didn’t work, so we divided it into three groups and went downstairs from the escalator to get it. Big bags of liquids such as Calvin’s nutrient solution and fat milk amino acid glucose, each bag is 1400 ml, which is almost three kilograms. Just this big bag has moved more than 50 bags. In order to carry the patient’s nutrient solution, I ran back and forth three or four times on the 27th floor.

　　On July 21, the river hospital area was being repaired by drainage. Photo courtesy of respondents

　　On July 24, all walks of life rushed to help, and the river hospital area gradually restored order.

　　If the computer system is normal, the information of patients and nutrient solution can be directly printed with QR code. But because there is no electricity, we have to hand-write labels and then put them on the patients one by one. After a while, I heard the director and the head nurse say that it was possible to transfer patients. At that time, I thought how it was possible. After all, there are so many patients and their families. Fortunately, our hospital has three campuses and more beds.

　　According to the arrangement of the hospital, the patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of their illness. The critically ill and ICU patients were transported by ambulance to the East Hospital where the disaster was less severe; Ordinary patients who need to continue treatment, accompanied by their families, are arranged by the hospital to be transported by bus to other two hospitals or neighboring brother hospitals; Ordinary patients who meet the discharge conditions will be accompanied by their families to temporarily go home to recuperate or return to the local area for further treatment.

　　Because there is no signal on the mobile phone and I can’t get in touch with other hospitals, I have to write down a phone number and tell the patient, "Go to him directly when you arrive, and tell him that I sent you here, so that he must help." The patient really has no time to delay. In this way, we talked with patients one by one, and it took more than two hours to do this work alone.

　　After the computer system is down, it is impossible to discharge the patient, so we can only write down the patient’s name, hospitalization number, ID number and contact phone number for the patient to sign. Then on the morning of the 22nd, we called these patients one by one to check whether they got home safely and were transferred to hospital smoothly.

　　In fact, we all talk to patients after evaluating their specific conditions and making sure that their bodies will not have problems during transshipment. However, some patients don’t understand and think that they have to remove the thread before they can leave the hospital. Although the information on the 21 ST Internet was overwhelming, there was no Internet at that time, and patients could not receive external information. Why do they think we should be discharged from the hospital in a hurry after a heavy rain? A patient didn’t know about the disaster in Zhengzhou until he came home on the 23rd. He also sent me a short message saying thank you, doctor.

　　On the morning of 21st, when I was making rounds, I saw from the window that there were ambulances and buses pulling patients in front of the hospital. Regarding the transfer of patients, the hospital leaders have arrangements for each department and floor, and it is our turn to be 5 pm on the 21st. During the transshipment, all the staff in our department arrived without being on duty, and the families of our medical staff and some social volunteers also came to help, driving private cars to transport patients, delivering meals to medical staff and helping to carry stretchers.

　　On July 21, buses and private cars that heard the news joined the transshipment team. Photo courtesy of respondents

　　After operation, patients in gastrointestinal surgery have an incision in the abdomen, so they can’t carry it back, mainly by wheelchair and stretcher. When carrying the stretcher downstairs, try to keep the patient lying flat. The front two people hold the handrail, and the back two people must bend down to reduce the height of the stretcher. At that time, there were stairs going upstairs and downstairs, and it was inconvenient to turn around with a stretcher, so I accidentally bumped into a wall or railing at the corner.

　　Moreover, the road is very slippery. From the fourth floor down, the ground is covered with rain and sludge, especially after dark at night, and it is easy to fall if you are not careful. So we are all carried by four people, and then there are two more people in front, holding the stretcher with their hands and exploring the road with flashlights.

　　On the evening of July 21, the doctors in the hospital area used flashlights to urgently transport patients with bedding. Photo courtesy of respondents

　　Later, I saw from my circle of friends that there were others carried down by bedding. Four people were dragging four quilt corners. Because the bedding couldn’t support it, two people had to hold it in the middle to prevent diseases and bumps. Some ICU patients need to breathe oxygen, and someone has to carry the oxygen tank when carrying the patients.

　　That day, I ran up and down from the 27th floor for more than 20 times. After transporting all the patients, the whole body aches. You think it’s exhausting just to climb 27 flights of stairs, not to mention carrying the patients with stretchers and wheelchairs. It’s really exhausting.

　　The last patient in our department was transported after 1 am on the 22nd, when most patients were transported. Just as all of us were standing under Building 2, waiting for the ambulance, suddenly it started to rain again. I never thought this kind of scene would happen to me.

　　In the early morning of July 22, the "great shift" was still going on against time. Photo courtesy of respondents

　　Fire-fighting and rescue vehicles, communication support vehicles, diesel power generation equipment and engineering rescue vehicles are crowded with the passages of the hospital. The leaders of the hospital are all coordinating the situation of various departments at the scene, and the sound of their walkie-talkies has never stopped. Our dean was soaked to the skin and his glasses were wet. He directly wiped the water off the lenses with his hands. I will always remember this scene. I’m not flattering. There are more than 10 thousand employees in our hospital, and the dean may not even know who I am. I felt it was too difficult for everyone from the bottom of my heart.

　　What impressed me most was that at 9 o’clock in the evening on the 21st, I saw a child crying downstairs. The mother of the child was holding the child and coaxed him not to cry. I was also a father. I was wondering where the child could go at night. I sent a message to my daughter-in-law about this scene, and suddenly I burst into tears. Later, when I got home in the early morning, I brushed my circle of friends and saw the pictures sent by my colleagues, and my tears came down again in an instant.

　　On July 24th, Dong Xinhua (second from right) and his colleagues cleaned the ward to prepare for the follow-up visit. Photo courtesy of respondents

　　I feel very worthless. A big man cries all day. People are too small in the face of natural disasters. You will never feel that kind of despair without experiencing it. But our country is really strong, the rescue speed is very fast, and there are donations from all walks of life, which really saved lives at that time.

　　I’m a short-tempered person and I’m outspoken, but after this disaster, I feel more and more that it’s not easy for everyone and every industry. Firefighters who support the post-disaster reconstruction of our hospital can fall asleep immediately by relying on a place in the roar of such a big machine. They are too hard; There are also the cleaning elder sister and the security elder brother in our hospital, whose work is not as easy as ours. So two days ago, my wife complained that there was no water at home, so I told her to stop talking.

　　After the disaster, there will still be many operations in our department. I must pay more attention to the attitude of talking to patients. I believe I will do better after this incident.

　　Dong Xinhua (second from left) is making rounds with his colleagues.

　　A few days ago, in an interview with the media, I was asked what my original intention was to be a doctor. I was a child from a poor family, and my parents were farmers. At that time, the idea of studying medicine was very simple, thinking that it was a technical job. I could eat and starve myself if I mastered this technology. But with my contact with clinic, internship, postgraduate entrance examination, work, and then my own operation, I think the existence of our special group is still very meaningful.

　　The flood river hospital area was badly damaged. After all the patients were transferred on the 22nd, the old hospital area, which was built in 1993, was closed for the first time in peacetime due to natural disasters. It’s sad to see the lights go out in the hospital all year round. This is my root and my home, and I don’t want it to have an accident.

　　On July 24, the river hospital area of Zhengda First Affiliated Hospital was repaired all night.　

　　In recent days, my colleagues and I have been running back and forth in the three campuses. Every morning, we go to Huiji and Zhengdong Campus for rounds, and then we go to the old campus for cleaning and disinfection. We are actively saving ourselves and looking forward to the lights going out in the old campus being turned on as soon as possible.

　"Love is a difficult problem, which makes people dazzled." Love is the most special part of personal experience and the most interesting topic in the social field. Luman, a contemporary sociologist, is aware of the social theoretical benefits of love phenomenon and has stepped into the research theme of love since the beginning of his academic career. In the winter semester of 1968, Adorno chose "love" as the teaching theme when he acted as the sociology chair of Frankfurt University.

Luhmann is a representative figure of German sociology system science, and is regarded as one of the few sociologists who have changed their "paradigm". After investigating the evolution of historical semantics of love since the 17th century, Luhmann, with two theoretical clues of sociology of knowledge and communication media theory, presented the process of love as a communication medium differentiating from society.

Recently, the Chinese translation of Love as Passion: About Intimacy Coding by Lu Man was published by East China Normal University Press. This book is the most popular work of Luhmann, and the "phenomenology of love" he established in the book plays an important role in his system theory. For Luhmann, love is a relationship with extremely low probability and an excellent paradox system. On the one hand, people worship ideal love, on the other hand, they realize its emptiness. There is no communication about the authenticity of love, only self-understanding. Uncertainty and high risk are both the source of tragedy and vitality of love. Love plays an integrated role through the paradox mechanism, making people learn to adapt to the paradox world.

Love as Passion: Coding for Intimacy

Recently, Fan Jin, a translator and professor of Chinese Department of East China Normal University, together with Ye Zhudi, editor-in-chief of Exploration and Contention, Tang Yonghua, professor of Chinese Department of East China Normal University, Xu Guangyin, Institute of Philosophy of Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, Yu Mingfeng, assistant professor of Humanities College of Tongji University, Hu Chunchun, deputy director of German Studies Center of Tongji University, and Shi Meijun, editor of Six Points Branch of East China Normal University, visited Yuntong Building of Tongji University and participated in the round table "Love as Social Technology-Tongji Pioneer Philosophy Workshop".

Luhmann presents the vitality of love after "decentralization"

In Tang Yonghua’s view, the recent suicide incident of Peking University girls, which has been widely concerned, inevitably became the topic background of this round-table discussion. He believes that the appearance of this incident in today’s open society is like a black hole, which gives us a strong sense of contrast and makes us realize that there may still be risks in a society that has become safe because of openness. In the face of such an incident, we may know a lot of common sense about love today, have the experience of enlightening others, and have also learned the knowledge of love psychology. However, Tang Yonghua lamented that "these still can’t make us live this life well". In his view, our theoretical efforts to understand love are precisely the expression of Lu Manzhi’s "paradox within the system"; The way we deal with this paradox is to fall into this paradox, that is, on the one hand, we understand the incomprehensible love, but on the other hand, we still try to understand it and want to change it.

Roundtable discussion site

Xu Guangyin recalled his participation in a reading group with Fan Jin in Berlin. At that time, he read Kant and Hegel, while Fan Jin read Luhmann. This is his initial understanding of Luhmann. Xu Guangyin believes that Hegel and Lu Man have great similarities. Relatively speaking, Hegel has always had a "centrality": Hegel put forward a purely formal logic that started with paradox, and then developed a set of dialectical logic, but Xu Guangyin pointed out that this dialectical logic itself is subjective and centralized. Hegel maintained the self-consistency of dialectical logic, but subject philosophy finally led to a closed result. In contrast, Luhmann’s advantage lies in starting from differences and directly admitting complexity. Xu Guangyin explained that on some issues, Luhmann’s success over Hegel lies in decentralization and subjectivity, which makes Luhmann’s theory more applicable and operable.

So, what does the comparison with Hegel’s philosophy mean for us to understand Luhmann’s "phenomenology of love"? In Xu Guangyin’s view, the key is that it is difficult for a central and subjective philosophy to fully explain the love problem. This is because the love philosophy between two independent subjects, such as Hegel and Kant, will easily fall into a formal and guiding theory when talking about marriage or love, thus ignoring the details of love. On the contrary, Luhmann’s system theory can present the vitality of love after "decentralization".

Historical framework can’t penetrate the mystery of love.

Yu Mingfeng agreed with Xu Guangyin. He said: "You can understand what love is when you read about love in Hegel’s philosophy of law, but you can’t learn how to fall in love, but Luhmann’s book has a very specific description of love experience." Xu Guangyin added that Hegel’s openness is the openness of research topics, but Luhmann himself is open, and he provides us with an operable "meta-theory".

Hu Chunchun believes that he is more willing to use the concept of Bourdieu’s cultural capital to understand love than Luman. This means that the sociality of love is understood as capital; If we discuss love academically, we will discuss how to value this kind of capital in a specific context. Of course, the sociality of love always has a mystery, which also attracts generations of writers to create art. Regarding the "paradox" of understanding love pointed out by Tang Yonghua, Hu Chunchun believes that the only "Luman-style" way of discussion is to discuss Lu’s history in a framework; That is to say, we can’t discuss love itself, but we can show the history and story of love in a historical framework, but Hu Chunchun stressed that this still can’t help us penetrate the mystery of love.

"Love Wisdom": Philosophy and Love

Tang Yonghua added that love may involve more reflection than other activities. He asked: "Can a person really fall in love instead of figuring out what love is?" Yu Mingfeng agrees: "Love is a self-reflective process." Fan Jin believes that philosophy is such a form of reflection. Yu Mingfeng added that the original meaning of the word "philosophy" in ancient Greek is "love wisdom".

Yu Mingfeng said that he often told his students that philosophy is knowledge in the abyss: "Science is empirical knowledge, and philosophy is reflective knowledge, hovering in the abyss forever, and all conclusions will be reconsidered." In his view, love is also highly reflective and abyss. Love is the transfer of self-integrity, which means, "only when the other person is present can you feel complete. True love is to find the other half, and you are no longer a whole." In a sense, love makes people highly neurotic and madness becomes the norm. " Yu Mingfeng believes that the boys in the above-mentioned girl suicides are not in love, but are strongly expressing possessiveness. The problem is that this possessiveness brings illusion to the other party through a love mode, which makes the other party accused and constantly self-reflecting. This is an extreme case.

Yu Mingfeng talked about Ba Taye’s Theory of Love. According to him, Ba Taye linked love with religion, sacrifice and violence. From Ba Taye’s perspective, there is some similarity between love and death. Yu Mingfeng said: "The experience of love is intertwined with life instinct and death instinct. Such a power relationship is, in a sense, the danger of the love system itself."

Shi Meijun is associated with another book in the series of "Light and Heavy", Badiou’s "Love Duo". In the book, Badiou puts forward that the love between two people is actually a kind of "communism" realized on the smallest scale. It is called "communism" because this kind of love insists on the contingency in love. Shi Meijun thinks that Luhmann is discussing love in a very technical way, and Badiou is naive compared with Luhmann. In Shi Meijun’s view, Luhmann revealed to us the internal isomorphism between the paradox system of intimate relationship and the way of social organization, which means that in modern times, love is driven into the "private sphere" and thus separated from the "public sphere".

　　BEIJING, Beijing, July 1 (Qiu Yu) On the 1 ST, the Measures for the Administration of Online Payment Services of Non-bank Payment Institutions (hereinafter referred to as the Measures) came into effect, and payment institutions will implement real-name management for customers. After the implementation of the new regulations, when users use Alipay balance and WeChat change to conduct transactions, the single-day and annual transaction amount will be restricted.

　　What is real-name authentication?

　　You can’t transfer money and send and receive red envelopes without authentication.

　　Ms. Tian recently tried to transfer money to her son through Alipay, but she failed because "real name authentication has not been carried out". She successfully completed the transfer after uploading photos of her ID card.

　　According to the Measures, payment institutions should implement real-name management of customers, register and take effective measures to verify the basic information of customers’ identities, check valid identity documents as required and keep copies or photocopies of valid identity documents.

　　Without real-name authentication, the user experience will be affected. Alipay said that it will not be able to receive red envelopes, rewards, transfers, etc. from others without real-name authentication. According to the WeChat payment team, if the user does not have a real name, functions such as collecting money and using change to send red envelopes may be restricted.

　　Real-name accounts account for about half of personal accounts for online payment. According to China Payment and Clearing Industry Operation Report (2016), by the end of 2015, there were 2.630 billion personal payment accounts opened by non-bank payment institutions, and 1.346 billion payment accounts had completed real-name authentication, accounting for 51.07%.

　　What are the ways of real-name authentication?

　　Many external authentication channels do not need to open a "I am me" certificate.

　　The "Measures" stipulate that in real-name authentication, users need to verify their basic identity information through external channels.

　　A related person from the public relations department of Ant Financial told the reporter of Zhongxin.com (WeChat WeChat official account: cns2012) that there are many external channels used by Alipay to verify identity, such as uploading ID cards and binding bank cards; Pay water, electricity, gas and cable TV fees in Alipay; Buy insurance in Alipay; Open sesame credit and so on.

　　The relevant person in charge of the central bank said earlier that in the process of identity verification, customers only need to fill in and upload relevant information online according to the requirements of payment institutions, and do not need to go to relevant departments to prove that "I am me".

　　What kind of account do you belong to?

　　Associating the mobile phone number with the bank card and paying the electricity fee can improve the account authority.

　　The Measures divide individual payment accounts of non-bank payment institutions into three categories, and manage the balance payment transaction amount separately.

　　Specifically, Class I accounts are the most restricted, and the balance payment transactions have not exceeded 1000 yuan since the account was opened; The annual accumulative payment transaction of the balance of Class II account shall not exceed 100,000 yuan; The annual accumulative payment transaction of the balance of Class III account shall not exceed 200,000 yuan.

　　Among them, the limit of Class II and Class III accounts does not include the transfer from the payment account to the customer’s own bank account with the same name, and Class I accounts include.

　　The classification is based on the number of external channels in real-name authentication. If the face-to-face method is adopted, the external channels required for the above three types of accounts are one, three and five respectively.

　　For example, if you upload an ID card to a payment account, associate a real-name mobile phone number, bind a bank card, buy a train ticket, and pay the electricity bill, even if there are five external channels, it belongs to a Class III account. If two bank cards of different banks are bound, it is considered as two external channels.

　　What if the balance payment amount is not enough?

　　200,000 yuan/year is a hard rule, and the quota cannot be increased after it is used up.

　　The reporter noticed that the Alipay client has hung up the prompt of "current balance payment amount". For example, the Class III account will display "existing amount of 200,000 yuan/year" and the remaining amount.

　　What if the annual quota of 100,000 or even 200,000 yuan is not enough? In this regard, Alipay said that if the balance payment amount of Class I and Class II accounts exceeds the limit, it can continue to increase the amount by improving the identity information; If the balance payment amount is already 200,000 yuan/year, it will be impossible to continue to increase the amount.

　　The relevant person in charge of the central bank said that after statistical analysis, the annual accumulated limit of 100,000 yuan and 200,000 yuan for Class II and III personal payment accounts can meet the needs of most customers to use the "balance" of payment accounts for payment.

　　What should I do if the single-day balance transaction is excessive?

　　Can be combined with payment tools such as bank cards.

　　The Measures set a limit for one-day transactions. For transactions verified by payment institutions with two or more effective elements, excluding digital certificates and electronic signatures, the cumulative amount of all payment accounts of a single customer in a single day should not exceed 5,000 yuan (excluding the transfer from the payment account to the customer’s own bank account with the same name).

　　If you use Alipay to buy goods with a price of 7,000 yuan online, because it exceeds 5,000 yuan, you can’t pay with the balance of Alipay. How should users pay? According to the explanation of Alipay client, transfer, consumption and wealth management through other payment methods such as bank card express payment, online banking and ant flower garden are not subject to this quota.

　　Similarly, if you transfer money to someone else’s account, more than 5000 yuan, you can’t transfer money with Alipay balance, but there is no restriction on fast payment by bank card.

　　Will personal information be leaked?

　　Payment institutions shall not store sensitive customer information.

　　Some users are worried that real-name authentication will reveal too much personal information and there are security risks. In this regard, the public relations department of Ant Group said that after the identity information is more perfect, users can not only enjoy more comprehensive services, but also improve the security level of accounts and better protect their rights and interests.

　　Li Jiquan, a senior partner and lawyer of Beijing Junbang Law Firm, said in an interview that after real-name authentication, it means that everyone who makes online payment is transparent, and everyone’s traces are traceable, which will help to trace after problems appear, but will increase the security of online transactions.

　　The relevant person in charge of the central bank pointed out earlier that in terms of information security, the Measures require payment institutions to formulate customer information protection measures and risk control mechanisms to ensure that they and special merchants do not store sensitive customer information, and bear the losses and responsibilities caused by information disclosure according to law.

The number of diabetic patients in the world continues to grow. Relevant data show that there is one diabetic in every eight adults in China and one pre-diabetic in every two adults in China.

Diabetes is not terrible, but its complications, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, renal failure, diabetic foot and retinopathy … These chronic complications have gradually become the main cause of death for diabetics.

Dangerous chronic complications of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes is a group of lifelong metabolic diseases caused by multiple causes and characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The key to lowering the blood sugar level in the body is insulin, which helps glucose from food to enter cells from the blood to generate energy. When insulin is not well produced or utilized, the blood glucose level will rise, and when it rises to a certain extent, diabetes will occur.

Elevated blood sugar is not the end point of diabetes. Long-term high blood sugar damages the body, causing pathological changes in various important organs of the human body. With the extension of the course of disease and poor blood sugar control, diabetic patients will gradually develop chronic complications. Complications will have serious consequences in the later stage, such as blindness, renal failure, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke and amputation, which will seriously affect the quality of life of patients.

Chronic complications of diabetes are generally divided into macrovascular complications, microvascular complications, neuropathy and diabetic foot.

I. Cardiovascular diseases

Atherosclerosis is one of the main causes of cardiovascular diseases, and insulin resistance and hyperglycemia are the main factors leading to cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. Studies have shown that diabetic patients have an increased risk of heart failure and/or cardiac dysfunction, and long-term hyperglycemia can also lead to various cardiac dysfunction, including arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death.

1. Symptoms and manifestations

There may be no symptoms in the early stage, and with the progress of the disease, discomfort symptoms such as chest pain, chest tightness, palpitation, shortness of breath and arrhythmia may appear after work. Some patients may have no obvious pain even when myocardial infarction occurs because of the influence of hyperglycemia on cardiac autonomic nerves.

2. How to screen

For diabetic patients, ECG and echocardiography should be performed at the time of diagnosis, and at least once every six months.

Hyperglycemia increases the risk of stroke. A comprehensive analysis of 102 prospective studies found that compared with non-diabetic patients, the risk of ischemic stroke increased by 2.3 times and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke increased by 1.6 times. This correlation is not only related to the incidence of cerebrovascular disease, but also related to the prognosis and functional status of the disease.

Second, cerebrovascular diseases

1. Symptoms and manifestations

If diabetic patients have symptoms such as dizziness, black eyes or blurred vision, slurred speech, numbness and weakness of one limb, they should be on high alert for possible cerebrovascular diseases and seek medical advice in time.

2. How to screen

If diabetic patients have danger signs of stroke, they should immediately have brain CT or magnetic resonance (MRI) and other related examinations.

Third, kidney disease

Diabetic nephropathy is a common microvascular complication of diabetes, which affects about 25% of diabetic patients. It has become the main cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease.

1. Symptoms and manifestations

There are usually no obvious symptoms in the early stage, and some patients may have increased urine foam, renal function damage, hypertension and edema. When the disease develops to the advanced stage, severe renal failure and uremia may occur, and dialysis treatment is needed.

2. How to screen

Generally speaking, patients with type 2 diabetes have a urine test every six months to one year to detect the content of microalbumin. If the index rises abnormally, it is recommended to seek medical examination.

Fourth, retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the common complications of diabetes and one of the main causes of blindness.

1. Symptoms and manifestations

There may be no symptoms in the early stage, but with the progress of the disease, symptoms such as blurred vision, visual field defect, decreased vision at night, and floaters may appear. In the late stage, it may develop into serious situations such as retinal hemorrhage and retinal detachment.

2. How to screen

It is recommended that diabetic patients have an annual fundus examination, including optometry, intraocular pressure measurement and fundus examination. Fundus examination can observe the retina by dilating the pupil.

V. Neuropathy

Diabetic neuropathy refers to the damage of diabetes to the nervous system, including the involvement of peripheral nerves and autonomic nerves.

1. Symptoms and manifestations

Common symptoms include paresthesia (such as pain, tingling and numbness), impaired motor function, digestive system problems (such as delayed gastric emptying and constipation) and sexual dysfunction.

2. How to screen

Diabetic patients should have regular nervous system examination, including foot examination, electrophysiological examination and autonomic nervous function test.

6. Diabetic foot

Diabetic foot is one of the serious and costly chronic complications of diabetes, which can lead to amputation and death. In China, the incidence of new foot ulcers in diabetic patients over 50 years old is 8.1% within one year, and the incidence of new foot ulcers in cured diabetic patients is 31.6% within one year.

1. Symptoms and manifestations

In the early stage, numbness and abnormal temperature sensation of the foot may occur, and then redness and skin breakage may occur, which will gradually increase.

2. How to screen

All diabetic patients should have their feet examined regularly.

Check the foot skin for abnormal cyanosis and ulceration;

Check whether the pain, temperature and touch of extremities are normal;

Check whether the pulsation of dorsal foot artery and posterior tibial artery is weakened;

If you suspect vascular diseases, you can check the vascular ultrasound of lower limbs.

"Misunderstanding" of Diabetes

The complications of diabetes are closely related to the degree of blood sugar control. Only by paying attention to the changes of blood sugar can we prevent and control the acute and chronic complications of diabetes. In this regard, there are some misunderstandings that need special attention.

1. Is there no problem without symptoms?

Answer: Wrong!

Many patients often neglect the treatment and management of diabetes in the early stage of diabetes because the symptoms are not obvious, which leads to long-term substandard blood sugar and poor control, which further affects all systems of the whole body and increases the risk of complications.

Once you are diagnosed with diabetes, whether you have symptoms or not, you should insist on regular, scientific and reasonable treatment. Only in this way can we effectively control blood sugar and reduce complications.

Experts remind that the severity of diabetes can not be judged only by the severity of symptoms.

2. Can I stop hypoglycemic drugs without authorization?

Answer: Wrong!

Diabetes is a lifelong disease, and it can’t be cured at present. Just because the symptoms disappear and the blood sugar drops to normal after regular treatment does not mean that the diabetes has been cured, and the drug treatment can be stopped immediately.

The vast majority of patients still need to continue to receive medication after their condition is stable. If the drug is stopped at will, the blood sugar will fluctuate. At this time, the original dosage may not achieve the ideal hypoglycemic effect, and it may be necessary to increase the dosage or even use a variety of hypoglycemic drugs in combination, which will also cause certain damage to the body.

Experts remind: strictly following the doctor’s instructions for drug treatment is the key to control blood sugar and reduce complications.

3. If the blood sugar control is normal, can you relax your diet management?

Answer: Wrong!

In the treatment of diabetes, diet management is very important, which is called one of the "five carriages" of diabetes treatment. Others include exercise, medicine, blood sugar monitoring and self-management education. Failure to control diet is likely to lead to large fluctuations in blood sugar, which is not conducive to maintaining a stable metabolic state and weight.

Experts remind that diet management should run through the whole process of diabetes treatment, so don’t let your guard down just because the blood sugar results are normal, so as to avoid serious consequences due to the unpredictable risk factors such as inaccurate blood sugar monitoring results and drug taboos.

Do all diabetics have complications?

Not all diabetics will have complications.

At present, in clinic, there are many patients whose blood sugar, blood lipid, blood pressure and other indicators have reached the standard, and the course of disease is as long as 30-40 years. It can be seen that diabetic patients should pay attention to the control of blood sugar and cannot ignore the condition.

At the same time, we should follow the doctor’s instructions for drug treatment, and we should not stop taking drugs at will. Diet management is also very important in the treatment of diabetes, even if blood sugar control is normal, diet management can not be relaxed. In addition, not all diabetic patients will have complications, and following the standard treatment can reduce the risk of complications.

1. Control blood sugar, blood pressure and blood lipid.

Achieving the standard of blood sugar is the key to prevent complications in diabetic patients. The general ideal targets are: fasting blood glucose 4.4 ~ 7 mmol/L, postprandial blood glucose ≤10mmol/L, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)<7.0%, depending on the patient’s age and complications.

Even for patients with well-controlled blood sugar, blood sugar should be monitored 2 ~ 4 times a week. For patients with high blood sugar fluctuation or high blood sugar, blood sugar should be monitored 7 times a day, and treatment should be adjusted in time.

The control of blood pressure and blood lipid plays an important role in reducing the complications of diabetes and the risk of heart disease. Blood pressure should be monitored every time you visit a doctor, and blood lipid and electrocardiogram should be checked at least once a year.

Step 2 change your lifestyle

Reasonable diet, low fat and less oil, small amount of meals, regular quantitative meals. Quit smoking and limit alcohol, exercise properly, work and rest regularly, and control weight.

Step 3 check regularly

Diabetic patients should go to the hospital regularly for relevant examinations, which is not only beneficial to blood sugar control, but also can actively prevent complications and strive for early detection and early treatment. Screening mainly includes blood biochemical examination, glycosylated hemoglobin, urine routine, microalbuminuria, electrocardiogram, fundus examination, neuropathy screening, vascular B-ultrasound, etc., so as to achieve early detection and early treatment.

Read the original text

　　Why should we stick to it, because the initial heart is there;

　　Why be tolerant, because civilization is there;

　　Why communicate, because peace is there;

　　Why cooperate, because the opportunity is there;

　　Why innovate? Because the future is there.

　　China has always advocated great harmony and harmony among all nations.

　　China will open his arms,

　　Provide more market opportunities, investment opportunities and growth opportunities for countries around the world.

　　Achieve common development.

　　Contribute to building a community of human destiny.

　　Master planner: Jiang Yan

　　Chief producer/director: Ma Baojun

　　Producer: Zhang Yue Du Yiran

　　Director: Wang Jingyi, Yu Zhou, Liu Lu

　　Reporter: Sun Xinjing, Chen Meng, Ma Jianguo, Lin Yuan, Xie E, Wang Jiangang, Lin Ning, Zhou Jinming, Xia Lixin, Wang Lili and Li Xiaoyu

　　Editor: Sun Xinjing Du Liwei

　　Producer: Ma Baojun, Wang Lu

　　Producer: Jiang Yan

Jing Jian Fa [2020] No.10

All relevant units:

　　In order to further deepen the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, continuously optimize the business environment in the capital, and promote the reform and innovation of joint acceptance of housing construction and municipal infrastructure projects, according to the implementation opinions on comprehensively carrying out the reform of the examination and approval system for engineering construction projects (Guo Ban Fa [2019] No.11), Regulations on Optimizing the Business Environment, Regulations on Urban and Rural Planning in Beijing, Regulations on Optimizing the Business Environment in Beijing and other requirements, the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Committee and other ten departments It is issued to you, please follow it carefully.

Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development　　　　

Beijing Municipal Commission of Planning and Natural Resources　　　　

Beijing Municipal Civil Air Defense Office　　　　

Beijing Municipal Market Supervision Administration　　　　

beijing municipal water affairs bureau　　　　

Beijing Archives Bureau　　　　

Beijing Municipal Commission of Communications　　　　

Beijing Municipal Administration Committee　　　　

Beijing Communications Administration Bureau　　　　

Beijing Municipal Government Affairs Service Management Bureau　　　　

November 18, 2020　　

Interim Measures of Beijing Municipality on the Administration of Joint Acceptance of Housing Construction and Municipal Infrastructure Project Completion

Chapter I General Provisions

　　the first　In order to further optimize the business environment, deepen the joint inspection and acceptance reform of housing construction and municipal infrastructure projects, and implement the Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Carrying out the Reform of the Examination and Approval System for Construction Projects (Guo Ban Fa [2019] No.11), Regulations on Optimizing the Business Environment, Regulations on Urban and Rural Planning in Beijing and Regulations on Optimizing the Business Environment in Beijing, these Measures are formulated in light of the actual situation of this Municipality.

　　the second　These Measures shall apply to the joint acceptance (hereinafter referred to as joint acceptance) of the completion of new construction, renovation and expansion of housing construction projects (including decoration projects) and municipal infrastructure projects (excluding rail transit projects, underground pipeline projects, power projects and security projects) within the administrative area of this Municipality.

　　Joint acceptance shall be implemented according to the comprehensive risk grade of the project. The comprehensive risk of the project is divided into four levels: low risk, general risk, large risk and major risk. In principle, joint acceptance should be implemented for low-risk and general-risk engineering projects; For engineering projects with higher risk level, joint acceptance is encouraged on the basis that the project has mature acceptance conditions and the risk is controllable; Joint acceptance is not recommended for engineering projects with significant risk levels. See the annex for the comprehensive risk level of the project.

　　Article　The term "joint acceptance" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the application of the project construction unit, the streamlining and optimization of the competent departments of housing and urban construction, planning of natural resources, civil air defense, market supervision, water affairs, archives, transportation, urban management, communications, etc., and the collaborative promotion of administrative matters related to the project completion acceptance, urging and coordinating municipal service enterprises to actively provide municipal public services such as water supply, drainage, power supply, gas, heat and communication, standardize, efficiently and conveniently complete the project acceptance, and promote.

　　Article 4　Joint acceptance follows the working principle of "standardization, cooperation, sharing, high efficiency and convenience" and realizes the working objectives of "one application form, one notification, one commitment, multi-inspection, unified opinion and time limit completion". There is no charge for joint acceptance.

　　Article 5　The municipal (district) housing and urban-rural construction department shall, in accordance with the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on Urban and Rural Planning, co-ordinate and organize the joint acceptance of the city (district), use the special seal for joint acceptance of the city (district) construction project, summarize the opinions of relevant competent departments and issue joint acceptance opinions. If other acceptance items are applied for joint acceptance, they shall be implemented after being approved by the municipal government.

　　Article 6　The competent department of housing and urban-rural construction is responsible for the overall organization and coordination of joint acceptance work, as well as the supervision of project completion acceptance, fire inspection and acceptance, and the audit of real estate surveying and mapping results.

　　The competent department of planning and natural resources is responsible for the planning and acceptance of construction projects and the acceptance of urban construction archives.

　　The competent department of civil air defense is responsible for the supervision of the completion and acceptance of civil air defense projects.

　　The market supervision department is responsible for the registration of the use of special equipment for construction projects.

　　The water department is responsible for supervising, coordinating and guiding municipal service enterprises such as water supply and drainage to provide municipal public services.

　　The urban management department is responsible for supervising, coordinating and guiding municipal service enterprises such as gas, heat and power supply to provide municipal public services.

　　The archives administration department is responsible for supervising and guiding the archives acceptance of major construction projects invested by the government in fixed assets.

　　The transportation department is responsible for guiding the acceptance of supporting parking facilities.

　　The competent department of communications is responsible for supervising, coordinating and guiding municipal service enterprises such as communications to provide municipal public services.

　　The municipal service enterprise is responsible for the access, connectivity and operation services of supporting municipal public facilities such as water supply, drainage, power supply, gas, heat and communication within the service scope of the enterprise.

　　Article 7　Relying on the online approval and supervision platform for investment projects in Beijing (hereinafter referred to as the online platform), the city has established a unified service platform for joint acceptance of construction projects in Beijing (hereinafter referred to as the platform of multi-inspection), strengthened the sharing and exchange of relevant data and information of information platforms of various competent departments and municipal service enterprises, supported cross-departmental business collaboration, and promoted the seamless connection of the whole process of joint acceptance.

　　The competent department of housing and urban construction is responsible for the construction, management and maintenance of the multi-test platform.

　　Article 8　Joint acceptance shall be subject to comprehensive notification and commitment system. The competent department of housing and urban-rural construction shall integrate the contents to be informed and promised by the competent departments, formulate a comprehensive notification commitment letter, inform the specific construction requirements, acceptance application materials, acceptance process and acceptance standards of the project at one time, and clarify the contents that the construction unit needs to promise.

　　When applying for joint acceptance, the construction unit shall promise in written form (including electronic text) that the construction task has been completed in accordance with the requirements, and meet the conditions, standards and requirements of the comprehensive notification undertaking, and bear the corresponding responsibilities for violating the commitment. The comprehensive notification undertaking shall be signed by the legal representative of the construction unit or its authorized person and stamped with the official seal of the construction unit.

　　Article 9　All competent departments and municipal service enterprises shall strengthen information sharing, timely grasp the progress and situation of project construction, provide services in advance and take the initiative, effectively strengthen the whole process management of joint acceptance, and share regulatory data with relevant competent departments.

Chapter II Strengthening Quality and Safety Supervision of Construction Projects

　　Article 10　The quality and safety of construction projects in this city should be managed differently according to the comprehensive risk level of the project.

　　Before the project starts, the construction unit shall specify the comprehensive risk level of the project, and share the comprehensive risk level of the project with the competent departments through the online platform. In the process of engineering construction, the construction unit, survey unit, design unit, construction unit and supervision unit should establish and improve the risk control system and mechanism, formulate the working system, define the responsible subject, comprehensively and systematically identify the quality and safety risks in all stages and links of engineering construction, and take measures to effectively control risks to ensure the quality and safety of construction projects.

　　The construction unit, construction unit and supervision unit shall regularly inspect the quality and safety risks at all stages and links of the project, evaluate the risk management and control, and report the inspection and evaluation results to the risk management and control platform established by this Municipality.

　　Article 11　In the process of engineering construction, the competent department of housing and urban-rural construction will carry out quality and safety supervision and inspection. For low-risk projects, the first work disclosure meeting will be cancelled, and only one on-site supervision and inspection will be carried out during the construction process, and the longest time will not exceed one day; For general risk projects, the frequency of supervision and spot check shall be no less than once every 3 months; For projects with large risks, major risks and poor risk management and control, the frequency of supervision and spot checks shall be increased as appropriate according to the progress of the project.

　　If the participating units of the project fail to implement risk classification control, quality and safety accidents occur or promises are not fulfilled, the competent department of housing and urban construction will increase the number of random inspections and strengthen post-event supervision.

　　Article 12　Establish a joint inspection system. The relevant competent departments may put forward the intention of joint inspection to the competent department of housing and urban-rural construction, and the competent department of housing and urban-rural construction shall organize joint inspection. After the joint inspection, the competent departments shall form written inspection records respectively, and disclose the inspection results to the public voluntarily.

Chapter III Joint Acceptance Procedures

　　Article 13　Before the construction unit handles the planning permission, after the multi-planning collaborative platform completes the project planning consultation, it will push the comprehensive notification commitment letter to the construction unit together with the multi-planning collaborative opinion of the project. The construction unit can log on to the multi-regulation collaborative platform or online platform to download the format text of the comprehensive notification commitment letter.

　　Article 14　After the comprehensive review of the construction drawings is passed, the multi-examination platform of the competent department of planning and natural resources will push the digital documents of the construction drawings to the relevant competent departments, and simultaneously push the multi-examination platform through the online platform. According to the construction drawing documents, the relevant competent departments shall provide active services in advance for the relevant administrative matters of their own departments.

　　Article 15　The construction unit may put forward the joint acceptance intention according to the comprehensive risk level of the project when handling the construction permit procedures; After the completion of the project, the construction unit can decide whether to implement joint acceptance according to the comprehensive risk level of the project.

　　The implementation of joint acceptance of the project, the construction unit shall organize the project completion acceptance or self-examination after all qualified, submit an application for joint acceptance within 5 working days. For projects that do not implement joint acceptance, the construction unit shall organize the project completion acceptance in accordance with relevant regulations, and the relevant competent departments shall independently implement the acceptance according to law.

　　Article 16　The construction unit shall complete the construction task, confirm that the project quality conforms to the relevant laws and regulations, mandatory standards for project construction, design documents and contract requirements, organize the contractors to complete the project completion acceptance or self-inspection, and submit the project completion acceptance report (comprehensive). The project completion acceptance report (comprehensive) mainly includes the following contents (except the acceptance items not involved):

　　(a) the completion and acceptance of the project (including the fire inspection of the project);

　　(two) the completion and acceptance of civil air defense projects (including the payment of ex situ construction fees for air defense basements);

　　(three) the implementation of planning permission matters;

　　(four) the completion and acceptance of water supply, drainage, power supply, gas, heat and communication projects (hereinafter referred to as small municipal projects);

　　(five) the completion and acceptance of parking facilities;

　　(six) the collection, sorting and self-examination of engineering archives.

　　Article 17　The construction unit can fill in the application form for joint acceptance through the online platform, select the acceptance items involved in the project, upload the comprehensive notification letter of commitment, project completion acceptance report (comprehensive), completion drawings and other materials, submit the application for joint acceptance, or hold relevant materials to the municipal and district government service centers for on-site application.

　　Article 18　After the construction unit submits the joint acceptance application through the online platform, the online platform accepts the joint acceptance application, and transmits the application information and application materials involved in the project to the multi-inspection platform in real time.

　　Article 19　Within 15 days from the date of acceptance of the application for joint acceptance, the competent department of housing and urban construction shall organize the relevant competent departments to complete the on-site acceptance and issue acceptance opinions. The specific time of on-site acceptance shall be determined by the competent department of housing and urban-rural construction and the construction unit through consultation, and the competent department participating in on-site acceptance shall be fed back through the platform of multi-inspection.

　　At the site acceptance, low-risk projects should be completed within 1 day; General risk projects should be completed within 3 days; Major risk and major risk projects should be completed within 7 days.

　　Article 20　If all the acceptance opinions are "passed", the joint acceptance is passed. The multi-inspection platform generates a notice of joint acceptance opinions, and the construction unit can download and print it by itself through the online platform. Any acceptance opinion is "no pass", and the joint acceptance is no pass. The multi-inspection platform generates a notice of joint acceptance failure, and the municipal (district) housing and urban-rural construction department takes direct delivery to feedback the construction unit.

　　City (District) housing and urban construction departments in the joint acceptance notice stamped with the city (District) special seal for joint acceptance of construction projects, as a unified confirmation document through joint acceptance. The electronic seal for joint acceptance is implemented in this Municipality. The electronic seal and the special seal for objects have the same legal effect, and the notice of joint acceptance with electronic seal is legal and valid.

　　Article 21　For projects that fail to pass the joint acceptance, the relevant competent authorities shall order the illegal acts found to be corrected, and inform the construction unit of the matters that need to be rectified at one time. If the construction unit can complete the rectification within 7 days, it may apply for on-site review after the rectification. After on-site review, still does not meet the requirements, the construction unit shall re-organize the relevant acceptance of the project completion, and re-apply for joint acceptance or independent implementation of the acceptance. The rectification and review time is not included in the 15-day period.

　　Article 22　Projects subject to joint acceptance can only be delivered after passing the joint acceptance. The joint acceptance notice replaces the project completion acceptance record form, and the joint acceptance is deemed as the completion of the project completion acceptance record.

　　The warranty period of the construction unit for the project quality of the construction unit shall be calculated from the date when the construction unit organizes the relevant acceptance of the project completion. The warranty period of the construction unit for the project quality of the owner shall be calculated from the date of delivery.

Chapter IV Main Contents of Joint Acceptance

　　Article 23　The competent departments of housing and urban-rural construction and civil air defense shall, in accordance with their duties, conduct on-site inspection on the completion acceptance of the project (including the fire inspection of the project) and the completion acceptance of the civil air defense project, including supervising whether the organizational form, acceptance procedures and implementation acceptance standards of the project completion acceptance meet the relevant regulations, conducting spot checks on the filing materials of the project completion acceptance, conducting fire inspection on special construction projects or conducting spot checks on other construction projects’ fire inspection records, respectively, to form the quality supervision report, fire inspection or filing spot check records of the project (civil air defense project).

　　Article 24　If the competent department of planning and natural resources determines to participate in the on-site acceptance, it shall conduct spot checks on the implementation of planning permission matters and the self-inspection of project completion files; Do not participate in on-site acceptance, should be issued within the prescribed time limit planning acceptance opinions and file acceptance opinions.

　　Article 25　After the testing organization completes the supervision and inspection of special equipment installation, it will push the basic information and inspection related information of special equipment to the market supervision and management department. Special equipment users will no longer fill in the basic information and inspection information of special equipment when registering the use of special equipment.

　　After the registration of the use of special equipment is completed, if the market supervision and management department decides to participate in the on-site inspection, it shall verify whether the number and nameplate of special equipment are consistent with the registration form of the use of special equipment; Do not participate in on-site acceptance, should be issued within the prescribed time limit for special equipment acceptance opinions.

　　Article 26　City (District) Department in charge of transportation (parking management department) to participate in on-site acceptance, to deal with the acceptance of parking facilities construction units to conduct spot checks; Do not participate in on-site acceptance, should be issued within the prescribed time limit parking facilities acceptance opinions.

　　Article 27　The water department shall cancel the on-site acceptance of supporting water-saving facilities, and implement the notification commitment system for the completion acceptance of supporting water-saving facilities of construction projects.

　　Article 28　Optimize the audit scope of real estate surveying and mapping results. The comprehensive surveying and mapping work involved in the completion acceptance can be undertaken by the construction unit to choose a surveying and mapping unit or consortium that meets the requirements. Need to synchronize for real estate surveying and mapping results audit of engineering projects, submitted to the audit of real estate surveying and mapping results should be used as the basic data content of relevant acceptance items, housing and urban construction departments will no longer review the licensing content or technical indicators involved in relevant acceptance items.

　　Article 29　Integrate the file acceptance of major construction projects and urban construction file acceptance matters. For the joint acceptance of major construction projects involving government investment in fixed assets, the competent department of planning and natural resources shall notify the archives administration department to implement the file acceptance together, and the competent department of planning and natural resources shall clarify the file acceptance opinions.

　　Article 30　In the process of engineering construction, relevant technical indicators need to be approved in accordance with technical standards and specifications through inspection, testing, surveying and mapping, etc., mainly including planning verification, fire control facilities testing, supervision and inspection of special equipment, etc., and the construction unit shall timely entrust an institution with corresponding qualifications to complete the technical approval work in accordance with regulations.

Chapter V Municipal Public Services

　　Article 31　When the construction unit applies for planning permission, it can fill in the municipal access service demand in the planning permission application form. Municipal service enterprises carry out proactive services in advance, and provide services such as implementation plan consultation, design drawing consultation and site reconnaissance.

　　Article 32　After the construction unit obtains the planning permit, the municipal service enterprise will actively provide municipal access services according to the demand for municipal access services pushed synchronously, guide and assist the construction unit to complete the construction and acceptance of small municipal projects, and ensure that the municipal access and connectivity conditions are met.

　　Article 33　After the construction unit completes the construction of the small municipal project, the municipal service enterprise shall complete the connection of water supply, drainage, power supply and other supporting municipal public facilities before the construction unit organizes the project completion acceptance or self-inspection; Within 15 working days after the completion of the project, the supporting municipal public facilities such as gas, heat and communication will be connected.

　　Article 34　After the joint acceptance of the project, the municipal service enterprise shall provide timely operation services. For residential projects, municipal service enterprises should provide users with water supply, drainage, power supply, gas, heat and communication services in time to ensure the normal use of users.

Chapter VI Strengthening Post-event Supervision in Joint Acceptance.

　　Article 35　The competent departments shall, according to their respective functions and duties, strengthen the supervision of the joint acceptance work, and investigate and deal with the illegal acts of contractors and relevant personnel in violation of existing laws, regulations, standards and norms.

　　Article 36　All competent departments should strengthen credit supervision, conduct spot checks on the commitments made by the construction unit, and order the construction unit to make rectification within a time limit, and increase the inspection proportion and frequency of its projects under construction and new construction; If the circumstances are serious, joint punishment for dishonesty shall be implemented in terms of qualifications, bidding, finance and credit.

　　Article 37　The city adopts the method of government purchasing services, and entrusts third-party institutions to regularly evaluate the joint acceptance work and user satisfaction.

　　Article 38　The city has established a joint inspection and acceptance assessment mechanism, and the assessment results have been included in the scope of the city’s performance appraisal.

　　Article 39　Promote the disclosure of joint acceptance information. After the joint acceptance of the project is passed, the competent department of housing and urban-rural construction shall take the initiative to disclose the joint acceptance opinions of the project. Before the project is delivered for use, the construction unit shall voluntarily disclose the relevant information of joint acceptance of the project and accept social supervision.

　　Article 40　The construction unit shall be responsible for the quality of the construction project according to law. Relevant competent departments shall bear corresponding legal responsibilities for their acceptance opinions. Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that the specific acceptance opinions infringe upon their legitimate rights and interests may apply for administrative reconsideration to the competent department at the next higher level or the people’s government at the same level that issued the specific acceptance opinions, and may bring a lawsuit to the people’s court if they are not satisfied with the administrative reconsideration decision; You can also bring a lawsuit directly to the people’s court.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 41　The competent departments may formulate relevant implementation measures or detailed rules in accordance with these measures.

　　Article 42　These Measures shall come into force as of December 30, 2020, and the Interim Measures for Joint Acceptance of Social Investment Construction Projects in Beijing (J.J.F. [2018] No.118) and the Implementation Rules for Joint Acceptance of Construction Projects in Beijing (for Trial Implementation) (J.J.F. [2018] No.481) shall be abolished at the same time.

　　Attachment: Comprehensive Risk Classification Table of Engineering Projects (omitted)

　　(Note: Please visit the website of the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee for the attachment.)

　　Photo courtesy of people’s vision

　　[rumor]

　　Wu Liangyou, deputy director of the National Health Commission Municipal Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, said at the recent press conference of the joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council that the epidemic situation in the whole country has gradually stabilized, but the cross-input between regions has obvious influence, and the task of dynamically clearing all regions is very arduous.

　　While all parts of the country are working hard to achieve the goal of zero social coverage as soon as possible, rumors about the COVID-19 epidemic are constantly emerging. Flying catkins can accelerate the spread of Covid-19, antigen detection can replace nucleic acid detection, and wearing a mask can blow out a lighter, which proves that the mask is invalid &hellip; &hellip; The appearance of these rumors made people panic. In order to clarify the fallacy, solve doubts and doubts, the reporter of Science and Technology Daily interviewed relevant experts.

　　Can flying catkins accelerate the spread of Covid-19? Truth: There are no cases of infection caused by flying flocs.

　　Such as snow pear light white, wicker reveals the rich spring, fluttering sasa entrainment with such as snow pear, full of the city. It is said that April is the most beautiful day on earth, but when spring blossoms, the tough "flying season" in the north has also come. Catkin flying all over the sky comes to my face, and it "drills" into people’s mouths and noses if you are not careful.

　　As a result, some netizens take it for granted that since everything that has been exposed to Covid-19 may carry the virus, catkins flying in the air can also adsorb Covid-19 after contacting with droplets coughed up by infected people in Covid-19, which will accelerate the infection of healthy people with its dispersion.

　　In this regard, Wu Zunyou, chief epidemiologist of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, made it clear that in the past two years or so, it has not been found that flying flocks can adsorb viruses, and so far, there has been no report on the infection caused by flying flocks.

　　Wu Youzun said that Covid-19 generally does not directly infect healthy people from an infected person in the form of a free virus. Covid-19 usually uses droplets as a carrier and adsorbs them on the surface of tiny droplets. Patients cough and sneeze the droplets, and the virus is adsorbed on the droplets and discharged together. Droplets are generally small in size, with a particle size of 1-5 microns and a propagation distance of 1-2 meters. When healthy people come into contact with Covid-19-adsorbed droplets, they may be infected.

　　"In fact, this is the principle of aerosol transmission." Chen Chunqi, a professor at the School of Life Sciences of Hubei University, said that if Covid-19 is infected by flying flocs, very harsh conditions are required. First of all, infected people in COVID-19 need to sneeze or cough toward catkins, and the droplets adsorbed with the virus have to stick to catkins. Moreover, in order to reach a certain number of Covid-19, this piece of "poisonous" catkins must accurately touch the respiratory tract of healthy people before infection can occur. Therefore, so far, there are no cases of infection caused by flying flocs.

　　Although the fear of speeding up the spread of flying catkins in Covid-19 has been relieved, the danger of flying catkins spreading to Covid-19 has to be prevented. At the same time, in order to avoid pollen allergy caused by flying catkins in willow, it is suggested that the public must wear masks when going out. After returning indoors, you should wash your hands first, clean your nose and face at the same time, and clean up the flying flocks left on your coat in time.

　　Can antigen detection replace nucleic acid detection? Truth: nucleic acid testing is still the "gold standard"

　　COVID-19 antigen test kit, which can be used for home self-test, has been well received by the public since it was put on sale. Even at the beginning of the market, it was "empty" as soon as it was put on the shelves. Many people think that antigen testing is obviously more convenient than going to hospitals and communities for nucleic acid testing, and testing can be easily completed at home. Many people even think that antigen testing can completely replace nucleic acid testing. Is this idea reliable?

　　At the press conference held by the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, Wang Guiqiang, director of Infectious Diseases Department of the First Hospital of Peking University, made it clear that antigen testing is a very important supplementary means of nucleic acid testing, which is mainly carried out in the controlled population, the isolated population at home or the tightly controlled population, but antigen testing cannot replace nucleic acid testing, and its test results cannot be used as a substitute for nucleic acid testing results.

　　"Antigen detection is to detect antigen proteins outside Covid-19, while nucleic acid detection is to detect RNA (ribonucleic acid) inside Covid-19." Chen Chunqi introduced that if the number of antigen proteins on the surface of the virus is relatively small, then the test results identify &mdash; &mdash; The "little red bar" may not be displayed. However, nucleic acid detection needs to be completed by amplification, because with the amplification link, even if the number of nucleic acids is small, the number will increase greatly after amplification, which greatly increases the accuracy of detection, but it also causes a long detection time.

　　The two detection methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, but nucleic acid detection is still the "gold standard" to determine Covid-19 infection, and its position cannot be replaced by antigen detection.

　　At present, China adopts the screening mode of crossing nucleic acid detection and antigen detection, which can not only find the strong positive infected people in Covid-19 earlier, but also realize early detection, early reporting, early isolation and early treatment.

　　Wearing a mask can blow out the flames, which means that the mask is invalid? Truth: It is too one-sided to use this as a mask failure standard.

　　Recently, a "quick verification method" has been circulating in the circle of friends to see if a mask can block Covid-19. In the related video, a person wears a mask to blow the flame of a lighter, and points out that if he can blow out the flame with a mask, it means that the mask he wears cannot block Covid-19 and needs to be discarded.

　　The principle of this verification method is that if wearing a mask can blow out the flame, it means that the mask is "full of loopholes" and the airflow will pass easily.

　　In this regard, Qian Xiaoming, a professor at tianjin polytechnic university Textile Institute, said that the reason why masks can stop viruses mainly depends on meltblown cloth, which is made of polypropylene and consists of superfine fibers. The fiber diameter of the meltblown fabric can reach 1 to 4 microns, and the holes formed in the meltblown fabric are so small that even the Covid-19 with a very small diameter cannot pass through. At the same time, the superfine fiber of meltblown cloth has a large specific surface area and a strong electret charge, so it can easily absorb viruses and dust.

　　Qian Xiaoming believes that it is one-sided to judge the effectiveness of masks only by whether they can blow out the flames through them. "Because whether you can blow out the flame is related to the size of the flame, the distance you blow and the way you wear a mask." He said.

　　"If you want to ensure the effectiveness of the meltblown cloth mask, you must first meet the following three conditions. First, it is necessary to purchase mask products marked with qualified production batch numbers and meeting national standards in formal channels; Second, wear a mask correctly; Third, it is necessary to use the mask correctly and not use it repeatedly. " Qian Xiaoming said.

　　Is anti-aging NMN the "magic medicine" to cure COVID-19? Truth: The case study can’t reach the conclusion of curing COVID-19.

　　Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, every once in a while, various unreliable "specific drugs" have been circulated to treat COVID-19, including veterinary drugs, drinks and so on. Even garlic and realgar have been endowed with the efficacy of curing COVID-19.

　　Everyone will laugh at the obviously unreliable rumors, but recently there was an article on the Internet saying that the medical doctor of Harvard University used NMN to cure the seriously ill patients in COVID-19. It is also endorsed by Harvard University and involves the anti-aging "magic medicine" NMN. This rumor sounds very credible, so it has aroused widespread concern.

　　The full name of NMN is nicotinamide mononucleotide, which is a nucleotide derived from ribose and nicotinamide. It has been reported that NMN supplementation can increase the number of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in cells, thus improving the metabolic state of cells and finally playing an anti-aging role.

　　The statement that NMN cured COVID-19 was mainly based on a paper published by Dr. Robert, an American doctor. In this study, 10 patients were treated with NMN, and they all had symptoms such as fever and cough. Among them, 8 nucleic acids were positive, and blood tests showed that the inflammatory factors in the patient’s body increased to varying degrees. After receiving NMN treatment, the patient’s symptoms were relieved and the number of inflammatory factors decreased.

　　"Based on this study alone, it is impossible to conclude that NMN can cure COVID-19, because it is only a case study." Wang Yizhen, deputy director of the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Tianjin TEDA Hospital, said, "According to evidence-based medicine, the evidence sufficiency of case studies is very low. Take COVID-19 as an example, many patients can heal themselves. On the surface, the patients involved in the study got better after taking NMN, but can they recover if they don’t take NMN? This kind of case study cannot explain this key issue. "

　　(The pictures in this article are all from vision china except the labeling.)

　　[Original test drive] In today’s era of rapid consumption, one second is still a hot topic, and perhaps no one cares about the next second; The new words in people’s mOuths today will be said two days later. Maybe you will be labeled as "out". If you want to keep up with the rhythm, you have to constantly update the iteration. This truth is applicable to all walks of life. As a result, every year at the auto show, we can hear the news that "the number of first-time models has reached a record high", but compared with blindly expanding the product line, I appreciate the practice of constantly improving the quality of a car, so when I see this new almost unchanged appearance, I look forward to experiencing those "invisible and intangible" improvements.

● Appearance change is not the point.

　　At the briefing before the test drive, the factory staff said that in the investigation of the current car owners, we found that everyone was quite satisfied with the appearance of Yidong, so this time, the new car retained the appearance of the current model, only making adjustments in some details.

　　If the license plate with the words "new Yidong" is not hung, I think there are very few people who can recognize this new model except the owner of the cash Yidong. Looking for differences from the appearance of the car is a bit like playing the game "Let’s find fault". The headlights may be the biggest change in the front face. The addition of new lights can only be said to keep up with the times at present, while the black underskirt and the new exhaust pipe shape are all changes in the rear.

　　The change of the side is that the shape of the door handle has become the same as that of the escape XT, and the position has been moved up to the waistline of the car body, so the overall feeling of the car side has been improved compared with the current one, and the style of the five-spoke rim is no longer fresh, which is available on the current model.

　　In appearance, the new escape XT changes from some details to a younger direction. Whether the front air intake grille changes well or not is a matter of opinion, and the diffuser-like design of the tail part and the rear enclosure is believed to be favored by many young people.