Guangdong Provincial People’s Government on Issuing Vaccines in Guangdong Province

Notice of Emergency Plan for Safety Events (for Trial Implementation)

Yue Fu Han [2019] No.430

People’s governments at the local and municipal levels, departments and institutions directly under the provincial government:

　　The Emergency Plan for Vaccine Safety Events in Guangdong Province (for Trial Implementation) is hereby printed and distributed to you, please earnestly organize its implementation. Please report the problems encountered in the implementation process to the Provincial Food and Drug Administration.

people’s government of guangdong province

December 30, 2019

Emergency Plan for Vaccine Safety Events in Guangdong Province (Trial)

catalogue

　　1 General rules

　　1.1 Purpose of compilation

　　one.2 compilation basis

　　one.3 Scope of application

　　one.4 grading standard

　　one.5 disposal principle

　　2 organizational system

　　2.1 emergency command system

　　2.one.1 provincial vaccine safety incident in emergency headquarters

　　2.one.2 emergency headquarters office

　　2.one.3 responsibilities and composition of on-site command organization (working group)

　　2.one.three.1 Comprehensive Coordination Group

　　2.one.three.2 incident investigation team

　　2.one.three.3 Hazard Control Group

　　2.one.three.4 medical treatment group

　　2.one.three.5 emergency support group

　　2.one.three.6 publicity and reporting section

　　2.2 expert group

　　2.3 technical support institutions

　　3 Monitoring, early warning, reporting and evaluation

　　three.1 monitoring

　　three.one.1 Report the responsible subject

　　three.one.2 vaccine safety event information content

　　three.2 Early warning

　　three.3 report

　　three.three.1 reporting procedures and time limits

　　three.three.2 Report content and method

　　three.4 event evaluation

　　4 hierarchical response

　　four.1 Ⅰ level response

　　four.2 Ⅱ response

　　four.3 Ⅲ response

　　four.Level iv response

　　four.5 end of response

　　four.6 information release

　　four.six.1 release principle

　　four.six.2 release requirements

　　four.six.3 release form

　　5 Risk communication

　　five.1 Communication purpose

　　five.2 communication principle

　　five.3 communication methods

　　6 post-disposal

　　six.1 event assessment

　　six.2 Work summary

　　six.3 aftermath and recovery

　　7 safeguard measures

　　seven.1 information security

　　seven.2 personnel and technical support

　　seven.3 material and financial security

　　seven.4 emergency drills

　　seven.5 emergency publicity

　　8 Plan implementation

　　Appendix 1 Classification Criteria and Response Levels of Vaccine Safety Events

　　Appendix 2 Report Form of Important Information on Vaccine Safety (Preliminary Report)

　　Appendix 3 Report Form of Important Information on Vaccine Safety (Continued)

　　Appendix 4 Information Report on Vaccine Safety Emergencies

　　Annex 5 Emergency Response Process for Major Vaccine Safety Events

　　Appendix 6 Emergency Disposal Process of General Vaccine Safety Events

　　1 General rules

　　one.1 Purpose of compilation

　　In order to establish and improve the emergency response mechanism of vaccine safety incidents in our province, effectively prevent and actively respond to vaccine safety incidents, efficiently organize emergency response work, minimize the harm of vaccine safety incidents, safeguard public health and life safety, and maintain normal social and economic order, this plan is formulated in combination with the actual situation in our province.

　　one.2 compilation basis

　　People’s Republic of China (PRC) Emergency Response Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Drug Administration Law, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Vaccine Administration Law, Regulations on the Management of Vaccine Circulation and Vaccination, Opinions on Reforming and Perfecting the Vaccine Management System, Emergency Management Measures for Market Supervision, Emergency Plan for Drug and Medical Device Safety Emergencies (Trial), Emergency Plan for Vaccine Quality and Safety Incidents (Trial), National Monitoring Plan for Suspected Vaccination Abnormal Reaction and other relevant regulations.

　　one.3 Scope of application

　　The vaccine safety incidents mentioned in this plan refer to the vaccine safety information that is suspected of vaccination reaction and group adverse events, suspected to be related to vaccine quality after investigation, or found in daily supervision and inspection and risk monitoring, and other vaccine safety incidents that seriously affect public health.

　　This plan is applicable to the prevention, response and emergency handling of vaccine safety incidents involving our province in the administrative area of our province or outside the province.

　　one.4 grading standard

　　Vaccine safety incidents are divided into four levels: particularly significant, major, major and general, which correspond to level I, II, III and IV responses in turn (see Annex 1 for specific standards).

　　one.5 disposal principle

　　Follow the principles of unified leadership, graded responsibility, prevention first, rapid response, coordinated response, standardization according to law and scientific disposal.

　　2 organizational system

　　2.1 emergency command system

　　The province’s vaccine safety emergency command system is composed of emergency headquarters and its offices at all levels of the province, city and county (district), and is responsible for organizing, coordinating and guiding the vaccine safety emergency response work at the corresponding event level according to the principle of graded responsibility.

　　Emergency headquarters at the provincial level is responsible for responding to vaccine safety incidents of larger and above in its administrative area; The municipal headquarters with districts is responsible for responding to the general vaccine safety incidents in this administrative region.

　　2.one.1 provincial vaccine safety incident in emergency headquarters

　　Commander: Deputy Governor in charge

　　Deputy Commander: Deputy Secretary-General in charge of the provincial government, principal responsible comrades of the Provincial Food and Drug Administration and the Health and Wellness Committee.

　　Members: Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department, Political and Legal Committee, Foreign Affairs Office, Taiwan Affairs Office, Provincial Education Department, Public Security Department, Civil Affairs Department, Justice Department, Finance Department, Health and Wellness Committee, Market Supervision Bureau, Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office, Food and Reserve Bureau, Food and Drug Administration, Guangdong Branch of General Administration of Customs, Provincial Communications Administration, Guangdong Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau and other units in charge of responsible comrades and heads of self-discipline and co-governance groups of provincial vaccine production enterprises.

　　The commander may, according to the actual situation, transfer the responsible comrades of relevant provincial units as members.

　　Each member unit shall, according to the emergency response level and the unified deployment of the provincial headquarters, cooperate with the emergency response of vaccine safety emergencies according to their duties.

　　Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee: responsible for guiding the publicity and reporting of vaccine safety incidents and guiding public opinion.

　　Political and Legal Committee of the Provincial Party Committee: responsible for guiding, coordinating and urging political and legal organs to handle vaccine safety crime cases according to law.

　　Provincial Department of Education: responsible for assisting relevant provincial departments to investigate the causes of vaccine safety incidents among students in schools (including kindergartens) and organize emergency response.

　　Provincial Public Security Department: responsible for the maintenance of public order in the incident area; Traffic control of surrounding roads, ensuring smooth emergency rescue roads and urban public passenger traffic; Do a good job in investigating suspected criminal cases and severely crack down on crimes that endanger vaccine safety according to law.

　　Provincial Civil Affairs Department: responsible for the basic life assistance work of people who are affected by vaccine safety incidents and have difficulties in life and meet the conditions of social assistance.

　　Provincial Department of Justice: the legal adviser responsible for the decision-making of the provincial government on vaccine safety incidents.

　　Provincial Department of Finance: responsible for the fund guarantee for emergency rescue and emergency disposal of vaccine safety incidents.

　　Provincial Health and Wellness Committee: responsible for organizing and coordinating relevant medical institutions, disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units to carry out medical treatment for patients with vaccine safety incidents.

　　Foreign Affairs Office of the Provincial Party Committee, Taiwan Affairs Office and Provincial Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office: responsible for assisting the relevant regulatory authorities in emergency handling of vaccine safety incidents involving foreign countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

　　Provincial Market Supervision Bureau: responsible for investigating and handling trademark infringement and other illegal acts involved in vaccine safety incidents, and taking necessary emergency measures.

　　Provincial Grain and Reserve Bureau: responsible for the implementation of provincial plans and instructions for the use of important materials and emergency reserve materials.

　　Provincial Food and Drug Administration: responsible for the daily work of the provincial headquarters office; Responsible for collecting and reporting information on vaccine safety incidents; Coordinate relevant departments (units) to carry out emergency response work; Related vaccines involved in emergency control; Responsible for the investigation and handling of vaccine quality and safety incidents and related technical appraisal.

　　Guangdong Branch of the General Administration of Customs: responsible for coordinating the customs in the province to inform the relevant departments of the import and export links involved in vaccine safety incidents in a timely manner, and investigating and handling illegal acts in import and export vaccine safety incidents in border port areas within their jurisdiction; Organize relevant tests and take necessary emergency measures according to law; Carry out risk assessment of relevant vaccine safety incidents; Submit the report on the cause, disposal process and risk assessment of the incident.

　　Provincial Communications Administration: according to the written opinions issued by the drug supervision and administration, health and health supervisors and online information departments, cooperate with the investigation and punishment of illegal Internet sites and applications involved in vaccine safety incidents according to law; Responsible for organizing and coordinating all telecom operators to support the emergency command and communication support and ensure the smooth communication of the emergency command system.　

　　Guangdong Banking Insurance Regulatory Bureau: responsible for urging all insurance institutions in the province to timely carry out insurance claims related to vaccine safety.

　　Provincial vaccine production enterprise self-discipline and co-governance group: responsible for guiding vaccine marketing license holders to formulate and implement emergency plans for vaccine safety incidents and carry out vaccine safety-related education; Assist relevant regulatory authorities to carry out incident investigation and handling.

　　2.one.2 emergency headquarters office

　　The office of emergency headquarters Province is located in the Provincial Food and Drug Administration, and the main responsible comrades of the bureau also serve as the office director. Responsibilities are as follows:

　　(1) to undertake the daily work of emergency headquarters Province, organize and implement the work arrangements of emergency headquarters Province, and establish working mechanisms such as issuing documents, consulting, information release, expert group management and work supervision for emergency response to vaccine safety incidents.

　　(2) Check and urge relevant regions and departments to do all kinds of emergency disposal work, control the hazards in a timely and effective manner, and prevent the situation from spreading.

　　(3) Collect, summarize and analyze the emergency response information of vaccine safety incidents of all relevant departments, and report and inform the provincial headquarters of the emergency response work in a timely manner.

　　(4) to organize and coordinate the prevention, early warning and emergency response of vaccine safety incidents in the whole province, and organize relevant publicity, training and drills.

　　(5) organize the revision of the emergency plan for vaccine safety incidents.

　　(6) Organize the establishment and management of an expert group for emergency response to vaccine safety incidents.

　　(7) to complete other tasks assigned by the provincial headquarters.

　　Emergency headquarters and its office shall be established at the city and county levels to be responsible for organizing, coordinating and guiding the emergency work of vaccine safety incidents in their respective administrative areas.

　　2.one.3. Responsibilities and composition of on-site command organization (working group):

　　After the occurrence of general and major vaccine safety incidents, the people’s government at the place where the incident occurred set up an on-site command organization composed of responsible comrades of the people’s government at the same level and responsible comrades of relevant departments to organize, command and coordinate the on-site emergency response of emergencies in a unified way. The on-site command organization can set up a comprehensive coordination group, an incident investigation group, a hazard control group, a medical treatment group, an emergency support group and a publicity and reporting group according to the needs of emergency treatment, and adjust its setting and personnel composition according to the situation. It can also absorb the personnel and experts of the city and county headquarters, the person in charge of the emergency treatment team and the person in charge of the incident unit.

　　2.one.three.Comprehensive coordination group: led by the drug supervision and administration department, with the cooperation of health and finance departments. Responsible for the daily work of the on-site command organization; Collect, sort out and report information on handling vaccine quality and safety incidents; Organize an expert group meeting; Coordinate and provide necessary financial guarantee; Authorized by the on-site command organization, release the disposal work dynamics; To undertake other tasks assigned by the on-site command organization.

　　2.one.three.Incident investigation team: led by the drug supervision and administration department, with the cooperation of the departments of politics, law, public security and health. Responsible for investigating the causes of vaccine safety incidents, evaluating the impact of the incidents, making investigation conclusions and putting forward preventive opinions; For those suspected of committing crimes, the provincial public security department is responsible for supervising and guiding the public security organs involved in the case to file a case for investigation, find out the facts and investigate criminal responsibility according to law. According to the actual needs, the incident investigation team can be set up at the incident site or sent to the scene to carry out the investigation.

　　2.one.three.Hazard control group: led by the drug supervision and administration department, it is responsible for dispatching an emergency team to supervise and guide the relevant government departments in the incident area to recall, take off the shelves and seal up the vaccines, raw materials and related products involved, and strictly control the circulation channels to prevent the spread of hazards.

　　2.one.three.Medical treatment group: led by the health department, it is responsible for organizing and coordinating relevant medical institutions, dispatching medical treatment and public health experts, implementing the treatment of patients with vaccine safety incidents, assisting relevant departments in sanitary treatment of the incident site, organizing the allocation and guarantee of provincial emergency medical reserves, and strengthening the management of vaccine use.

　　2.one.three.5. Emergency Support Group: led by the departments of grain and reserve, drug supervision and administration, finance, etc., it provides emergency rescue funds and assists in the requisition of vehicles, and is responsible for coordinating and dispatching emergency rescue facilities, properly resettling the affected people, maintaining the safety and rescue order at the emergency site, strengthening public security management, maintaining social stability, and ensuring the customs clearance of entry-exit emergency equipment and materials.

　　2.one.three.6. Publicity and reporting group: led by the propaganda department, with the cooperation of the departments of drug supervision and management, health and communication management, including the Foreign Affairs Office, the Taiwan Affairs Office, the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office and other departments when involving foreign affairs, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. According to the information released by the on-site command organization, organize and coordinate the news media to do a good job in news reports on emergency response to vaccine safety incidents, and actively guide public opinion.

　　2.2 expert group

　　After the larger and above vaccine safety incidents, the Provincial Food and Drug Administration took the lead in selecting relevant experts from the provincial drug expert database to set up a provincial vaccine safety emergency expert group. Improve the relevant consultation mechanism to provide technical support for the emergency work of vaccine safety incidents at large and above levels.

　　2.3 technical support institutions

　　The units directly under the Provincial Food and Drug Administration or the entrusted units shall carry out emergency sampling, inspection and testing, data and information collection and analysis according to their duties. According to the authorization or entrustment, organize the evaluation and judgment of the nature, development trend and harmful impact of the incident. The units directly under the Provincial Food and Drug Administration shall designate relevant departments to be responsible for the emergency work of vaccine safety incidents.

　　3 Monitoring, early warning, reporting and evaluation

　　three.1 monitoring

　　Vaccine management departments shall, in accordance with their duties, carry out routine vaccine safety supervision and inspection, sampling inspection, risk monitoring, public opinion monitoring and other work, collect, analyze and judge information on potential risks that may lead to vaccine safety incidents, notify relevant departments and regions when necessary, and relevant regulatory authorities shall take effective control measures according to law.

　　Vaccine marketing license holders and vaccine entrusted storage and distribution enterprises shall implement the main responsibility of vaccine safety according to law, establish and improve risk monitoring and prevention measures, conduct self-examination on a regular basis, and carefully investigate and eliminate hidden dangers of vaccine safety risks. Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units strengthen the standardized management of vaccination, strengthen the professional training of vaccination personnel, and improve the level of vaccination services. When there are hidden dangers of vaccine safety incidents, it is necessary to immediately report to the local drug regulatory authorities and related business regulatory authorities.

　　three.one.1 Report the responsible subject

　　(1) Disease prevention and control institutions and vaccination units in case of vaccine safety emergencies;

　　(2)AEFI (suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination) monitoring institution;

　　(3) drug supervision and administration departments at all levels;

　　(4) Other units and individuals.

　　three.one.2 vaccine safety event information content

　　(1) information about suspected abnormal reaction to vaccination and suspected vaccine-related information after investigation;

　　(2) information on vaccine safety incidents found in daily supervision and inspection and risk monitoring;

　　(3) instructions given by superior leaders on vaccine safety incidents;

　　(4) information on vaccine safety incidents assigned or supervised by higher authorities;

　　(5) Information on vaccine safety incidents notified by relevant departments at home and abroad;

　　(6) information on vaccine safety incidents reflected by complaints and reports from the masses;

　　(7) Public opinion information that belongs to or may form a vaccine safety incident;

　　(8) Vaccine safety incident information obtained from other channels.

　　three.2 Early warning

　　Emergency departments of drug supervision, health and other vaccine safety incidents at all levels should play the role of expert groups and technical support institutions, analyze the risk factors related to vaccine safety incidents, and put forward analysis and evaluation opinions on risk factors, risk levels, scope of influence, urgency and possible hazards that may endanger public health. If a vaccine safety incident may occur or relevant information is received, the vaccine risk warning or guidance information shall be issued through the headquarters office, and the emergency department at the next lower level and the unit where the incident may occur shall be notified to take targeted preventive measures. At the same time, according to the characteristics, harm degree and development trend of possible incidents, the emergency response team and relevant units are instructed to enter the standby state, and a working group is sent to conduct on-site supervision as appropriate to check the implementation of preventive response measures.

　　three.3 report

　　three.three.1 reporting procedures and time limits

　　(1) Initial report. After the suspected vaccine safety incident occurs, the drug supervision and administration departments at all levels and listed companies should grasp the situation as soon as possible and report the emergency information in time. Especially serious and major vaccine safety incidents should be reported by telephone within 30 minutes and written within 1 hour after learning the relevant information; Large-scale vaccine safety emergencies should be reported in writing to the Provincial Food and Drug Administration within 6 hours after learning the relevant information; Other emergencies that may involve vaccine safety shall be reported in writing within 24 hours after receiving relevant information.

　　The Provincial Food and Drug Administration shall track and coordinate the information of the general vaccine safety incidents received, and report the preliminary situation to the people’s government of National Medical Products Administration and the province in time and report the details in writing.

　　(2) Continued reporting. After the initial report, the drug supervision and administration departments at the local level and listed on the market should strengthen the tracking and verification of relevant information, organize analysis and judgment, and timely report relevant information according to the development of events and emergency response. Especially important and major vaccine safety incidents should be reported at least once a day. If significant progress is made in the disposal process or key information can be determined, the progress should be reported within 24 hours.

　　(3) Final report. It should be reported within 7 working days after the end of emergency handling.

　　(4) nuclear report. Upon receipt of the information required for verification, the drug supervision and administration department at the place where the incident occurred shall promptly verify it and feed back the relevant information according to the time limit. In principle, the information required by National Medical Products Administration and the provincial party committee and government should be reported by telephone within 20 minutes; If written information is explicitly requested, it shall be reported within 50 minutes. For the information required by the Provincial Food and Drug Administration, it is necessary to give telephone feedback within 30 minutes; If it is explicitly required to submit written information, feedback shall be given within 1 hour.

　　three.three.2 Report content and method

　　Report the information of vaccine safety incidents to National Medical Products Administration, and submit it in the form of "Report Form of Major Information on Vaccine Safety" (Annexes 2 and 3), which is divided into initial report and continuation report. After the initial report, according to the development of the incident and emergency response, timely report. The initial report includes the time, place, current situation, degree of harm, pre-treatment and development trend of the incident. The contents of the continuation report include the progress of the incident, follow-up measures, investigation details, cause analysis, etc.

　　Report the vaccine safety incident information to the provincial people’s government, and submit it in the form of "Information Report on Vaccine Safety Emergencies" (Annex 4).

　　Event information reports generally take the form of fax. When submitting information, you can first report the main situation of the incident by telephone, SMS, etc., and then submit relevant written materials in time. When reporting, you should ensure that the information is correct. The report of confidential information shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions on confidentiality.

　　three.4 event evaluation

　　After the occurrence of a vaccine safety incident, the drug supervision and administration department shall organize an incident assessment according to law, preliminarily determine whether it is a vaccine safety incident, and verify the level of the incident, and report the relevant information to the headquarters at the same level, and the headquarters shall put forward suggestions to the people’s government at the same level to start emergency response. The evaluation contents mainly include:

　　(1) the possible health hazards and the scope involved, whether the consequences and severity of health hazards have been caused;

　　(2) the scope and severity of the incident;

　　(3) The development and spread trend of the incident.　

　　4 hierarchical response

　　four.1 class I response

　　In case of particularly serious vaccine safety incidents, according to the deployment requirements of the State Council and the national joint inter-ministerial conference on vaccine management, under the unified command of National Medical Products Administration, the provincial food and drug administration should promptly ask the provincial people’s government to set up the provincial emergency headquarters, and the provincial emergency headquarters will start the Class I response and do a good job in emergency response.

　　four.one.1. After receiving the notification or notification from National Medical Products Administration, emergency headquarters immediately notified all levels of drug supervision and administration departments and health departments, disease prevention and control institutions, and relevant vaccine business and use units within their respective administrative areas to immediately stop purchasing, distributing and using the vaccines involved; Organize the local storage of vaccines involved, check the procurement and distribution channels, track the flow direction and make summary statistics; Make statistics on the related vaccine adverse events within the administrative area.　

　　four.one.2. If the incident occurred within the administrative region of this province, the Provincial Food and Drug Administration shall coordinate with relevant units to implement the work according to the deployment requirements of National Medical Products Administration; Coordinate the health department to carry out medical treatment for patients; Take emergency control measures for vaccines involved in this administrative area according to law.　

　　four.2 Ⅱ response

　　In case of major vaccine safety incidents, under the unified command of National Medical Products Administration, the Provincial Food and Drug Administration shall promptly ask the provincial people’s government to set up a provincial emergency headquarters, and the provincial emergency headquarters will start the level II response and immediately carry out the disposal work according to the procedures.

　　four.2.Emergency headquarters, the first province, immediately notified all levels of drug supervision and administration departments and health departments, provincial centralized drug procurement platforms, disease prevention and control institutions, related vaccine distribution enterprises and inoculation units within their respective administrative areas to immediately stop purchasing, distributing and using vaccines; Organize the local storage of vaccines involved, check the procurement and distribution channels of vaccines, track the flow direction and make summary statistics; Make statistics on the related vaccine adverse events within the administrative area.　

　　four.2.2. If the incident occurred within the administrative region of this province, the Provincial Food and Drug Administration shall coordinate with relevant units to implement the work according to the deployment and requirements of National Medical Products Administration; Coordinate the health department to carry out medical treatment for patients; Take emergency control measures for vaccines involved in this administrative area according to law.

　　four.3 Ⅲ response

　　In the event of a major vaccine safety incident, the Provincial Food and Drug Administration should promptly ask the provincial people’s government to set up a provincial emergency headquarters, and the provincial emergency headquarters will start a level III response.

　　four.three.1. The office of emergency headquarters Province will report the relevant information to the people’s government of National Medical Products Administration Province in a timely manner, and continue to report the relevant information in a timely manner.　

　　four.three.Each member unit and on-site command organization in emergency headquarters Province will report the work information to the office of emergency headquarters Province every day, and major emergencies should be submitted immediately. The Office of emergency headquarters Province compiles and distributes the Information Report on Vaccine Safety Emergencies daily, which is submitted to National Medical Products Administration, the provincial party committee and the provincial government, and distributed to the member units of emergency headquarters Province.

　　four.three.Emergency headquarters, 3 provinces, held regular meetings to report the progress of the work and study and deploy major issues in emergency response.

　　four.three.According to the patient’s treatment, the medical treatment team coordinated the provincial health and appointed a provincial medical team to rush to the incident to guide the medical treatment.

　　four.three.5 according to the situation of the incident, send working groups and expert groups to the incident to guide the disposal; The person in charge of emergency headquarters Province rushed to the scene of the incident as appropriate.

　　four.three.Where the incident occurred in our province and the holder of the vaccine marketing license was in other provinces, the Provincial Food and Drug Administration timely notified the provincial drug supervision and administration department where the holder of the vaccine marketing license was located and put forward the emergency response requirements.

　　four.three.7. The Hazard Control Group verifies the varieties and production batch numbers of the vaccines involved, and guides the disease prevention and control institutions, vaccine distribution enterprises and inoculation units to take emergency control measures such as on-site storage, checking vaccine procurement and distribution channels, tracking the flow direction and summarizing statistics according to law; Organize sampling inspection of relevant vaccines.　

　　four.three.According to the progress of the investigation, the incident investigation team organized an expert group meeting in a timely manner to judge the nature and causes of the incident and make a conclusion.　

　　four.three.9. The news propaganda group will release warning information to the society in time, and set up and publicize the consultation telephone number; Make a news report plan and release the event information in a timely, objective and accurate manner; Pay close attention to social and online public opinion and do a good job in guiding public opinion.　

　　four.three.Pay close attention to social trends, do a good job in appeasing relatives of vaccinators, receiving letters and visits, etc., to ensure social stability.

　　four.three.11 The drug supervision and administration departments at the prefecture level and listed on the market shall take the following measures:

　　After receiving the notice or notification from the Provincial Food and Drug Administration, the drug supervision and administration departments at all levels, disease prevention and control institutions, vaccine distribution enterprises and inoculation units within their respective administrative areas will be notified at the first time; Coordinate relevant departments to conduct on-site verification of the incident, including the time and place of occurrence, the name and production batch number of the vaccine, the performance of adverse events, the number of cases involved in the incident and the number of deaths; Coordinate the health department to carry out medical treatment for patients; Organize on-site investigation on the production, distribution and use of vaccines; Take emergency control measures for the vaccines involved in this administrative area according to law, organize the local storage of the vaccines involved, check the procurement and distribution channels of vaccines, track the flow and make summary statistics; Relevant information shall be reported to the Provincial Food and Drug Administration in a timely manner.

　　The drug supervision and administration department where the vaccine marketing license holder is located shall assist in organizing on-site investigation on the production and circulation of related drugs; Supervise enterprises to recall vaccines involved; In accordance with the requirements of the Provincial Food and Drug Administration, organize sampling and inspection of vaccine samples of vaccine marketing license holders. Relevant information shall be reported to the Provincial Food and Drug Administration in a timely manner.

　　four.Level iv response

　　In the event of a general vaccine safety incident, the municipal drug supervision and administration department at the place where the incident occurred shall promptly ask the Municipal People’s Government to set up a municipal emergency headquarters, start a level IV response, and report the disposal of the incident step by step. The Provincial Food and Drug Administration will closely follow the incident and give guidance and support to the disposal.

　　four.four.1 emergency headquarters will report the relevant information to the provincial people’s government and the provincial food and drug administration in a timely manner, and continue to report the relevant information in a timely manner.　

　　four.four.2 emergency headquarters member units and working groups shall report their work information to the comprehensive coordination group every day, and major emergencies shall be submitted immediately. The comprehensive coordination group compiles and distributes the Information Report on Vaccine Safety Emergencies daily, which is submitted to the provincial party committee, the provincial government and the provincial food and drug administration, and distributed to all members of the municipal headquarters.　

　　four.four.Emergency headquarters held regular meetings to report the progress of the work and study and deploy major issues in emergency response.

　　four.four.According to the patient’s treatment, the medical treatment team coordinated to send medical experts to the incident site to guide the medical treatment.　

　　four.four.5 according to the situation of the incident, send an incident investigation team and an expert group to the incident site to guide the handling; The person in charge of emergency headquarters rushed to the scene of the incident as appropriate.　

　　four.four.Where the incident occurred in our province and the holder of the vaccine marketing license was in other provinces, the Provincial Food and Drug Administration timely notified the provincial drug supervision and administration department where the holder of the vaccine marketing license was located and put forward the emergency response requirements.

　　four.four.7. The Hazard Control Group verifies the variety and batch number of the vaccines involved, and guides relevant departments, medical institutions and production and business units to take emergency control measures such as sealing, tracing the source and tracing the flow direction according to law; Organize sampling inspection of relevant vaccines.　

　　four.four.According to the progress of the investigation, the incident investigation team organized an expert group meeting in a timely manner to judge the nature and causes of the incident and make a conclusion.　

　　four.four.9. The news propaganda group will release warning information to the society in time, and set up and publicize the consultation telephone number; Make a news report plan and release the event information in a timely, objective and accurate manner; Pay close attention to social and online public opinion and do a good job in guiding public opinion.　

　　four.four.Pay close attention to social trends, do a good job in appeasing relatives of vaccinators, receiving letters and visits, etc., to ensure social stability.

　　four.5 end of response

　　After the cause of the incident is clearly investigated, the potential safety hazard or related hazardous factors are eliminated or the disposal is finished, the headquarters that announced the start of the emergency response will announce the end of the emergency response and lift the emergency state. Emergency headquarters, the superior, should hand over all the work with emergency headquarters, the subordinate, and be responsible for guiding emergency headquarters, the subordinate, to do the follow-up work.

　　four.6 information release

　　four.six.1 release principle

　　Adhere to the principles of seeking truth from facts, being timely and accurate, and being scientific and fair.

　　four.six.2 release requirements

　　The level I response was released by the the State Council and the National Inter-ministerial Joint Conference on Vaccine Management.

　　Level II response is related information released by National Medical Products Administration.

　　For level III response and level IV response, the headquarters that announced the start of emergency response will release relevant information according to the requirements of the plan.

　　Without authorization, other units and individuals have no right to release information on vaccine safety incidents.

　　four.six.3 release form

　　Information release includes authorized release, organizing reports, accepting interviews with reporters, holding press conferences, and reporting on key news websites or government websites.

　　5 Risk communication

　　five.1 Communication purpose

　　Respond to social concerns, strengthen positive guidance, avoid rumors, and create a good public opinion environment.

　　five.2 communication principle

　　Follow the basic principles of active preparation, timely initiative, true information, consistent caliber and concern.

　　five.3 communication methods

　　Level I response According to the requirements of the the State Council and the National Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference on Vaccine Management, National Medical Products Administration should communicate the corresponding risks; For level II response, National Medical Products Administration will designate a special person to communicate the risks to the outside world; The level III and IV responses shall be communicated with the outside according to the pre-plan requirements of the provincial people’s government and the people’s governments at the local level. Communication methods include press conference, TV interview and written interview.

　　6 post-disposal

　　six.1 event assessment

　　Headquarters offices at all levels shall make an objective, true and comprehensive investigation and evaluation of vaccine safety incidents in a timely manner according to regulations, including the basic information such as the cause, nature, impact, consequences and responsibilities of the incident, the conclusion of the incident and the risk assessment.

　　six.2 Work summary

　　After the emergency treatment of vaccine safety incidents, the headquarters at all levels should summarize the incident, main measures taken, disposal work, cause analysis and main practices in time, and put forward improvement measures.

　　six.3 aftermath and recovery

　　The headquarters at all levels shall, according to the harm degree and losses caused by the vaccine safety incident, put forward opinions on the aftermath and report them to the people’s government at the same level for approval. The people’s government of the place where the incident occurred is responsible for organizing the aftermath, including the disposal of the injured and affected personnel, condolences, medical treatment, compensation (compensation), requisition of materials and compensation for rescue expenses, etc., to eliminate the impact as soon as possible, restore the order of production and operation, and ensure social stability.

　　7 safeguard measures

　　seven.1 information security

　　Information monitoring institutions of vaccine safety incidents at all levels should establish and improve the information collection and reporting system, pay close attention to the problems of signs and tendencies, and ensure that the information is submitted accurately and timely when the incident occurs. Found that the release of false information, spreading rumors, etc., should be promptly notified to the relevant departments.

　　seven.2 personnel and technical support

　　Drug supervision and management, health and health departments at all levels should strengthen the construction of emergency response capacity and improve the rapid response capacity and technical level. Improve the team of experts, and provide talent guarantee for incident investigation, risk assessment and other related technical work.

　　seven.3 material and financial security

　　The reserve and transfer of facilities, equipment and materials required for emergency treatment of vaccine safety incidents should be guaranteed. The funds required for emergency handling of vaccine safety incidents, product sampling and inspection shall be included in the annual financial budget to ensure emergency funds.

　　seven.4 emergency drills

　　The Provincial Food and Drug Administration and the Health and Health Commission take the lead in regularly organizing emergency drills for major vaccine safety incidents and constantly improving emergency plans. Drug supervision and administration, health and health departments at all levels should organize relevant personnel to carry out vaccine safety emergency management training in a planned way every year.

　　seven.5 emergency publicity

　　Through radio, television, internet and other forms, the laws, regulations and related common sense of vaccine safety emergency management are widely publicized to enhance the public’s sense of social responsibility and self-protection ability.

　　8 Plan implementation

　　(1) This plan is formulated by the provincial people’s government, interpreted by the Provincial Food and Drug Administration, and revised in time according to relevant laws, regulations and policies, as well as problems found in the implementation process.

　　(2) This plan shall come into force as of the date of promulgation, with a trial period of 2 years.

　　Attachment: 1.Classification standard and response level of vaccine safety events

　　　　　2.Report Form of Important Information on Vaccine Safety (Preliminary Report)

　　　　　three.Report Form of Important Information on Vaccine Safety (Continued)

　　　　　four.Information report on vaccine safety emergencies

　　　　　five.Emergency handling process of major vaccine safety incidents

　　　　　six.Emergency handling process of general vaccine safety incidents

Chen Kaige

1.6 billion yen!

This is a good box office result of the film in Japan, and it has become the most popular Chinese film in Japan in the past ten years.

This should be a gratifying event, which proves that China’s film art has been recognized overseas. However, the subsequent development surprised people: The Legend of the Demon Cat soon became the focus of the topic again, but unfortunately it was negative — — The film was accused of plagiarism.

　 　 　 　Coincidentally, such a thing happened in the past few months. The big winner at the Oscar ceremony was similarly "plagiarized and touched porcelain". Moreover, the time point of this incident is similar to that of The Legend of the Demon Cat, which is the time when the exposure of the two films is extremely high — — The appearance of Water Story is on the eve of the award.

　 　 　 　

　 　 　 　The same incident happened a few years ago. James Cameron suffered "plagiarism" because his film sold a magic box office of $2.7 billion and the claim amount was outrageous. What is even more outrageous is that this work was sued by four people for plagiarism.

　 　 　 　

　 　 　 　I want to express my highest "respect" to these "masters" who dare to stand up and safeguard the rights and interests of their works, because there is no room for sand in their eyes.

　 　 　 　For example, our Mr. Shi Jiaofeng, in order to protect his intellectual property rights, didn’t see the explanation when the Legend of the Demon Cat was publicized. This work was adapted from the Japanese magic series novel "The Ghost Banquet of the Tang Dynasty in the Empty Sea". I’m sorry I’m just a little ignorant here, but how can I copy it when people say adaptation?

　 　 　 　Mr. Shi Jiaofeng should not seek the rights protection from The Legend of the Demon Cat, but should seek the rights protection from Baku Yumemakura, the author of The Ghost Banquet of the Tang Dynasty. After all, only in this way can the disease be cured, and the root cause can be found once and for all on the road of safeguarding rights, which will deal a fatal blow to these "plagiarists".

　 　 　 　As a predecessor of safeguarding rights, Zhou Shaomou gave us "evidence" that we admire. Apart from the cliches about people and scenes, Mr. Zhou Shaomou said that the aliens in Avatar are the most naked plagiarism, because the aliens in Avatar are exactly the same as those in his novels, and the prototype of aliens in the novels comes from his own face.

　 　 　 　Only then did I know: words can really come true after several times, and someone is really imitating my face.

　 　 　 　This not only "infringes" Mr. Zhou Shaomou’s copyright, but also "infringes" his portrait right, demanding compensation of 1 billion yuan, which is to safeguard the dignity of his own works and personality.

　 　 　 　After being accused of plagiarism, Water Story still claims compensation. Therefore, from all these "farce" and arguments, what I see is the more serious disrespect for intellectual property rights and works of art hidden behind the incident.

　 　 　 We can find common ground from these three things.

　 　 　 　"The Legend of the Demon Cat" used 250 million yuan to create a feast of bliss, which was not recognized by many audiences. The domestic box office performance of 530 million yuan can only be said to be average. Before and during the film’s release, no one pointed out that the film had any plagiarism. It happened that when The Legend of the Demon Cat performed well at the box office in Japan, there was a so-called plagiarism.

　 　 　 　When Water Story was first released in Venice, there was no problem of plagiarism. This extremely serious negative news appeared when "Tale of Water" was trying to hit the Oscar with all its strength. Director Toro was also extremely indignant at the time: "The purpose of this incident is obvious."

　 　 　 　"Avatar" was accompanied by a big box office sale, and received three court summons within 10 days. James Cameron prepared a 45-page statement to prove the innocence of his work.

　 　 　 　The root of these "touching porcelain" incidents is that these works have great commercial benefits to be tapped. These people want to "find another way" to share a piece of cake, take advantage of it, and at worst, attract people’s attention and make themselves a hot spot. This "buffoon" behavior reflects an extremely unhealthy industrial phenomenon.

　 　 　 　Although "The Legend of the Demon Cat" has not been finalized, and "Tale of Water" has not been overshadowed by this incident at the award ceremony, such behavior is a disrespect for the creator himself and a pernicious corrosion of the original soil.

　 　 　 　Why did these three films encounter "touching porcelain"? By comparison, we will find the reason.

　 　 　 　The Legend of the Demon Cat, The Story of Water and Avatar are not films with particularly complicated stories. Their artistic attainments are more about the construction of the world outlook and the profound core in their works.

　 　 　 　 It is precisely this that gives the "chicken thief" a chance. Take the Story of Water as an example, its story is very common, and it is not uncommon to rescue other civilized creatures as human experimental objects in commercial films.

　 　 　 　This setting is not exclusive. I also watched the 12-minute short film "The Space Between Us", and its sense of story form is similar to that of "Water Story". The whole film is more like the story at the end of "Water Story".

　 　 　 　 However, the film "The Space Between Us" itself is much thinner than the deep philosophical core of "The Story of Water". It’s like two people have a similar idea at the same time, but the quality of the works presented is quite different.

　 　 　 　These three works are basically of this type, and the "chicken stealers" only dare to make a fuss about this type of film, because they are too complicated to challenge the script.

　 　 　 　More and more people go into cinemas and choose movies whose themes can attract them. But after all, not everyone is very familiar with film production and the crew itself. Therefore, when some movies are "plagiarized and touched by porcelain", ordinary viewers can’t judge the truth behind the incident for the first time. They will be misled at the first time, which will greatly hurt the producers of the film and make their hard-working works be wronged.

　 　 　 　 Here, I appeal to the fans. If something like this happens to your favorite or disliked movies, don’t follow the trend for the first time, but learn more and think more. Specifically:

　 　 　 　We hope that the Legend of the Demon Cat can get a fair judgment, and we also hope that such "plagiarism touching porcelain" incidents will become less and less. After all, good film works are not copied, but the painstaking efforts of the film production team. Of course, a thousand readers have a thousand Hamlets. Do you think these three works have been copied?

　 　 1905 movie network news The high-profile crime suspense film was released nationwide on May 15th. The film won the highest prize of Rome International Film Festival, the jury prize of Beijing University Student Film Festival and other domestic and international awards in succession. Two rounds of movies in China have been acclaimed by the industry and abroad, and the number of people who want to see it on well-known ticketing websites such as Cat’s Eye and Guevara is even catching up with Reunion 2, which indicates that this high-quality film will set off a nationwide "watch the best domestic film of the year in advance" viewing craze.

Aspect 1: The strongest word of mouth in May is known as "locking the best domestic film of the year in advance"

　 　 Twelve Citizens, a crime suspense masterpiece, was released nationwide. At the previous premiere of the film, Xu Xiaoping, Zhang Jiajia, Huang Xi and many other celebrities in and outside the industry jointly recommended the film. The famous director Huatao Teng said: "Twelve Citizens is a domestic film that everyone must see this year!" Zhang Jiajia, a famous writer, voiced for the film: "This film has completely achieved an extreme, … … The story is wonderful from beginning to end, and everyone’s psychological process and their own past events are displayed. " Pan Caifu, a famous writer, was very excited after watching the film, and wrote that night: "The first half of the year is not over yet, but the best domestic film of the year has been born. I am convinced of this. " Yan Peng, a famous film critic, praised director Xu Ang’s handling of conflicts and lines in movies and dramas at a cross-border movie viewing salon, which can give "a lesson to most domestic directors". He also thought that Twelve Citizens should be among the best in the domestic film rankings in 2015. "Any annual Chinese film list without this film is untrustworthy!"

　 　 Xu Xiaoping, a famous film producer who invested in this film, said: "Nowadays, there are too many films that rely on fans to get the box office, but there are too few films like Twelve Citizens that rely on acting and stories to impress people, and that reflect the society. Twelve Citizens is commendable." He said that from "Twelve Citizens" to "Twelve Citizens", he insisted on investing in movies that were both desirable and good-looking.

　 　 In addition to the praise of celebrities, in the previous film activities, "Twelve Citizens" was widely affirmed by audiences from all over the world. As a remake, "Twelve Citizens" is as wonderful as the original, but the localized plot is more grounded and sharp, and the plot without urine and breathing won the applause after the screening. After watching the screening, a college student posted a film review titled "Mom no longer has to worry that I will be frightened when I see domestic films", and the release of Twelve Citizens was also regarded by the industry as a battle for the dignity of domestic films in the first half of the year.

Aspect 2: China’s version of "12 Angry Men" has a sharp acting line and "speaks off the charts"

　 　 "Twelve Citizens" was performed by twelve national treasures, such as He Bing and Han Tongsheng. Twelve national treasures from He Bing and Han Tongsheng, both from the People’s Arts and Mandarin, competed on the same stage to show the audience what "acting school" means. The 12 leading actors played the roles of doctors, real estate agents, security guards, professors, insurance salesmen and so on from different social strata. Everyone’s scenes were allocated reasonably, and they all excelled at the same time.

　 　 Twelve "angry men" who "angry" for justice did their best to graft the tension of drama into the film perfectly in a narrow closed space, and interpreted the secret room debate of Twelve Citizens as the carefree feeling of martial arts masters’ confrontation. Every "angry man" tells his own unknown past, and the "father as a child and gentleman as a minister" frequently recited by juror No.3 seems to contain sad things at home; Juror No.5 was called a "capitalist" by others, and after a run, it finally erupted like a volcano. "You are hating the rich!" Accusing his college girlfriend, he shouted, "When you see a good girl get off a good car, you call her a rich man. You are jealous! That is an insult to outstanding young women in China! " , the core figure played by He Bing — — Juror No.8 is even more forceful. "No one can judge a person guilty unless the evidence is conclusive." In the face of Han Tongsheng’s ferocious provocation and accusing him of "nitpicking", he held back his anger and asked, "Should a person be shot? Should this be nitpicking?" Sharp lines can be found everywhere in movies, and the screening sometimes attracts the audience to burst into laughter and clap their hands.　

Aspect 3: "Century Court Play" was born to stage the ultimate trial for the truth.

　 　 The background of the film is very pleasing. The jury system is added to a mock trial, and a "court drama of the century" in which 12 people from different classes debate under the same roof is performed. In the depiction of the courtroom drama, the wonderful story of the film is not only perfectly inherited, but also strengthens the reasoning and suspense in the tense confrontation of the courtroom drama. In the tense multi-person confrontation, the story is gradually stripped. "Is the rich second generation killing his father?" Is it guilty or not? Is the evidence conclusive? The truth gradually surfaced, and the process has been exciting. As He Bing said, in the process of pursuing the truth, the bigger enemy we face is "prejudice". How to fight against inner prejudice to pursue the truth and save a life has become the biggest suspense of the film.

Aspect 4: The murder of the rich second generation, the suspense of city by the sea’s crime, brewing "flat thunder"

　 　 "Twelve Citizens" tells the story of a "rich second generation" patricide case that happened in contemporary China. Because it is full of controversy and doubts, it has aroused strong public concern. In an experimental virtual court, a "Chinese jury" emerged, and 12 ordinary people who had nothing to do with each other and represented all walks of life got together. After listening to the trial in the student court, they discussed the case in an unprecedented way and made a final "judgment" on the case … … The film revolves around a suspenseful case of patricide of the rich second generation. From eleven people finding the rich second generation guilty to the final truth, all eleven people defected and found him innocent. In the middle, the layers of fog, such as suspicious witness testimony and unclear pointing of murder tools, were cleared away one by one. The audience could not help but be brought into the tense process of uncovering the truth in the film, as if they were the 13th juror on the scene, sharing joys and sorrows with the film’s leading actors.

Aspect 5: Adapted from Hollywood classic IP story localization is more grounded and more edgy.

　 　 Twelve Citizens is adapted from 12 Angry Men, a classic in film history. The original version has long been regarded as a masterpiece in the hearts of fans. As the first adaptation of the China version, Twelve Citizens has achieved a perfect tribute to the original through the affirmation of many domestic and foreign awards. Director Xu Ang ingeniously transplanted the western jury system into the current social soil of China, which made the misunderstanding of fairness, justice and prejudice have a chemical reaction in China society and created a meaningful contemporary "Chinese prophecy". Shooting 12 Angry Men in a country without a jury system, Xu Ang, a director who is good at classic localization, has accomplished an almost "impossible task" and created a fascinating crime suspense masterpiece for the audience, which is suitable for the 80′ s and 90′ s youth.

　　[Information] On March 30, 2012, Shenzhen BYD Daimler New Technology Co., Ltd. (BDNT), a joint venture established by Automobile Co., Ltd. and Daimler according to the 50:50 investment, officially released its brand-new automobile brand.TengshiThe English name is DENZA..At the same time,The brand slogan "EV the Future"Also officially released. This brand-new brand is the first automobile brand focusing on new energy in China. The first model of the new brand will be officially unveiled in 2013.

● Brand meaning:

　◆ Brand

　　DENZA comes from the transliteration of the Chinese name Tengshi, which means "Tengshi, electric future", expressing the general trend of taking off with the help of the integration of resources of both sides and the rise of electric vehicles in China and the world.

　◆ Logo

　　Tengshi brand logo adopts a circular design, with a hollow three-dimensional shape in the middle part, and forms a design similar to water droplets as a whole. The blue of water droplets is the blue of technology and the blue of the future, which reflects the brand’s environmental protection vision of pursuing purity and nature. The closed shape shows that the two parties of the joint venture join hands to care for nature and environment, devote themselves to the cause of electric vehicles and practice environmental responsibility.

　◆ Slogan

　　"EV the Future" will also be the brand slogan of DENZA Tengshi, which will drive the future by electricity and express DENZA Tengshi’s market confidence and determination for electric vehicles.

● Memorabilia of the Joint Venture Company:

　　◆ On March 2, 2010, BYD officially signed a memorandum of understanding with Daimler. The two parties will set up a new joint venture company BDNT(BYD Daimler New Technology) with a share ratio of 50:50, and the company will cooperate in the field of electric vehicles and other parts. (Related article: Click to enter)

　　May 27th, 2010: BYD and Daimler formally signed a joint venture agreement. The main contents of the agreement are as follows: Daimler and BYD will develop a new type of electric vehicle according to the specific needs of the China market; The new car will be sold under a new brand jointly created and owned by Daimler and BYD; In addition, a technology center will be established in China to develop, design and test this new electric vehicle. (Related article: Click to enter)

　　◆ On July 30th, 2010, BYD and Daimler Company held the listing ceremony of "Shenzhen BYD Daimler New Technology Co., Ltd." at BYD Shenzhen Pingshan Base. The CEO is Lian Yubo, deputy director of BYD Co., Ltd.. (Related article: Click to enter)

　　◆ On March 3, 2011, BYD Daimler Electric Vehicle Joint Venture Company obtained the business license.

　　◆ On March 30th, 2012, BYD Daimler New Technology Co., Ltd. (BDNT) officially released its brand-new automobile brand "DENZA".

The official website of Tengshi Brand has been opened, click here to view it.

● Future products:

　　The first model of the joint venture brand is code-named "GOLF" in BYD, which consists of G(Green), O(Oxygen), L(Light) and F(Friendship). It is disclosed that the basic mode of cooperation between BYD and Daimler is that the design team of Daimler leads the design of shape, body and chassis, while BYD is responsible for developing the electric drive system.

"spy photos of the first product of the joint venture company"

　　The appearance and interior spy photos we obtained show that this car is similar to the current style. In fact, Mercedes-Benz B-Class car is not the first time to appear as a new energy vehicle. As early as a few years ago, Mercedes-Benz B-Class car has appeared as a fuel cell vehicle of Mercedes-Benz.

"spy photos of the first product of the joint venture company"

　　In terms of power, this car is equipped with a power system from. In Wang Chuanfu’s words, "It is far more advanced than E6 in both technology and design."This car will be officially released at the Beijing Auto Show later and will be launched in 2013.We will introduce more details to you next. (Text/car home Wang Yin)

　　Read more:

　　In April, BYD/Daimler electric vehicle interior exposure was released.
　　//www.autohome.com.cn/news/201203/313072.html

Car smell team will show you the fastest and truest reports, the deepest and sharpest comments.>>

Dolphin corpse beach

Over the past decade, hundreds of dolphin carcasses have appeared on the beaches of the North Sea in the Netherlands, Belgium, Britain and Europe. The dead finless porpoise lying on the shore is terrible. Most of their faces were torn, their skin was cut, and their muscle tissue and fat were bitten.

These dolphins have strange stab wounds on their heads. There are 3 ~ 5 parallel scratches next to the wound, unlike those left by a shark bite. So who is such a cruel "murderer"?

Such frequent and cruel killing of finless porpoises has also attracted the attention of marine biologists, and more and more researchers have joined in the search for the real murderer.

Who would treat the finless porpoise so cruelly?

Eleven years ago, the bodies of two young male dolphins appeared on the beach in Belgium. At first, the investigators thought that the fishermen nearby had caught it by mistake, but after examining the bodies, they found that the wounds on the finless porpoises were not cut by fishing nets or engines, so the deaths of the two finless porpoises were not directly related to the fishermen nearby.

Scientists have turned their attention to marine animals that can prey on porpoises. Could sharks, killer whales and other animals prey on porpoises? Although there are sharks and killer whales in this sea area, it is not the two from the wound analysis. Scientists then discovered the key features of the wound. The dolphin had a pair of short, parallel and curved stab wounds on its head, which were obviously left by canine mammals.

The fox is not the murderer.

As a result, the fox who often walks by the sea becomes a suspect. Foxes are canines, with canine teeth, which fit the characteristics of wounds.

But after further study, it was found that the bodies of these dolphins were found when they washed ashore early in the morning, and the fox was Nocturnal Animals. They didn’t have time to bite the dolphins washed ashore, and foxes were excluded. Doubt.

Killer grey seal surfaced.

Finally, marine biologists finally locked in the killer of dolphins:grey seal.The canine teeth spacing of dolphin head wounds is about 5 cm, which is consistent with the canine characteristics of gray seals, who are used to controlling their prey with their forelimbs when hunting. Tag matching.

The next step is to test whether there is gray seal DNA on the wound of finless porpoise to confirm whether this gray seal is the murderer. But the killer’s saliva on the dolphin wound was washed away by the sea water, and the investigation was once again deadlocked.

In the following years, a large number of similar incidents occurred along the North Sea coast of Europe. Many finless porpoises were washed up on the coast, and researchers also observed for the first time that gray seals preyed on finless porpoises. It seems that there must be a direct connection between the death of gray seals and dolphins.

DNA confirms that grey seals can indeed prey on finless porpoises.

In 2014, scientists finally extracted the DNA of the gray seal from the wound of a dolphin corpse. Under a large amount of evidence, the real murderer of the finless porpoise killing incident was finally found. Just looking at the gray seals, no one will associate them with the death of porpoises, because gray seals, like cats, have round heads and big eyes and look very cute and friendly.

Scientists have always believed that gray seals feed on fish, shrimp, crabs, cephalopods and birds, and their food intake should not be very large, and they will not prey on cetaceans such as porpoises at all.

How crazy is the cannibal gray seal?

By the year before last, scientists had found 1081 finless porpoises in coastal areas of various countries. Through wound shape and DNA analysis, at least a quarter of dolphin deaths are related to gray seals.

Through research, it is found that although the gray seal is cute in appearance, it is ruthless in heart. They not only prey on small cetaceans such as porpoises, but also kill and eat each other. Seals are also very dangerous to humans and are likely to attack humans.

Gray seals have become top predators.

Gray seals are strong. The largest male gray seal can reach 3.3 meters in length and weigh 600 Jin, and the largest female gray seal can reach 2. The finless porpoise is the smallest of cetaceans, with a body length of only 1.2 to 1.5 meters. Gray seals have absolute strength in hunting porpoises.

When hunting, gray seals are used to catching their prey with their forelimbs and then inserting their teeth deeply into their prey. They also use this hunting technique to kill porpoises.

Earlier, scientists knew that gray seals often preyed on penguins, but the death of dolphins on the coast appeared one after another, which made people re-understand the cruel side of gray seals. Scientists speculate that gray seals seem to have become the most dangerous top predator in the North Sea.

In the past few decades, the number of gray seals has increased dramatically. There are 180,000 gray seals living in Britain alone, and their habitats and food are very limited, which also leads to fierce competition among gray seals. Willing to try new prey, among which spotted seals, porpoises and even the same kind have become the food of gray seals.

finally

Humans should have a correct understanding of every living thing and their real behavior. They should not understand these animals from the perspective of human beings, so as not to hurt themselves. As for the gray seals, humans should not use them. They should not be "cute" and "demonized".

The picture is from the network and must be deleted.

This year, several major new power brands have been making efforts in new energy MPV products, including Li Auto, which also plans to launch MPV products in the future. But none of them are listed. Their products are either plug-in hybrid + pure electric, or extended range + pure electric, and the pure electric version is slightly weakened. As for the reason, several bosses may also think that pure electric MPVs can’t match fuel vehicles in terms of battery life.

But this time, Extreme Krypton 009 raised an "objection"!

On the evening of November 1st, the second model of Extreme Krypton Automobile, the high-end luxury pure electric MPV – ZEEKR 009, also from Geely SEA’s vast architecture, was officially launched. At the beginning of the press conference, An Conghui released "Wang fried": the Extreme Krypton 009 WE version priced at 499,000 yuan, equipped with a 116kWh battery pack, CLTC working conditions have a battery life of 702km, and the ME version priced at 588,000 yuan will be equipped with the Kirin battery of Ningde Times CTP 3.0 technology. 140kWh energy can provide a battery life of 822km under CLTC working conditions! Even though the CLTC working conditions are slightly watery, it exceeds the single battery life of most fuel MPVs at 8.

In addition to the difference in battery pack, the power and comfort configuration of the two polar krypton 009 are exactly the same. Including 400kW front and rear dual motors, 4.5 seconds to break the 100 acceleration capacity; 45mm height adjustable air suspension and CCD electromagnetic shock absorption system; 6 high-end seats with soft Nappa top first-layer cowhide, front electric suction doors + rear double side electric sliding doors; Mobileye EyeQ5H chip + 7x 8 million pixel camera, and a number of different types of radar composed of high-perception smart driving hardware; in addition, there are 15.6-inch rear digital TV, YAMAHA high-end audio, intelligent fresh air conditioning, etc.

In terms of car purchase rights, Jikrypton officially gave two different plans: "Dading" and "Xiaoding". Among them, the deposit rights of 10,000 yuan include: free upgrade of ZEEKR AD fully intelligent driving assistance system worth 35,000 yuan, and free upgrade of high-brightness silver chrome grille worth 8,000 yuan. The intention gold rights of 5,000 yuan include: vehicle priority tasting, priority production scheduling after transferring the deposit.

The launch event of Extreme Krypton 009 is themed "Reinventing Luxury". From the appearance design, it does have more thinking and insights than most of the products of the same level that use Elfa as a reference.

The appearance of the new car looks very tough, and the lines of the whole car are mainly straight and hard, giving it a sense of strength. The fully suspended roof design brought by the hidden A-pillar was relatively rare on MPVs before. It is particularly worth mentioning the front face. Due to the absence of the restriction of the engine air inlet, the polar krypton 009 can use a set of "Fountain of Light" chrome-plated style fully enclosed grille, 154 LED lights, which make the front face dazzling at night, exuding a strong noble attribute.

The length, width and height of the Extreme Krypton 009 are 5209x2024x1856mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 3205mm. The size is comparable to that of the Landscape Dreamer and the Tengshi D9, both of which are larger MPVs. In the past, large MPVs would be more laborious to get on and off, while the Extreme Krypton 009 has an air suspension with a minimum ground clearance of only 122 mm, and a low floor design, making it more comfortable and convenient for rear passengers to get on and off. The elderly do not need to be supported, and children do not need to climb.

It is slightly different from other MPV positioning. In order to take care of the driving experience of the whole car and not make the third row a burden and accessory, the polar krypton 009 only provides a 6-seat version. The seats in the first, second and third rows use the same Soft Nappa full-grain first-layer cowhide, which is soft and comfortable by more than 30%. It is more skin-friendly, anti-stain and easy to take care of. The second row of first-class aviation seats is 0.7m wide and the thickness of the seat cushion is 12cm. It has the only 7-layer seat cushion structure in the same class, which is wide and thick enough. It is the first in the same class to create a 25mm high-density shock absorption layer, equipped with a 10mm dream rebound sponge, which brings better shock filtering effect.

The second-row first-class air seat is equipped with a SPA-class seat massage function, with optional strength in 3rd gear and 5 massage modes; the oversized leg rest supports an electric four-way maximum adjustment of 65 ° and a maximum length of 50cm; the smart armrest includes a copy switch developed according to different parts of the seat and a multi-passenger seat memory function, which is more convenient and intuitive than the touch screen control.

In addition to the luxurious and comfortable configuration, the intelligent properties of the Krypton 009 are also significant.

In terms of hardware, Krypton 009 has an 8155 intelligent cockpit computing platform, commanding and linking 68 ECUs, realizing intelligent collaboration of luxury experience. The new car on the software is equipped with the industry’s first multi-modal stereo interaction system deeply customized for MPV: ZEEKR OS for MPV, which provides users with the ecological integration of MPV car terminal, digital TV terminal and mobile end point. The interaction pattern will provide touch, voice control, remote control and behavior recognition (which will be opened through OTA upgrade), and the interactive device includes instrument screen, center control screen, 15.6-inch center ceiling screen, and two-sided Smartbar smart screen in the second row. The third-row passenger’s exclusive ICC call assistant can communicate directly with the driver’s seat more clearly.

Under different travel scenarios, the front driver can prepare the car with one click, and adjust the seat, screen, temperature, etc. for the rear passengers with one click through the intelligent control panel or voice commands. It can also realize one-click rest, one-click conference (1080P high definition camera supports high-resolution video conferencing), one-click movie viewing, and enjoy the top intelligent courtesy.

In terms of intelligent driving assistance, the Krypton 009 series comes standard with 2 7nm process technology Mobileye EyeQ5H high-performance chips, 7 8 million pixel high definition cameras (maximum line of sight 600m), 4 2 million pixel surround view cameras, 1 ultra-long-range millimeter wave radar (detection distance 250m), 12 short-range ultrasonic radar and other powerful hardware, which improves the algorithm and perception ability in an all-round way.

With its powerful perception and algorithm capabilities, Krypton 009 is the only MPV in the world that can achieve NZP autonomous piloting and auxiliary driving, which can realize autonomous up and down high-speed ramp, follow-up cruise, lane change, interoperability switching, etc. At the same time, Krypton 009 also has the function of "Antelope Avoidance", which fully covers pedestrian avoidance, cart avoidance, road occupation avoidance, and protects all traffic participants. Based on the global OTA upgrade capability, more than 30 intelligent driving auxiliary features will be pushed in batches and continue to evolve.

Finally, in terms of power, the Krypton 009 is equipped with front and rear dual high-performance permanent magnet synchronous electric drive systems as standard, with a peak power of 400kW. Among them, the highest efficiency of the rear motor containing SiC silicon carbide technology has reached 98.5%, and the 0-100km/h acceleration time is only 4.5s. It is currently the only MPV member of the 4-second club.

The front suspension of Extreme Krypton 009 adopts a double wisharm virtual double ball head independent suspension, and the rear suspension adopts an integrated multi-link all-aluminum independent suspension. At the same time, Extreme Krypton 009 is equipped with a fully automatic air suspension system + CCD electromagnetic vibration reduction system as standard, which can realize real-time intelligent trimming according to the mass distribution of the front, rear, left and right of the passenger compartment, bringing the ultimate comfortable experience. At the same time, the new car also comes standard with the only lightning switching intelligent four-wheel drive system in the same class. It can switch between two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive in 0.4s. Daily commuting can only use the rear motor drive, reducing energy consumption, and the rain and snow road can be switched to four-wheel

In addition, in terms of MPV’s more important safety, the polar krypton 009 adopts a safety design such as an integrated die-cast rear aluminum body, a triangular double A-pillar, a 70L front and rear row through large side air curtain, and a "ten grid" battery anti-collision structure. The torsional stiffness of the vehicle body reaches 36450 N · m/deg, which is more than 3 times that of the traditional MPV; the top pressure resistance is up to 128kN, and the roof can bear up to 13 tons; the battery pack does not spread without heat and does not catch fire.

Extreme Krypton officials said that Extreme Krypton 009 will be officially delivered in January 2023. As one of the few high-end, luxury, and intelligent pure electric MPVs currently on the market, Extreme Krypton 009 has almost no direct competition. After Extreme Krypton 001 completes monthly sales of over 10,000 yuan, if Extreme Krypton 009 can give similar sales results next year, then the brand of Extreme Krypton will be stable.

"Technology Last Night This Morning" time, hello everyone, it is Saturday, September 9, 2023, and today’s important technology information is:

+ It has been quietly put on the shelves with a deposit of 1,000 yuan. The first batch of the mobile phone has been snapped up, and the official time of the second batch of mobile phones has not been announced. It is reported that Huawei Mate 60 Pro + has two colors: "Inkstone Black" and "Xuanbai", and provides "16GB + 512GB" and "16GB + 1TB" dual versions to choose from. The official emphasized that the characteristics of the mobile phone are "dual satellite communication, ultra-reliable Xuanwu architecture, full focal length ultra-clear image, quiet call". > > View Details

In addition, the Huawei Mate X5 folding screen mobile phone is also on the shelves of Huawei Mall to open the reservation, and the price has not been announced yet. > > View details

According to the blogger @digital chat station broke the news on September 8, in addition to the titanium alloy version of the Apple 15 series, the Xiaomi "big cup" model will also follow. In addition, Xiaomi also used a lot of new materials and processes on the screen, middle frame and back cover this time. > > View Details

TrendForce Consulting said in the official website news center on September 8 that the company forecasts that Apple’s iPhone 15 Plus and mobile phones will not increase in price and maintain the current pricing status of the series, while Apple’s iPhone 15 Pro Max will increase in price by 100 US dollars to 1199 US dollars (Note: currently about 8789 yuan). > > View Details

On September 8, Necrolipe, the editor-in-chief of UnivNintendo, published an article on the X platform, further supplementing the relevant new information of the "next generation Switch": It is reported that Necrolipe said that from the mouth of "reliable people", the next generation Switch will be equipped with 12GB of memory, which is three times that of the current Switch. As a comparison, Sony PS5 and Microsoft Xbox Series X are equipped with 16GB of random access memory, and Xbox Series S is 10GB.

According to foreign media VGC’s previous news, during the internal demonstration, Nintendo used NVIDIA’s DLSS 3.5 technology. For this, Inecrolipe said that the message it received was "DLSS 3.1". Necrolipe also revealed that Nintendo recently applied for a patent for "generating magnetic fields in controllers", which is expected to solve the much-criticized handle drift problem. > > View Details

Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro series of mobile phones has launched the "satellite voice call" function, but it needs to be enabled with the operator’s service. On September 8, China Telecom took the lead in launching the "mobile phone direct satellite connection" service. Users can install direct satellite service on the basis of their ordinary mobile phone card package. The price is as follows:

Recently, many small partners have reported that JD.com has modified the experience of the web page. Users need to log in to their account to search for products. Otherwise, the "Verify, shop worry-free" interface will pop up. Click "Quick Verification" to jump to the login page, forcing users to log in. > > View Details

Daniel Ives, an analyst at Wedbush Securities, a US investment bank, recently released an investor report, saying that the ratio of Apple’s iPhone 15 models launched this year has been adjusted from 3:2 in previous years to 3:1, entering the "mini super cycle".

Daniel Ives said that in previous years, the proportion of iPhone Pro models was 60%, and the proportion of standard models was 40%; this year, the proportion of iPhone 15 Pro models will increase to 75%, and the proportion of standard models will be 25%. > > View Details

According to foreign media VideoGameChronicles, their sources suggest that Nintendo is working on an enhanced version of The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild, which is expected to increase the frame rate and resolution for the Switch 2.

In addition, the media also claimed that Nintendo showed a "Matrix Awakens" Unreal Engine 5 technology demo, which had previously run and caused a sensation on the Xbox Series X and PlayStation 5.

Lynk & Co 08 was officially launched on the evening of September 8. The new car launched 5 different configurations, priced from 208,800 yuan to 288,000 yuan. In addition, Lynk & Co also launched a "limited-time gift" of 9,000 yuan for all models, which is equivalent to the starting price of the car at 199,800 yuan. The prices of different models are as follows:

Let’s talk about it here today. Technology last night and this morning, we’ll see you tomorrow.

　　The new all-electric Macan Long Range Edition shows exceptional strength in the four core areas of design, sports, energy efficiency and value. In design, it inherits the design essence of Porsche’s classic sports car and cleverly integrates the futuristic design concept of the Mission E concept car to create a dynamic and avant-garde body line. The low front cover, raised wings and the iconic four-point daytime running lights all reflect the pure sports car pedigree of Porsche.

　　In terms of performance, the new car is equipped with a high-performance electric drive system, providing strong power output and excellent handling performance. The new Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM) with dual-valve shock absorption technology and the optional rear axle steering system allow the driver to enjoy the ultimate sporty experience while also feeling excellent comfort and stability. In addition, the new car also adopts the classic layout of rear drive, which further enhances the agility and stability when accelerating corners.

　　In terms of energy efficiency, the new pure electric Macan long-range version also performs well. It is equipped with a lithium-ion power battery with a maximum capacity of 100 kWh, and with the 800V architecture PPE platform, it realizes a DC charging power of up to 270 kW, which can increase the range of more than 260 kilometers in only about 10 minutes. At the same time, the vehicle also has a kinetic energy recovery power of up to 200 kW and a wind resistance coefficient of as low as 0.25, and the range of comprehensive operating conditions can reach 702 kilometers (CLTC), fully meeting the needs of daily and long-distance travel.

　　In addition to outstanding performance and energy efficiency, the new pure electric Macan Long Range Edition is also equipped with a wealth of high-value standard features. Including a passenger display with privacy mode, smart scene lights, and seats with glossy leather. In addition, the new car also offers an 87-inch head-up display system as an optional configuration, providing drivers with a more immersive driving experience.

　　In terms of intelligence, Porsche Connect also adds a lot to the new car. The new car offers 10 years of free access to Porsche Connect, which covers a number of functions including search tools, streaming services, and online navigation services. At the same time, the new car is also equipped with deeply customized Autonavi maps and many localized applications, providing drivers with a more convenient and efficient travel experience.

　　"The launch of the new all-electric Macan Long Range not only represents a further expansion of the Porsche range, but also brings people closer to the car of their dreams with a comprehensive range of high-value features and services. We believe that this new car will allow more people to enjoy pure sports car passion while fully expressing their pursuit of a stylish lifestyle."

　　It is reported that three models of the new pure electric Macan will be officially delivered in stores in the fourth quarter of this year. With the launch of this new car, Porsche will further consolidate its leading position in the luxury electric vehicle market and continue to promote the electric transformation of the automotive industry.

　　CCTV News:According to the @Police-People Through Train-Xuhui Station Weibo report, at 8:40 on November 1, 2023, a traffic accident occurred on Fenyang Road near Taiyuan Road. After preliminary investigation, Lu Moumou (male, 59 years old) drove a taxi to the address, due to improper operation, the vehicle drove onto the sidewalk, causing injuries to 4 pedestrians and 1 passenger. At present, the injured have been sent to the hospital for treatment. Lu Moumou has been controlled by the police, and the accident is being further dealt with.

　　First, the process of formulating three policy documents in Beijing?

　　In order to implement the "Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Deepening Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry" (Guoban Fa [2016] No. 58) and the Ministry of Transport, MIIT, Ministry of Public Security, Ministry of Commerce, SAIC, AQSIQ, and the Cyberspace Administration of the People’s Republic of China "Interim Measures for the Administration of Online Booking Taxi Business Services" (Order No. 60 of the Seven Ministries) (hereinafter referred to as the "two documents"), combined with the actual situation of this city, the "Implementation Opinions of the General Office of the Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Deepening Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry" (hereinafter referred to as the "Implementation Opinions"), "Beijing Online Booking Taxi Business Service Management Implementation Detailed Rules" (hereinafter referred to as the "Detailed Rules") and "Beijing Private Passenger Through the implementation of the policy documents, we will steadily promote various reforms, promote the healthy, stable and sustainable development of the taxi industry, and provide the public with safe, convenient, comfortable and economical personalized travel services.

　　The drafting of the policy document began in June 2016. The entire drafting process fully reflects the spirit of scientific decision-making, reform and innovation. It is a process of concentrating wisdom and gathering public opinion. It is a process of in-depth investigation and research and summarizing practical experience. It is a process of focusing on studying and improving the reform policy of the taxi industry in this city and promoting the healthy, stable and sustainable development of the industry. First, the municipal party committee and municipal government have attached great importance to it and established a leading group for deepening the reform of taxis, which has conducted several special studies on the reform and development of the industry, and comprehensively and comprehensively promoted the deepening of the reform of taxis; second, it has conducted in-depth research on the situation of the taxi industry in this city and domestic and international big cities, analyzed existing problems, and more than 20 functional areas of business have participated in the research and drafting work according to their duties, implemented the spirit of the national document, and formulated relevant rules and procedures in combination with the actual situation in Beijing, providing a solid foundation for the formation and implementation of policy documents; third, the city’s policies and regulations focus on giving local governments the scale and total amount in accordance with the "two documents", supplementing the license conditions of online car-hailing platforms, vehicles and drivers, the business scope, area and duration of online car-hailing platforms Authorization in terms of ride-sharing regulations, administrative penalties, formulation of laws and regulations and standards, etc., combined with the actual situation of this city, has been further refined; fourth, in the process of drafting policy documents, public opinions have been solicited from the public, and opinions have been widely listened to by some deputies to the National People’s Congress, members of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, experts and scholars, taxi companies and drivers, individual taxi businesses, online car-hailing platform companies, drivers and passengers. According to the feedback opinions and suggestions, the relevant policy documents have been continuously revised and improved; fifth, in the process of formulating industry access conditions, handling procedures, etc., attention has been paid to professional consultation, expert argumentation, legality, and fairness review. Experts have objectively, independently, scientifically, and responsibly put forward argumentation opinions, and the drafting group has carefully studied and adopted them.

　　During the process of soliciting public opinions on the policy document exposure draft, it has attracted great attention from the general public and all walks of life. During this period, a total of 8,825 valid feedback and suggestions from the public were received, 9246. Among them, 8,345 were from websites, 469 were from e-mails, 8 were mailed, a total of 9,234 were sent, 2 and 3 were from telephone, 1 and 9 were from letters and visits. After sorting out the 9,246 opinions and suggestions, they mainly focused on three aspects. First, the qualification conditions and management of online car-hailing vehicles (3,367, accounting for 36.42%); second, the qualification and management of online car-hailing drivers (2,698, accounting for 29.18%); third, the number of taxis was regulated (1,292, accounting for 13.97%). The above three items totaled 7,357, accounting for 79.57%. In addition, a total of 1889 articles, accounting for 20.43%, were made in regulating private passenger car sharing, cracking down on illegal operations, and standardizing online car-hailing business behaviors. Among the opinions, there were 7736 expressed opinions, accounting for 83.7%, of which about 60% were in favor; there were 1510 suggestions, accounting for 16.3%. Comprehensive analysis of the overall situation of soliciting opinions, the relevant municipal departments carefully conducted a review and study, and revised and improved the three draft documents. A total of 125 amendments were made in the three policy documents, of which 77 were made in the "Implementation Opinions", 40 were made in the "Detailed Rules", and 8 were made in the "Sharing Opinions".

　　Main amendments: First, in promoting the transformation and upgrading of the industry, the expression "Revise the technical specifications of cruise cars and improve the technical standards of vehicles" is added; second, the original standard of online car-hailing vehicles "vehicle displacement not less than 2.0L or 1.8T" is adjusted to "vehicle displacement not less than 1.8 liters", "vehicle wheelbase not less than 2700 mm" is adjusted to "vehicle wheelbase not less than 2650 mm"; "7-seat passenger car displacement not less than 2.0 liters, wheelbase not less than 3000 mm, vehicle length greater than 5100 mm" is removed from the restriction of "vehicle length greater than 5100 mm"; third, the age condition of online car drivers is changed from "age male 60 years old, female 55 years old" to "not reached the statutory retirement age"; fourth, the original "vehicle installation is in line with the state and the city The expression "vehicle satellite positioning device with driving record function, emergency alarm device, the technical performance of the vehicle meets the requirements of operation safety and relevant standards of the public security department" in the relevant regulations is changed to "The vehicle is equipped with a fixed vehicle-mounted satellite positioning device with driving record function and emergency alarm device that meets the relevant regulations of the state and this city, which can send real-time location information to the supervision platform and public security organs, and real-time alarm information to the public security organs"; the fifth is to add "non-operating vehicles of organs, enterprises, institutions and social organizations shall not engage in online car-hailing operations" and other provisions; the sixth is to modify the online car-hailing freight price to "reasonably determine the online car-hailing metering method, and there shall be no improper price behavior." The seventh is to add "From the date of issuance of this implementation opinion, the online car-hailing platform companies, drivers and vehicles that have already carried out online car-hailing business in this city will be given a 5-month transition period.

　　Looking at the process of deepening the reform of the taxi industry in this city, it is a process of gathering public opinion and building social consensus. It is a process of striving to achieve scientific and democratic decision-making through relevant arguments and legal procedures, which points out the direction and lays the foundation for promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the industry.

　　What are the guiding ideology, goals and main content of deepening the taxi reform in this city?

　　(1) Guiding ideology

　　Deeply implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, deeply study and implement the spirit of the series of important speeches of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader and the important instructions on the work of Beijing, earnestly implement the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, firmly establish the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, adhere to the basic idea of giving priority to the development of public transportation and the appropriate development of taxis, and follow the principle of "passenger-oriented, reform and innovation, overall planning and standardization in accordance with the law", actively and steadily promote the reform of the taxi industry in this city, effectively improve the service level and supervision capacity, and strive to build a diversified and differentiated travel service system to better

　　(2) Work objectives

　　Promote the integrated development of cruise taxis (hereinafter referred to as cruise cars) and online rental cars (hereinafter referred to as online taxi-hailing), promote the transformation and upgrading of cruise cars, standardize the operation of online taxi-hailing, improve the management and service level of the industry, promote the sustainable and healthy development of the industry, and provide the public with safe, convenient, comfortable and economical personalized travel services.

　　(III) Main content

　　Under the framework of relevant laws, regulations and policy documents, this deepening reform is to implement the spirit of the national "two documents", and strive to build a diversified, differentiated and quality travel service system including cruise taxis and online rental cars, so as to provide the public with safe, convenient, comfortable and economical personalized travel services. On the premise of giving priority to the development of public transportation and the appropriate development of taxis, on the one hand, by reforming the management system of the right to operate cruise cars, improving the benefit distribution system, rationalizing the price formation mechanism, and encouraging large-scale operation of companies, we will promote the transformation and upgrading of the industry and improve service quality. On the other hand, we will implement license management for online ride-hailing platform companies, vehicles and drivers in accordance with the law, clarify the positioning of online ride-hailing services, and meet the high-quality travel needs of passengers through standardization.

　　1. "Implementation Opinions"

　　The first is to scientifically locate taxi services. Taxi is an integral part of the urban comprehensive transportation system, a supplement to urban public transportation, and provides personalized transportation services for the public. Taxi services mainly include parade, online reservation and other methods. Priority is given to the development of public transportation, appropriate development of taxis, and optimization of urban transportation structure. Coordinate the development of cruise cars and online car-hailing, implement dislocation development and differentiated management, and build a super-large urban passenger transportation pattern with diverse and differentiated services.

　　The second is to establish a dynamic regulation and control mechanism for the total amount. Implement the strategic positioning of the capital city, comprehensively consider the city’s population, economic development level, air quality, urban traffic congestion, public transportation development level, taxi mileage utilization rate and other factors, reasonably grasp the scale of taxi transportation capacity and the share ratio in the urban comprehensive transportation system, and establish a dynamic monitoring and adjustment mechanism. Carry out the assessment of the total amount of taxis, and prepare the development plan and implementation plan of the taxi industry, which will be implemented after approval by the municipal government.

　　The third is to deepen the reform of the cruise car. Reform the management system of the right to operate, adhere to the implementation of the free use of vehicle management rights, and the term of the cruise car management right is the same as the vehicle’s scrap age. The new cruise car management rights will be subject to term restrictions, and the operating entity may not be changed without authorization. It is necessary to comprehensively consider all aspects of factors, scientifically formulate a transition plan, and reasonably determine the operating period. Improve the benefit distribution system, encourage, support and guide cruise car operators, industry associations, cruise car drivers and trade union organizations to negotiate on an equal footing, determine the contract fee standard or quota task, and reduce the existing contract fee standard or quota task if it is too high. Straighten out the price formation mechanism, and continuously improve the cruise car freight formation mechanism and the linkage mechanism between freight and fuel prices. Encourage corporatization and large-scale operation, encourage cruise vehicle operating enterprises to integrate resources through mergers, restructuring, etc., and formulate implementation measures for the transfer, transfer, and shareholding of cruise vehicle operators in accordance with the law. Promote industry transformation and upgrading, and realize the integrated development of new and old business formats. Revise technical specifications for cruise vehicles, improve vehicle technical standards, and encourage the development of new energy cruise vehicles.

　　The fourth is to standardize the development of online car-hailing. The online car-hailing platform company should have online and offline service capabilities, and the relevant basic information and dynamic operation data should be connected to the supervision platform of the relevant departments of the city in real time. The online car-hailing platform company implements the operation right period restriction. The operation period is 4 years, and the expiration can be extended after passing the review. The online car-hailing platform company shall assume the responsibility of the carrier, the responsibility for safety production and corporate social responsibility in accordance with the law, the responsibility for the safety management of vehicles and drivers, and the purchase of relevant insurance to fulfill the responsibility of the carrier. The vehicle shall be a 5-seat sedan or 7-seat passenger car that meets the basic conditions for providing passenger transportation services, has passed the annual inspection of the public security department of this city, has purchased compulsory traffic insurance, third-party liability insurance and passenger accident injury insurance for commercial vehicles, and has the vehicle number plate of this city. The vehicle must meet the latest motor vehicle emission standards announced and implemented by this city, have no unfinished traffic accidents and traffic violations records, and meet the technical specifications of online car-hailing vehicles in this city. For vehicles that have obtained the qualification of online car-hailing, the body must be posted with a special logo for online car-hailing, and the original number plate shall be used. The period of vehicle operation rights shall not exceed 8 years from the date of vehicle registration (or when the mileage reaches 600,000 kilometers). Online car-hailing drivers must be registered with the city, have obtained a driving certificate issued by the city, have not reached the legal retirement age, are in good health, and have not committed more than 5 road traffic safety violations while driving a motor vehicle within 1 year before the date of application, and have not been included in the information database of serious violations of taxis. Individuals who apply for access to the online car-hailing service platform and drive their own vehicles to provide online car-hailing services must obtain the qualifications of online car-hailing drivers and vehicles, and have no other cruise cars or online cars under their names. Online car-hailing platform companies must maintain and protect the legitimate rights and interests of drivers, maintain the stability of the driver team, and sign employment contracts or agreements with their drivers according to law. Online car-hailing provides operation services through online reservation. Reasonably determine the pricing method of online car-hailing taxis, and there shall be no improper price behavior. Online car-hailing platform companies shall strengthen cyber security and information security protection, establish and improve data security management systems, collect, use and protect personal information in compliance with the law, and shall not disclose sensitive information involving national security. The personal information collected and the business data generated shall be stored and used in the Chinese mainland, and the retention period shall not be less than 2 years. Online car-hailing platform companies and drivers shall declare and pay taxes to the tax department according to law.After providing operation services, the online car-hailing company shall issue a special invoice for taxis in this city.

　　The fifth is to encourage private passenger car sharing. Private passenger car sharing, also known as carpooling and ride-sharing, is a shared mode of travel where the ride-sharing service provider publishes travel information in advance. People with the same travel route choose to take the ride-sharing service provider’s passenger car, share the travel cost (fuel and tolls) of the ride-sharing part, or share free mutual assistance. Private passenger car sharing is conducive to alleviating traffic congestion and reducing air pollution, and this city will encourage and regulate its development. The ride-sharing information service platform provides ride-sharing services, which must comply with the relevant regulations of the state and this city. The connected vehicles must be the city’s number plate, and the number of orders per car per day shall not exceed 2 times. Any enterprise or individual is prohibited from conducting illegal operations in the name of ride-sharing.

　　Sixth, create a good market environment. Improve service facilities, strengthen the construction of credit system, strengthen market supervision, strengthen legal system and organizational guarantee. Establish the Municipal Transportation Commission, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Commerce Commission, Municipal Industry and Commerce Bureau, Municipal Internal Taxation Bureau, Municipal Local Taxation Bureau, Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau, Municipal Communications Administration, People’s Bank of China Business Management Department, Municipal Network Information Office and Municipal Urban Management Law Enforcement Bureau and other departments to participate in and link the joint supervision and law enforcement mechanism and joint punishment exit mechanism, establish an integrated information sharing platform, strengthen real-time supervision of the whole process of law enforcement, investigate and punish acts that hinder fair competition in the market and all kinds of price violations in accordance with the law, and severely crack down on illegal operations, gathering crowds to disrupt social order or inciting organizations to disrupt operation order and damage public interests. Regularly conduct taxi service quality assessments and release them to the public, and accept social supervision. Timely handle complaints about service quality problems, timely expose serious violations of laws and regulations, and protect the interests of passengers.

　　2. Detailed rules

　　The first is to encourage the transformation and upgrading of cruise cars. In accordance with the principle of "coordinating, standardizing and orderly development of online car-hailing, encouraging cruise taxi companies to transform and provide online car-hailing services, realizing the dislocation and differentiated operation of online car-hailing and cruise cars, and providing high-quality travel services for citizens", clarify the development orientation and develop online car-hailing in an orderly manner.

　　The second is to clarify the management requirements of online car-hailing. License management is implemented for online car-hailing platform companies, vehicles and drivers. Operators should assume the responsibility of carriers and have online and offline service capabilities. Vehicles and drivers should meet the corresponding qualification conditions. The handling process and license review procedures and content of online car-hailing service applications are clarified.

　　The third is to standardize the operation of online car-hailing platforms. Online car-hailing platform companies must ensure that the vehicles and drivers providing services have legal qualifications, and the vehicles and drivers providing services online and offline are the same. It is not allowed to illegally collect, use and disclose passengers’ personal information and sensitive information related to national security. There must be no unfair pricing behavior.

　　The fourth is to establish a multi-departmental joint supervision mechanism. Strengthen the supervision of the whole process before, during and after the event. At the same time, legal responsibilities are clarified. The "Detailed Rules" will be implemented from the date of issuance.

　　3. "Joint Ride Opinion"

　　The first is to follow the principles of public welfare ride-sharing priority, voluntary mutual assistance, safeguarding legitimate rights and interests, truthful ride-sharing information, reasonable cost sharing, and strict prohibition of illegal operations, and to clarify the requirements for the platform to engage in private passenger car ride-sharing services.

　　The second is to ensure the safety of passengers, clarify the conditions for the development of private minibus service drivers and the obligations that the ride-sharing information service platform should fulfill.

　　The third is to put forward the opinion that the online car-hailing platform company shall not provide online car-hailing services in the name of ride-sharing and ride-hailing, nor shall it conduct other illegal operation activities in the name of ride-hailing.

　　III. Why should the Beijing taxi industry carry out total regulation?

　　The "Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Deepening Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry" clearly requires that according to the characteristics of large, medium and small cities, the diverse travel needs of the public, and the development orientation of taxis, comprehensive consideration should be given to factors such as population, economic development level, urban traffic congestion, and taxi mileage utilization rate. Reasonably grasp the scale of taxi transportation capacity and the share ratio in the urban comprehensive transportation system, establish a dynamic monitoring and adjustment mechanism, and gradually realize market regulation.

　　The city has established a dynamic regulation mechanism for the total number of taxis, making it clear that both cruise cars and online taxis must have a reasonable capacity scale and structure, mainly based on the following considerations:

　　First, taxis are characterized by the randomness of both parties and the one-time consumption, which makes it difficult to fully realize the marketization and liberalization of competition.

　　The second is that taxis are passenger cars, which occupy a lot of road resources and have negative externalities such as uneconomical and aggravated traffic congestion.

　　Third, the vast majority of international megacities (Tokyo, New York, etc.) and domestic megacities implement capacity control for taxis, which is also an inevitable requirement for the development scale and management of megacities.

　　Fourth, as a super-large city, Beijing is making great efforts to control "urban diseases". In the work of traffic and air pollution control, on the one hand, it implements a clean air action plan, advocates green travel, reduces motor vehicle pollution emissions, improves air quality, and gives Beijing a blue sky. On the other hand, adhere to the public transportation priority development strategy, make rational use of road resources, reduce the intensity of motor vehicle use, and ease traffic congestion.

　　IV. Why is it stipulated that online car-hailing drivers and online car-hailing vehicles are registered in this city and vehicles in this city?

　　Mainly consider the following factors:

　　The first is the development requirements of the functional positioning of Beijing’s "four centers". To implement the urban functional positioning of Beijing’s national political center, cultural center, international exchange center and scientific and technological innovation center is to take the strategic positioning of the capital city as the starting point, fully implement the coordinated development strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, build Tongzhou urban sub-centers, orderly relieve non-capital functions, optimize and enhance the core functions of the capital, create a first-class living, transportation, public security and ecological environment, and build Beijing into a world-class harmonious and livable capital.

　　The second is the requirement to manage "urban diseases" and relieve non-capital functions. One of the main reasons for Beijing’s "urban diseases" is the disorderly and rapid growth of the population, which seriously affects the core functions of the capital. The first thing to manage "urban diseases" is to strictly control the population size, and by 2020, the population will be controlled at 23 million. At the same time, according to the requirements of building a "high-precision" economic structure, urban employment will mainly be developed in high-end service industries and high-tech industries. Taxi is not only a window industry in the capital, but also a labor-intensive industry. Its future development will inevitably involve population size control, industrial development and employment orientation. This is also an objective requirement for managing "urban diseases" and realizing the functional positioning of the "four centers" in the capital.

　　The third is the requirement to control traffic congestion. At present, the number of motor vehicles in this city has reached more than 5.7 million. The trend of high-intensity use, high-density clustering, and high-speed growth of motor vehicles has not been fundamentally alleviated. Traffic congestion spreads outward from the core area of the city, which has far exceeded the carrying capacity of road resources and the environment. In recent years, the city has continued to implement measures such as total motor vehicle volume control (limited purchase by lottery number) and motor vehicle request management during peak hours on working days (one day less driving per week). At the same time, restrictions have also been implemented on the purchase of cars by non-Beijing citizens and vehicles entering Beijing from other cities. These policies and measures have curbed the trend of increasing traffic congestion to a certain extent and achieved certain governance results. In the future, we will continue to implement comprehensive measures to manage traffic and ease congestion.

　　The fourth is the requirements of policies and regulations. First, Decree No. 412 of the State Council "Decision of the State Council on Establishing Administrative Licensing for Administrative Examination and Approval Items That Really Need to Be Retained" establishes administrative licensing matters for taxi operation, vehicle operation and driver qualification. Second, Decree No. 60 of the Ministry of Transport and other seven ministries and commissions clearly requires that the urban people’s government can stipulate relevant access conditions according to the actual situation. The city’s policy documents are in line with the objective needs of the capital city’s functional positioning and management of "big city diseases caused by excessive population and function aggregation". Third, the "Regulations on the Administration of Taxi Vehicles in Beijing" clearly stipulates that "taxi drivers must have a permanent household registration in this city". Fourth, taxi management belongs to local affairs, and local governments have the right to make relevant policies and regulations in accordance with laws and regulations.

　　How do you perceive the regulations on the conditions and displacement standards of online car-hailing vehicles?

　　Deepening the reform of taxis, many cities have put forward clear standards for the conditions of online car-hailing vehicles (such as displacement and wheelbase, etc.). The main purpose is to set vehicle standards for commercial vehicles, which is a common practice in the transportation industry. It is also necessary to ensure operational safety and improve service quality. The second is to make online car-hailing meet the requirements of high-quality and differentiated services.

　　The specific standards put forward by Beijing for the vehicle conditions of online car-hailing fully consider the factors of vehicle power, handling, safety, appearance, configuration, etc., and are also conducive to the integrated development of cruise cars and online car-hailing cars. They are in line with the clear requirements of "high-quality service and differentiated operation" in various places according to the actual situation of the city put forward in Document No. 58, which is of positive significance for establishing the image of an international metropolis service window.

　　How can cruise cars and online car-hailing achieve integrated development?

　　There are 71,000 taxis in the city (including electric minibuses operated in suburban areas). Since the 1950s, the taxi industry in our city has provided convenient, safe and personalized travel services for domestic and foreign guests and citizens of the city. There are also many advanced collectives such as model workers and the National Pioneer Workers in the industry. During special periods such as holidays, Golden Week and bad weather, transportation management departments and taxi companies organize taxi drivers, industry Communist Party Party members’ fleets and caring public welfare fleets, and "Beijing Taxi Star" and other outstanding drivers organize or spontaneously carry out airport and railway station capacity support, making positive contributions to city operation and domestic and foreign passenger travel. Since August 2015, the industry has promoted the "Internet +" strategy. The "Shouqi Car-hailing" platform created by Shouqi Group has nearly 5,000 online cars, equipped with mid-range and above models, and has 2.18 million registered users in Beijing. Recently, wheelchair-accessible barrier-free online car-hailing has also been launched to provide new personalized services for people with mobility disabilities.

　　For many years, the passenger transportation mode characterized by the "door to door" of the cruise car has occupied a place in the urban transportation system and met some of the personalized travel needs. Passengers can choose from a variety of methods such as beckoning for a ride, waiting at the station and calling for a ride by phone, and online car-hailing. Due to the implementation of government pricing, the freight rate of the cruise car is still stable in bad weather, morning and evening peaks. During holidays, Golden Week and bad weather and other large passenger flow periods, the cruise car starts to implement capacity guarantee programs at airports, railway stations, etc. to meet the needs of passengers. At the same time, we also see that there are certain limitations and problems in the operation and management of cruise vehicles, such as vehicles mainly carrying passengers on road cruises, asymmetric supply and demand information, strong randomness, and easy to generate empty mileage; when the contradiction between vehicle supply and demand is serious, drivers are prone to refuse to load, pick jobs, and poor service quality. Very few drivers have serious violations such as detours and overcharging.

　　Online car-hailing is an emerging business format in the past two years. Its platform is formed by relying on Internet technology and has the advantage of big data processing. It can directly connect and match online and offline supply and demand information; match the demand for some cars during peak hours through full-time and part-time models; realize real-time evaluation and supervision of driver services through passenger online evaluation; vehicle grades, ride comfort and service have been improved, reflecting the concept of resource sharing to a certain extent. However, online car-hailing also has limitations. For example, online car-hailing still belongs to the category of car transportation, which has great limitations compared with the concept of public transportation priority and green travel advocated in big city transportation. Due to the lag of relevant laws and regulations, online platforms, vehicles, and drivers do not have legal operating qualifications. The platform does not bear the responsibility of the carrier, and it is difficult to effectively protect the safety and rights of passengers. The phenomenon of low-price competition and high prices during special periods infringes the interests of passengers and the level playing field. At the same time, there is also the risk of information leakage.

　　As an integral part of the urban comprehensive transportation system, taxis account for only a small part of the transportation structure and mode in a super-large city like Beijing. At present, the city is accelerating the construction of a diverse and differentiated urban passenger transportation pattern. On the one hand, it vigorously advocates and develops green travel modes such as rail transit, ground public transportation, bicycles, and walking, while taking into account the travel modes of taxis, rental minibuses, public rental bicycles, electric express vehicles, tourism and inter-provincial passenger transportation and private minibuses. All these transportation modes will meet the multi-level and diverse travel needs of the public, and together form a safe, convenient, efficient, green and economical Beijing modern comprehensive transportation system that matches the world’s first-class harmonious and livable capital.

　　Cruise cars and online car-hailing are two service methods for taxis. In the future, the two service methods will be integrated and developed, and will be integrated with urban passenger transportation to meet the personalized travel services of passengers.

　　The first is to promote the reform of cruise cars. Carry out in-depth reforms in terms of operating period, benefit distribution, large-scale operation, and price mechanism. At the same time, encourage cruise cars to transform into providing online ride-hailing services, and encourage cruise cars to provide e-hailing services through telecommunications, the Internet, etc., in order to improve operational efficiency and service levels.

　　The second is to standardize the management of cruise cars and online car-hailing cars to provide passengers with safe, convenient, comfortable and economical personalized transportation services. Whether it is a cruise car or an online car-hailing car, it has clear regulations and supervision on its operating enterprises, platform companies, driver qualifications, vehicle standards, service levels, business behaviors, and metering methods.

　　The third is to clarify specific regulations and regulatory measures according to the different positioning and characteristics of cruise cars and online car-hailing. Cruise cars and online car-hailing cars should seek opportunities for integrated development in the passenger transportation market competition, and gradually build a new market system that is both independent and complementary to each other through "Internet + taxi".

　　The fourth is to adhere to the passenger satisfaction-oriented approach, and by promoting the reform of cruise cars and the regulation of online car-hailing, we will build a diverse service system, improve the quality of taxi services, better meet the needs of the people, and allow the people to share the fruits of reform.

　　How can the city optimize the travel structure and improve the level of travel services?

　　First, we must give priority to the development of public transportation, and vigorously develop green travel methods such as rail transit, ground public transportation, bicycles, and walking. By 2020, we will strive to increase the proportion of green travel from the current 70% to 75%. Focus on building a super-large urban passenger transportation pattern with diverse services. During peak traffic periods and congested road sections in cities, citizens are encouraged to give priority to public transportation and shared travel, improve the overall operation efficiency of urban transportation, and reduce motor vehicle pollution emissions. Strive to increase the operating mileage of Beijing’s rail transit from the current 554 kilometers to more than 900 kilometers by 2020. The coverage rate of 750 meters of rail transit stations in the central city will reach 90%, forming a 15-minute radius circle of subway stations. Build a ground bus rapid commuting system, strive to achieve a 1000-kilometer continuous network of bus lanes, improve the speed of ground bus operation, and promote various customized bus lines, so that commuting will be more convenient and fast. Build a 3200-kilometer bicycle road system, continue to add 50,000 public rental bicycles, with a total scale of more than 100,000, encourage and standardize the development model of shared bicycles, and better solve the problem of public short-distance green travel and the "last kilometer" connection of public transportation. Create good conditions for building a world-class harmonious and livable capital.

　　On the other hand, according to the positioning that taxis are an integral part of the urban comprehensive transportation system and a supplement to urban public transportation, providing personalized transportation services for the public, it is necessary to deepen the reform of taxis, coordinate the development of cruise cars and online car-hailing cars, and integrate with urban passenger transportation to meet the personalized and differentiated travel services of passengers. Comprehensive use of policies, technologies, markets and other means to encourage the transformation of cruise cars to provide online car-hailing services, and encourage cruise cars to provide e-hailing services through telecommunications, Internet and other means to improve operational efficiency and facilitate public travel; the same standardized management of online car-hailing and cruise cars, clear specific regulations and regulatory measures to provide high-quality travel services for passengers; increase efforts to crack down on illegal operations and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of passengers. To provide the public with safe, convenient, comfortable and economical personalized travel services.

　　What provisions does the policy document make to protect the interests of passengers?

　　Online car-hailing is a way to provide travel services for the public. Ensuring the safety of passenger travel is the bottom line requirement of transportation services, and it is also the starting point and end point that the policy formulation process focuses on. The requirements are mainly made from the following aspects: First, the access review is carried out in advance. In order to protect the interests and safety of passengers, necessary regulations have been made on the qualifications of online car-hailing platforms, vehicles and drivers to ensure the basic conditions and capabilities of online car-hailing safety services. Second, it is clear that online car-hailing platform companies must bear the responsibility of the carrier. The online car-hailing platform company shall bear the carrier’s responsibility, safety production responsibility and corresponding social responsibility in accordance with the law, assume the safety management responsibility of vehicles and drivers and the stability responsibility of the driver team, purchase relevant insurance to fulfill the carrier’s responsibility, and have a clear responsibility subject in the event of an accident to protect the legitimate rights and interests of passengers and drivers and other parties, and reduce disputes. The third is to reasonably determine the online car-hailing metering method, and there must be no improper price behavior. The fourth is the supervision of the whole process by relevant departments beforehand, in and after the event. The online car-hailing platform company is required to implement the main responsibility of the carrier, strengthen the safety and service management of the operation process, access the dynamic data to the supervision platform in real time, and strengthen the supervision of the whole process of enterprise business behavior and daily operation by government At the same time, through the online car-hailing platform and service end points, real-time dynamic monitoring of vehicle operation and service process is carried out to ensure passenger safety. Fifth, establish the operating period system and service quality credit assessment system. Those who fail to meet the requirements of service quality will be withdrawn. Establish online car-hailing platform companies and driver credit records, incorporate them into the credit information sharing platform, and accept social supervision. Sixth, strengthen industry self-discipline. Taxi associations play a role in guiding enterprises to standardize their operations and establish a system of online car-hailing platform companies and drivers with bad records. Seventh, severely crack down on illegal operations, cloning cars, and price violations. Establish a long-term mechanism to crack down on illegal operations, deal with passenger complaints in a timely manner, expose serious violations of laws and regulations, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of

　　What are the specific regulations on the application and process of online car-hailing platform companies, drivers, and vehicle practitioners?

　　This city implements "one-stop acceptance and full-process agency" for handling relevant online car-hailing qualifications. From December 21, 2016, online car-hailing platforms and vehicle applications will be accepted at the Municipal Transportation Commission Business Window of the Municipal Government Service Center, and online car-hailing driver applications will be accepted at the official website of the Municipal Transportation Commission and the Municipal Transportation Examination Center (9 outlets). The Municipal Transportation, Public Security, Industry and Commerce, People’s Bank of China Business Department, Network Information, Communication and other units will carry out joint review work in accordance with their work responsibilities.

　　Platform: Article 10 of the Detailed Rules stipulates the handling process of the platform. The applicant submits an application to the Municipal Transportation Commission Transportation Administration Bureau through the Transportation Administration Business Window of the Municipal Government Service Center, and submits the application materials. After the application is submitted, the review decision is generally made within 20 working days. Under special circumstances, it can be extended for 10 working days after approval. Those who pass the review will receive the "Administrative License Decision" and "Online Booking Taxi Business License" at the Transportation Administration Business Window of the Municipal Government Service Center.

　　Driver: Article 12 of the Detailed Rules stipulates the process of handling driver qualifications. Only after a driver meets the relevant qualification conditions and passes the examination by the Municipal Transportation Examination Center can he obtain the "Online Booking Taxi Driver’s License". The applicant himself logs in to the taxi service management system through the network and submits a qualification application to the Municipal Transportation Commission Transportation Administration. After joint review by relevant departments, the Municipal Transportation Commission Transportation Administration will issue the "Notice of Audit Results" through the taxi service management system within 10 working days. The applicant can inquire, download and print by himself. The applicant who has passed the review, in accordance with the requirements of the "Notice of Audit Results", holds the relevant materials and makes an appointment to the designated examination agency to handle the appointment test and examination related matters. 4 working days after the test, the applicant can log in to the taxi service management system to check the test results. Applicants who pass the test will go to the Transportation Bureau to receive the "Administrative Licensing Decision" and "Online Booking Taxi Driver’s License" with relevant materials. The processing period is 10 working days after the test results are announced.

　　Vehicles: Article 13 of the Detailed Rules stipulates the process of handling personal vehicles. The applicant obtains the "Online Booking Taxi Driver’s License" and signs a letter of intent for the driver and vehicle to enter the network with the qualified online car-hailing platform. The online car-hailing platform company connected by the agreement submits an application to the Municipal Transportation Commission Transportation Administration Bureau through the Transportation Administration Business Window of the Municipal Government Service Center, and submits the following application materials: "Online Booking Taxi Vehicle Registration Change Application Form"; the registration certificate, driving license, applicant’s ID card, "Online Booking Taxi Driver’s License" and a copy of the vehicle registered in my name; the letter of intent for online booking taxi operation signed with the online car-hailing platform; the registration of the nature of vehicle use is changed to "Booking Taxi Passenger Transport" application form. For applicants who meet the conditions, the Transportation Administration of the Municipal Transportation Commission shall issue the "Vehicle Registration Change Certificate" to the applicant within 5 working days after receiving the application. The applicant or the entrusted agent shall, with the "Vehicle Registration Change Certificate" and related materials, go to the Municipal Public Security Traffic Management Department to change the nature of vehicle use to "reservation rental passenger transportation". After the nature of vehicle use is changed, the applicant or the entrusted agent shall install vehicle satellite positioning devices and emergency alarm devices in accordance with the provisions of the state and this city. The applicant shall complete the relevant formalities and submit relevant materials to the Municipal Transportation Administration. The Transportation Administration of the Municipal Transportation Commission shall organize vehicle testing. If the review is qualified, the "Online Booking Taxi Transportation Certificate" shall be issued. The review period shall be 5 working days. The online car-hailing platform company can only operate after registering the driver for employment.

　　Considering that after the release of the "Implementation Opinions", online car-hailing platform companies, drivers and vehicles that have already started online car-hailing business in this city will take a certain amount of time to go through the licensing procedures in accordance with the regulations, so a 5-month transition period will be given. During this period, the platform should strengthen self-regulation, and vehicles and drivers that do not meet the qualification conditions should be withdrawn.

　　What are the regulations on private passenger car sharing?

　　Private passenger car sharing, also known as carpooling and ride-sharing, is a shared travel mode in which the ride-sharing service provider publishes travel information in advance, and people with the same travel route choose to take the private passenger car of the ride-sharing service provider, share part of the travel cost or free mutual assistance. Private passenger car sharing is a civil act that is not for profit. It is a travel mode that reflects the sharing economy in the urban transportation field, which is conducive to alleviating urban traffic congestion and environmental pressure. It is obviously different from the online car-hailing commercial passenger transportation service.

　　The city’s "Ride-sharing Opinions" clarify that private passenger cars should follow the principles of "public welfare ride-sharing priority, voluntary mutual assistance, safeguarding legitimate rights and interests, true ride-sharing information, reasonable cost sharing, and strictly prohibiting illegal operations." The ride-sharing information service platform provides ride-sharing travel, which must comply with the relevant regulations of the state and this city. The connected vehicle must be the city’s number plate, and the registered driver’s ride-sharing frequency shall not exceed two times per day. The online ride-hailing platform company shall not provide online ride-hailing services in the name of Hitch, nor may it conduct other illegal operations in the name of Hitch.

　　Private passenger car sharing is currently the most in line with the sharing economy of a shared mode of travel, while alleviating traffic congestion and reducing air pollution have a positive effect. The city encourages the general public to actively carry out private passenger car sharing in compliance with the law. The regulations on limiting the frequency of ride-sharing focus on restrictions on online platforms to provide ride-sharing services and distribute orders. This is also combined with the actual situation that the average Beijing citizen commutes to and from get off work twice a day, while avoiding illegal operations in the name of ride-sharing.