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CCTV News:On April 14th, Shu Yuting, spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce, said that since the beginning of this year, China’s foreign trade has withstood the pressure and started well on the whole, laying a good foundation for achieving the annual target.

Shu Yuting said that in the first quarter, China’s total import and export volume reached 9.42 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10.7%. However, we should also be soberly aware that the environment for foreign trade development is becoming more severe and complicated, and we are facing many risks and challenges.

From an international perspective, the bottleneck of global supply chain has not been alleviated, inflationary pressure has risen, monetary policies in major economies have tightened, and the growth rate of global economy and trade has declined. On April 12th, the WTO lowered its forecast of global economic and trade growth in 2022 by 1.3 and 1.7 percentage points respectively.

From the domestic point of view, local epidemics have occurred frequently recently, and the production and operation of some foreign trade enterprises have been affected, logistics and transportation have been blocked, the supply chain in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta has been sluggish, and the comprehensive cost of enterprises has remained high.

At the same time, however, China’s foreign trade industry has a solid foundation, and the long-term positive fundamentals have not changed. There are still many favorable conditions to achieve the goal of maintaining stability and improving quality in imports and exports.

Shu Yuting, spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce:The Ministry of Commerce will continue to pay close attention to the changes in the situation, do a good job in the implementation of the policies that have been introduced to stabilize foreign trade, study effective new policies, open up blocking points, solve difficulties and eliminate pain points, fully ensure the stable and smooth supply chain of the foreign trade industry chain, help foreign trade enterprises solve difficulties, and strive to keep foreign trade running in a reasonable range throughout the year.

[Observer Network Comprehensive Report] According to foreign media reports such as Bloomberg on February 23, a few days ago, Li Shufu, chairman of Geely, acquired 9.69% shares of Daimler, the parent company of Mercedes-Benz, and became its largest shareholder.

Bloomberg webpage screenshot

The British "Financial Times" said that the German automaker disclosed this situation in a regulatory filing late on Friday. At present, Geely already owns Volvo Cars and Lotus. British media said that this acquisition "shows the latest sign of the global ambition of this China enterprise".

The Financial Times also quoted people familiar with the matter as saying that after this disclosure, Li Shufu, chairman of Geely, will go to Germany to start negotiations with Daimler. Li Shufu hopes to make Geely a China version of Volkswagen, with brands in all market segments. The move marks the China carmaker’s further entry into Europe, and Geely also hopes to open the European market independently with its all-electric car brand Lynk & Co next year.

For this acquisition, Daimler said, "We welcome entrepreneur Li Shufu to become a long-term shareholder."

Li Shufu, Chairman of Geely

According to another person familiar with the matter, Geely is eager to reach an agreement with Daimler on sharing battery technology in response to China’s strict emission regulations, which will take effect next year.

In the research and development of pure electric vehicle technology, Daimler is considered as one of the leading leaders in the automotive industry. Its ambitious plan is to release 10 different all-electric vehicles by 2022 and invest more than 10 billion euros in this technology.

At present, Daimler has established a joint venture with BYD, a China car company, to manufacture electric vehicles.

According to the Financial Times, many China car companies are ambitious in the field of electric vehicles. Apart from Geely and BYD, BMW said on Friday that it is in further negotiations with Great Wall Motor to manufacture a pure electric MINI model in China. Ford Motor Company of the United States is planning to cooperate with Anhui Zotye to launch a series of electric vehicles under a new brand.

In addition to owning Volvo and Lotus, Geely also acquired a 49% stake in troubled Malaysian car company Proton last year, and owned London Electric Car Company, a black taxi manufacturer. In November last year, Geely acquired Terrafugia, a flying car company.

According to DPA, in the past few years, China, as an important market of Daimler, has made many contributions to the sales performance of the company. Although in China, Daimler initially lagged behind the other two German luxury car brands BMW and Audi in the competition, by vigorously expanding the sales network, Daimler’s sales in China are growing rapidly, and China has become Daimler’s most important market.

Recently, the German stock market was in a downturn. After the announcement of Geely’s shareholding, Daimler’s share price rose by 1.4% after hours.

Image source @ vision china

Wen Yi Zheng Lun

In the farming era, agriculture is the foundation of the country. Entering industrial civilization, although agriculture accounts for less and less of the total economic output, it is an important foundation of all industries, and agriculture has a multi-layered relationship with modern economic development.

Taking China as an example, China’s economy, especially after the reform and opening up, has experienced sustained high-speed growth for 40 years. In this process, two topics have become the focus of academic circles and public opinion: one is the sustained growth for 40 years (including the high-speed growth in the first 30 years and the medium-high-speed growth in the second 10 years), which has been praised as the "China miracle" by many scholars and given different explanations from different angles.

The second is the trend of slow growth in recent ten years, which is accompanied by the retreat of late-comer advantage, the disappearance of demographic dividend, the slowdown of urbanization and the anti-globalization trend, which makes many people feel anxious.

If we examine the logic behind China’s economic development from the perspective of agriculture, we may be able to reduce our anxiety in the face of slowing economic growth and get a peek at the opportunities for future economic development.

review

Generally speaking, agriculture has two meanings for economic development: the first is the primary industry in economic growth-agriculture, but the proportion of the added value of primary production in the total GDP will become smaller and smaller with the process of national industrialization; Secondly, from the perspective of development economics, the development of agriculture is the foundation of population growth, labor transfer and urbanization.

(Illustration: The increase of agricultural output can bring about the increase of population, and the increase of population leads to the expansion of economic scale; The improvement of agricultural labor productivity can transfer more labor to modern industry and commerce and provide labor capital for economic development; Population growth, industrial and commercial development, and more people moving from rural areas to cities have brought about the development of urbanization. )

On the macro level as a whole

(Statistics of population, grain output, urbanization rate, GDP and growth rate in China from 1949 to 2019-Source: National Bureau of Statistics)

From 1949 to 2019, the annual output of grain in China increased from 113 million tons to 664 million tons; The added value of the primary industry (agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, but excluding agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery services) ranged from 34.3 billion yuan to 7046.7 billion yuan (1952-2019); The population has increased from 540 million to nearly 1.4 billion; Gross national product (GDP) from 67.9 billion yuan to 99,086.5 billion yuan (1952-2019); The urbanization rate ranges from 10.6% to 60.6%. All this is inseparable from the contribution of basic agriculture.

In this process, we have gone from not having enough to supplying by ticket, to solving the problem of food and clothing poverty, and now we have plenty of food and clothing. Great changes have also taken place in our diet structure, from a diet dominated by staple food to a more balanced and scientific diet of grain, fruits and vegetables, meat, eggs and milk.

People’s health status and education level have been greatly improved. The obvious performance is that the average life expectancy has dropped from less than 35 to 77 now, and the illiteracy rate has dropped from 80% to about 5%. Agricultural development not only pushes up the population base, but also provides a high-quality population for economic development, industrial and commercial development and urbanization.

Today, we are the largest agricultural producer in the world, accounting for 20% of the world’s grain output, 39% of the world’s vegetable and fruit output, and 56% of the world’s pigs. We feed 21% of the world’s population with less than 9% of the earth’s arable land, and the food self-sufficiency rate is 82.3%(2017).

The above is the overall view. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China has experienced several different historical periods. The political and economic systems in each period are not only the same, but also the agricultural and economic development have different structural models and logical relationships. Therefore, we need to look at the relationship between agriculture and economic development in stages.

Look at it in stages

Professor Cai Fang once divided China’s economic development into five stages: Malthusian trap, Ghilt’s involution, Lewis’s dual economic development, Lewis’s turning point and Solow’s neoclassical growth. We divide and simplify it into three stages to explain the relationship between agriculture, population and economic development respectively.

I From Malthusian Trap to Involution (1949-1978)

At the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, we just got out of the war. We are a poor and backward agricultural country, and more than 500 million people are facing the situation of not having enough to eat and not being warm. The population situation is that the high birth rate is accompanied by the high death rate, showing a slow growth, that is to say, it is in the Malthusian trap.

Malthusian trap was put forward by thomas robert malthus, a British political economist, and named after it. It means that the population growth is in accordance with geometric progression, while the survival resources are only in accordance with arithmetic progression. The extra population will always be eliminated in some way, and the population cannot exceed the corresponding level of agricultural development.

We got out of the Malthusian trap on the one hand from the post-war peace, and on the other hand from the food growth brought by agricultural development. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, although China experienced political movements such as cooperatives, people’s communes, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, our grain output still increased gradually during this period.

During this period, agricultural development was promoted by both agricultural system and agricultural technology.

From the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China to 1952, China basically completed the land reform, more than 300 million farmers regained their land, and agricultural production gradually resumed after the war; Subsequently, agricultural production gradually began the movement from mutual aid groups, cooperatives, primary cooperatives, advanced cooperatives to people’s communes. Although from the perspective of system, the influence of system on agricultural development in different periods is both positive and negative, the progress from agricultural technology has obviously promoted agricultural development. Modern agricultural technologies after the industrial revolution: chemical fertilizers, pesticides, improved varieties, irrigation and mechanization (chemical fertilizer industry and mechanization are mainly after the reform and opening up), which have greatly promoted the development of agriculture.

(Illustration: The grain growth brought by agricultural development increases the environmental carrying rate, and with peaceful development, the mortality rate is greatly reduced and the population is growing rapidly. )

The development of agriculture made us get out of the Malthusian trap, and the population increased. However, due to the influence of planned economy, unified purchase and marketing, people’s commune and household registration policy in this period, the increased population did not shift from agriculture to industry and commerce, nor did more people shift from rural areas to cities. The urbanization rate only increased from 10.6% to 17.9% in 30 years.

A large number of surplus labors stay in the countryside, forming an involution society.

Involution was put forward by Ghilt, an American anthropologist, when studying Indonesian agriculture. It refers to the phenomenon that a social or cultural model stagnates or cannot be transformed into another advanced model after reaching a certain form at a certain stage of development.

Huang Zongzhi used the concept of involution in the study of China’s economic development and social changes in "Small Farmers’ Families and Rural Development in the Yangtze River Delta". He called the growth without development "involution" by investing a lot of labor on limited land to obtain the way of total output growth, that is, the way of diminishing marginal benefits.

A large number of surplus labor stranded in rural areas in the involution stage will become an important resource in the following dual development stage.

II Lewis’s dual economic development stage (1978-2004)

In 1978, China began to reform and open up, and changed from a planned economy to a socialist market economy. Since then, China’s economy has embarked on a long-term high-speed growth channel, with high-speed industrial and commercial development and increasing urbanization rate. In this process, a large number of surplus laborers stranded in rural areas during the involution period were released, and they entered cities and towns from rural areas, and entered industry and commerce from agriculture, which became the main driving force of economic development and formed a dual high-speed development model. This model lasted until around 2004, and entered the next stage of development with the arrival of lewis turning point and the disappearance of the demographic dividend.

Dual Economic Model and lewis turning point;

Dual economic model was put forward by British economist Lewis, which means that developing countries coexist with two different economic systems: traditional agricultural economic system and modern industrial system, which is called dual economic structure.

In the dual economic model, the traditional agricultural sector has a large number of surplus labor with zero marginal productivity, and the surplus labor is continuously transferred from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector.

When the surplus labor force is completely transferred, it is the first turning point of Lewis. After the transfer of surplus labor force, the labor force began to be in short supply. However, because the marginal productivity of the industrial sector is still greater than that of the agricultural sector, it will continue to absorb the labor force of the agricultural sector, but the wage level will continue to increase until the marginal productivity of the two sectors is equal, forming a labor market integrating urban and rural areas. At this time, it is Lewis’ second turning point.

The development of agriculture in this period is reflected in two aspects: system reform and technological progress. The landmark event of China’s reform and opening up was the "all-in-one contract" in Xiaogang village in 1978. The household contract responsibility system began to gradually replace the people’s commune, which improved the incentive mechanism and mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers.

The system reform has brought about the improvement of production efficiency and output. Professor Lin Yifu said that 47% of the increase in agricultural product output comes from the improvement of incentive mechanism by household contract system. In terms of system, it also promoted the development of agriculture by abolishing the state monopoly on purchase and marketing (gradually abolished in the mid-1980s), and land circulation (starting in 2002) further increased the mobility of factors.

In terms of technology, industrialized agricultural technologies such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, improved varieties and mechanization have further promoted agricultural production and income. In this stage of agricultural industrialization and modernization, agricultural development and industrial development promote each other.

According to the production and use of chemical fertilizers, there were only a few chemical fertilizer plants in China before the reform, and the annual chemical fertilizer output was only a few million tons, and now it has reached 40-50 million tons/year. Pesticide, seed industry and mechanization also developed rapidly during this period.

During this period, the industrial structure of agriculture has also undergone important changes. The proportion of agriculture (planting), animal husbandry (breeding) and fishing has changed from planting-oriented industrial structure to about 6:3:1 structure, and in planting, the proportion of fruits and vegetables is increasing.

These can be perceived from our daily life for decades. Our daily diet structure has changed from the traditional 8: 1: 1 food: vegetables: meat structure to the 4: 3: 3 model of the upper class in the city and the richer areas such as Taiwan Province and Hongkong. This change is the "hidden" agricultural revolution put forward by Professor Huang Zongzhi.

On the whole, the development of agriculture in this period is not only reflected in the nearly two-fold increase of grain output, but more importantly, the change of food structure, and the improvement of population quality (reflected in the average life expectancy and education level) while the population increases. In this case, the total population growth and quality improvement, coupled with a large number of surplus labor stranded in rural areas during the involution period, provided a large number of cheap surplus labor for the economic development of this period.

At the same time, China’s working-age population (15-59 years old) increased before 2010, reaching a peak of 940 million in 2010. These constitute a huge demographic dividend of economic development since the reform and opening up and become the main driving force for rapid economic growth. At this stage, China’s economy continued to grow at a high speed, with an average annual growth rate of 10% from 1978 to 2010. The urbanization rate ranges from 17.9% to 49.9%.

III transition period (2004-)

In 2004, the "labor shortage" first appeared in the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta, so some scholars regarded 2004 as the lewis turning point of China. After the first turning point of Lewis, the labor supply structure has changed from unlimited labor supply to limited surplus and then to labor shortage.

The arrival of lewis turning point was accompany by that disappearance of the demographic dividend. The disappearance of demographic dividend is divided into two aspects, on the one hand, the disappearance of surplus agricultural labor force, on the other hand, the change of population structure, that is, the aging is intensified and the dependency ratio is improved.

2010 can be said to be the turning point of demographic changes. In 2010, the working-age population reached its peak, and the dependency ratio was close to the trough. After that, the working-age population experienced negative growth, aging intensified and the dependency ratio increased.

Entering the turning point, the labor cost rises, and the marginal income of investment in economic growth begins to decline. We can see the decline of GDP growth rate in 2004, especially after 2010. At the same time, the growth rate of urbanization has slowed down (as shown in the following figures: 1978-2004, 2004-2010, 2010-).

Slow down, trap or endogenous?

After 2010, China’s economic growth slowed down obviously. The arrival of lewis turning point and the disappearance of demographic dividend are one of the important factors, because the variables related to labor force in economic growth have negative growth, and the marginal income of investment has also declined.

In addition to the labor factor, the factors that often lead to the slowdown of economic growth are: the disappearance of late-comer advantage (the change from catch-up growth to cutting-edge growth), the sluggish domestic demand and unsustainable investment-driven growth, the crisis of middle-income trap, and the environmental constraints on future development caused by environmental damage caused by economic development.

However, at this turning point, there are also good factors to maintain the sustained economic growth. Some scholars believe that China’s reform has stepped out of the unique "China model" and can stimulate innovation, so that knowledge and technology can become the driving force for economic progress and enter the endogenous growth model.

So is the future good or bad? Maybe the answer lies in the land under our feet.

Opportunities from the perspective of agriculture

Agricultural development is welcoming two important changes, one is technical and the other is attribute. These two changes will bring new opportunities for economic development from a new perspective.

Technically, post-industrial agricultural technology is changing the petrochemical agricultural model.

Our modern agriculture, namely, Industrial Agriculture, is an important stage of world agricultural development after traditional agriculture. Petrochemical agriculture is characterized by consuming a lot of petroleum-based energy and raw materials, using a lot of fertilizers and pesticides, large-scale single planting or breeding, and a highly mechanized, automated and large-scale agricultural model.

Undeniably, this model has brought about a double increase in agricultural output in China, but at the cost of environmental pollution and degradation (ecological environment degradation, soil degradation, soil organic matter reduction, water pollution, agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, etc.) and the unsustainability of high energy input model.

Agricultural technology in the post-industrial era is changing the unsustainability of petrochemical agriculture and the negative externalities of the environment in many ways.

There is no strict definition of agriculture in the post-industrial era. In terms of modes, such as ecological agriculture, biological agriculture, circular agriculture, organic agriculture, permanence agriculture, natural agriculture, forest agriculture and Regenerative agriculture, these are all attempts in this regard.

Although the early organic agriculture and natural agriculture left the impression of low yield and low efficiency, with the development of microbial technology, molecular biotechnology, ecological technology, information technology, complex systems and other technologies, agriculture in the post-industrial era is constantly improving productivity on the premise of sustainable development.

Take the application of microbial technology in soil improvement as an example: the industrialized agricultural model has caused soil fertility degradation, organic matter reduction, soil microbial degradation and other problems. This not only reduces the yield, but also reduces the soil organic matter, which also means increasing the greenhouse gas emissions. Using microbial technology can efficiently return straw to the field, improve soil organic matter, and restore healthy microbial population in the soil, which not only restores soil fertility, but also increases soil carbon sequestration and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

In addition to the field of soil improvement, the development of microbial technology in anaerobic/aerobic fermentation has also greatly improved the efficiency of agricultural and domestic organic waste recycling, turning the garbage in industrial thinking into energy and fertilizer for agriculture in the post-industrial era.

There are biotechnology, such as biological nitrogen fixation; Ecological technology, such as making more use of biological natural enemies for pest management, treating weeds not with herbicides but with comprehensive management (even utilization); At the same time, modern information technology and artificial intelligence technology can more accurately fertilize and use drugs and reduce the waste of unsustainable resources.

On the whole, agricultural technology in the post-industrial era is constantly improving productivity on the premise of sustainable development.

Attribute: agriculture has changed from a single production attribute to a multi-functional attribute.

As an industry with the closest connection between man and nature, agriculture should have multiple functions, but it was only regarded as the production of agricultural products and means of production (pure production function) during the industrialization period. Agriculture should have social, economic and environmental functions besides production functions.

As early as the 1980s and 1990s, Japan and Europe began to actively promote MFA- Multifunctional Agriculture. UNEP The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) described multifunctional agriculture in its "Agriculture at the Crossroads: A Comprehensive Report" in 2009:

(Illustration: Multifunctional Agriculture Multifunctional Agriculture, IAASTD, UNEP)

Social function of agriculture: agriculture provides a healthy environment and food for the whole society, agriculture and rural areas are also the inheritance of social traditions and culture, and agriculture also plays the role of employment buffer and social stability.

The economic function of agriculture: the commercialization of crop output and its processed products, the primary and secondary production of agriculture, and the positive externalities created by agriculture can empower the economy.

The environmental functions of agriculture: soil, water, climate and biodiversity, which are not only the foundation of agriculture, but also the environment on which our human society depends. Agriculture can destroy the environment, and agriculture can also repair it.

China is a country with a large population. In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China and the period of rapid economic development, the issue of grain output and food security has always been the primary issue of agricultural development. However, with the 12-year continuous increase of grain from 2003 to 2015, the self-sufficiency rate of grain reached 80-90%, and the output was no longer the main goal of agricultural development. We gradually began to pay attention to the social, economic and environmental functions of agriculture, and this trend can also be clearly seen from China’s agricultural policies and rural revitalization strategies in recent years.

The transformation of agricultural technology and attributes brings new opportunities for economic development.

Let’s go back to the economic growth function:

Economic growth function: Y=F(A,K,L),

Y stands for total output, which can be understood as GDP；; A stands for innovation, K stands for capital investment, and L stands for human capital. That is to say, economic growth is a function of innovation, capital and labor.

In the period of dual development, agriculture continuously provides human capital (L) for the development of industrial sectors, but after the Lewis turning point, at our present stage, agriculture will promote economic development by promoting social innovation (A) and form an endogenous growth model driven by technological innovation.

How does agriculture promote innovation? Focus on the environmental function of agriculture.

Sustainable agriculture combined with rational planning, rural areas (including suburbs and towns) have healthy soil, high-quality water, biodiversity and beautiful natural landscape.

The first is industries based on beautiful environment, such as rural tourism, pension, health care, natural education and other industries. Beautiful environment is not only the core assets of these industries, but also provides new competitive advantages and stimulates industry innovation.

Secondly, a good environment will attract those enterprises suitable for telecommuting to settle in villages (or towns). Compared with big cities, rural areas have better natural environment, lower living costs, slower pace of life and cheap and fresh ingredients, which makes some R&D departments such as IT enterprises or high-tech enterprises begin to consider or are moving enterprises/departments out of big cities and into villages/towns.

In fact, the headquarters of many high-tech enterprises in Europe and America are located in some humble towns. There is a famous rural Silicon Valley in Japan, which is located in the once-depressed village-Kamiyama-CHO. Now, many places in China have begun to take advantage of the rural environment to develop innovative industries, as well as rural Silicon Valley. This approach not only reduces the costs of enterprises and employees in many aspects, but also brings employees a healthier life. At the same time, a beautiful environment can stimulate the creativity of enterprises and individuals and inject innovative vitality into the whole economic development.

The so-called "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", a good environment is not only an asset in itself, but also can empower more industries and society, stimulate innovation, and form an endogenous growth model driven by innovation.

summary

In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the progress of agriculture enabled us to get out of the Malthusian trap and the population doubled. However, due to the social system, a large number of people were stranded in the countryside and then involved.

With the reform and opening up and the activation of the system, a large number of surplus labor in agriculture has become a huge demographic dividend in the dual development model, achieving rapid growth for 30 years; When traveling to lewis turning point, the demographic dividend disappeared, and at the same time, with the retreat of late-comer advantage and environmental degradation, the growth slowed down;

The transformation of technology and attributes of agriculture brings new opportunities to China’s economy in the transition period. Sustainable agricultural technology can repair the environment. On the one hand, the environmental function of agriculture promotes economic growth with environmental capital, on the other hand, it stimulates innovation with environmental empowerment, thus forming an endogenous growth model driven by innovation.

References:

1. The most important thing for Cai Fang and China is to find new sources of growth.

2. Huang Zongzhi, "China’s hidden agricultural revolution"

3. ronald harry coase/Wang Ning, Transforming China: The Road to China in Market Economy.

4. the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, Rural Revitalization Strategic Plan (2018-2022).

5. Liang Jianzhang: Enlightenment of Paul Romer’s Nobel Prize in Economics to China.

6.World Bank and the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization，《Agriculture at a Crossroads- International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge,Science and Technology for Development》

[Introduction of titanium media author: Zheng Lun, founder of AgriReview of field observation, please send an email to 19222038@qq.com if you contact the author. 】

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　　On January 22nd, the provincial transportation center held the first plenary meeting of the provincial general highway waterway safety production and Spring Festival travel rush service guarantee in 2025 and the provincial transportation center safety committee, conveying the spirit of studying the national and provincial Spring Festival travel rush working conference, the spirit of the first plenary meeting of the office safety committee and the "30 hard measures" of the Ministry of Transport, and making arrangements for the ordinary highway safety, safe production, Spring Festival travel rush service, letters and visits stability and emergency dispatch.

　　The meeting emphasized that,One isAct quickly and take Spring Festival travel rush’s production safety as a top priority. Deeply understand that "Spring Festival travel rush’s safety is stricter than usual, and Spring Festival’s safety is stricter than Spring Festival travel rush’s safety", put Spring Festival travel rush’s work of safe production and smooth transportation in a more prominent position, grasp key areas and key links, strengthen the supervision of ordinary highways, long bridges and tunnels, 171 shipping companies on waterways and 124 operating ferries, resolutely prevent and contain serious accidents, and make every effort to ensure the overall safety and stability of the industry.The second isRefine the work tasks and make every effort to take the initiative to prevent extreme weather. According to the 19 specific tasks in the work plan of Spring Festival travel rush in the provincial center, the implementation measures will be further refined. Establish a list of responsibilities, clarify job responsibilities step by step, and form a situation of joint management and individual responsibility. Strengthen emergency response, pay close attention to meteorological changes, strengthen early warning and prediction, and start the response mechanism in time to achieve early start, early warning, early preparation, early deployment and early action. We will spare no effort to remove snow and ensure traffic safety, preset emergency forces and emergency equipment and materials in advance on key road sections, increase the frequency of inspections before, during and after rain and snow, and actively carry out snow removal and ice melting operations, so as to clear the road as it descends, clear the road while clearing it, and stop the road when it snows. Strengthen service guarantee, improve the "one road, one policy" emergency plan for long-term congested road sections, and spare no effort to unblock and ensure smoothness.The third isStrict supervision and inspection to ensure that all work is carried out. The provincial center was divided into groups and sent to various places to carry out the investigation and supervision of "five observations and five inspections" around the implementation of Spring Festival travel rush’s safety, security and smoothness. All localities should quickly carry out comprehensive inspection and arrangement of key road sections, key waters, key parts and key links under their jurisdiction, comprehensively sort out and investigate the work of safe production, smooth communication and stable letters and visits, resolutely prevent all kinds of accidents and ensure the overall safety and stability of the industry.

Inquiry method of online banking transaction limit of bank card

In today’s digital financial era, online banking has become an indispensable part of our daily life. However, it is very important to know the online banking transaction limit of bank cards to ensure the safety of funds and smooth transactions. The following will introduce several common methods for you to inquire about the online banking transaction limit of bank cards in detail.

First of all, it is the most direct and convenient way to inquire through the official website of the bank. You just need to open the official website of the bank and log in to your online banking account. Usually, you can find specific information about the transaction limit in the relevant menus such as personal settings, security settings or transaction settings. The website layout of different banks may be different, but there are generally clear guidelines to help you find relevant content.

Secondly, you can also call the customer service phone of the bank to make an inquiry. Customer service staff will accurately inform you of the online banking transaction limit of the bank card according to the identity information and bank card information provided by you. When making a call, please prepare the relevant certificate information so that the customer service staff can verify your identity.

In addition, some banks’ mobile banking applications also provide the function of querying transaction limits. After you log in to your account in mobile banking, you can usually get detailed limit information by searching in the options related to settings or transactions.

In order to give you a clearer understanding of the trading limits of different banks, here are some online banking trading limits of some common banks (the data are for reference only, subject to the latest regulations of each bank):

| Bank Name|| Transfer Limit| Payment Limit|
|—-|—-|—-|
| Bank of China | 500,000 yuan in a single transaction, with a daily accumulative total of 1 million yuan | Depending on different payment scenarios |
| Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | 500,000 yuan in a single transaction, with a daily cumulative amount of 2.5 million yuan | depending on different payment scenarios |
| Construction Bank | 500,000 yuan for a single transaction, and 5 million yuan for a day | Depending on different payment scenarios |

It should be noted that the bank’s online banking transaction limit may change due to many factors, such as your account type, security authentication method, bank policy adjustment, etc. Therefore, it is recommended that you regularly check the latest transaction limit information to ensure that your online banking transactions can proceed smoothly.

In a word, there are many ways to query the online banking transaction limit of bank cards, so you can choose the most convenient and quick way according to your actual situation. Knowing the trading limit in time can help you plan the use of funds better and avoid unnecessary troubles in the trading process.

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　　At the beginning of this month, a criminal ruling issued by Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court showed that Tong Mingqian, former vice chairman of Hunan Provincial Political Consultative Conference and now serving his sentence in Qincheng Prison, received a six-month commutation, and his sentence after commutation will expire on June 30, 2018.

　　Tong Mingqian will be the first tiger to be released after serving his sentence.

　　Incident

　　— — The bribery case that shocked the whole country.

　　The story of Tong Mingqian, the "first tiger" in Hunan after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, from a senior official at the provincial and ministerial level to a criminal in jail, begins with the election more than five years ago.

　　From December 28th, 2012 to January 3rd, 2013, the first meeting of the 14th People’s Congress was held in Hengyang City, Hunan Province. In the process of electing the deputies to the 12th People’s Congress of Hunan Province by difference, what was later called "the most serious case of sabotaging the election since the establishment of the new China People’s Congress system" appeared.

　　According to the situation investigated later, the severity of this bribery election case is shocking.

　　According to Xinhua News Agency, among the 76 provincial people’s congress deputies elected in Hengyang at that time, 56 people sent money to canvass votes, totaling more than 110 million yuan, and the per capita money was nearly 2 million yuan, which did not include the usual money for dinner. Of the 527 Hengyang Municipal People’s Congress deputies who attended the meeting, 518 received more than 100 million yuan in money and goods.

　　The staff of Hengyang Municipal People’s Congress participated in receiving and distributing money, and 68 staff of the Congress received a total of 10.01 million yuan.

　　At the beginning of April 2013, the cover of Hengyang’s sabotage election case, which was tried by some forces, was finally completely uncovered with the direct intervention of the central government and the vigorous promotion of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee.

　　Since April 2013, a thorough investigation storm has been launched in Hengyang, and a large number of people involved in the case have fallen.

　　In Hengyang officialdom, there were nearly 500 people who were seriously dereliction of duty, dereliction of duty and violation of discipline in this case, including Tong Mingqian, then secretary of Hengyang Municipal Party Committee.

　　China News Service reporter Liu Zhenshe

　　crime and punishment

　　— — Mr. Nice guy was sentenced to five years in prison for dereliction of duty.

　　On December 18th, 2013, the website of CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection released a message that Tong Mingqian, who had been the vice chairman of Hunan Provincial Political Consultative Conference at that time, was suspected of serious violation of discipline and law and was under investigation. A few days later, Tong Mingqian was "double opened".

　　CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection mentioned in his briefing on Tong Mingqian:

　　During his tenure as secretary of Hengyang Municipal Committee of Hunan Province, Tong Mingqian, as the leader of the leading group for the city’s general election and the first responsible person for serious general election discipline, did not perform his duties correctly, and did not take effective measures in time to seriously investigate and deal with the bribery problems exposed before and after the election of Hunan Provincial People’s Congress by Hengyang Municipal People’s Congress, which led to serious cases of violation of discipline and law that undermined the election by bribery, causing great losses to the interests of the party, the country and the people, and extremely bad political and social impacts.

　　More than seven months later, on July 24, 2014, the famous "Mr. Nice guy" in local officialdom stood in the dock of Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court. On August 18th, Tong Mingqian was sentenced to five years’ imprisonment for dereliction of duty.

　　After the trial of Tong Mingqian case, China Discipline Inspection and Supervision Newspaper published a commentary entitled "Not only checking corrupt officials but also treating mediocre officials". According to the article, as the first senior official who was dismissed for dereliction of duty since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the sample significance of Tong Mingqian’s case is enormous: the fight against corruption can’t stop at the fight against corruption, and inaction for officials is also corruption.

　　reduce a penalty

　　— — Became an activist for prison reform for two consecutive years.

　　According to the judgment of Beijing No.2 Intermediate People’s Court, Tong Mingqian was detained on January 1, 2014 on suspicion of dereliction of duty, arrested on January 14 of the same year, and then detained in Qincheng Prison of the Ministry of Public Security.

　　After spending more than four years in prison, in March this year, the Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court issued a public notice on the trial of Tong Mingqian’s commutation case. In June, the hospital issued a criminal ruling on the commutation of Tong Mingqian’s dereliction of duty.

　　According to the ruling, Qincheng Prison, the executive organ, proposed to reduce the sentence of Tong Mingqian, a criminal. Qincheng Prison believes that Tong Mingqian, a criminal, can plead guilty and repent, seriously abide by laws, regulations and prison rules, obey management and actively reform during the period of serving his sentence. In 2015 and 2016, he won the award of prison reform activists for two consecutive years. According to Tong Mingqian’s reform and reward, Qincheng Prison put forward suggestions on reducing Tong Mingqian’s sentence.

　　In the ruling, Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court stated that during the period of serving his sentence, Tong Mingqian pleaded guilty, repented, abided by laws, regulations and prison regulations, and received education and reform, and his sentence could be reduced. However, in view of the fact that the offender is a duty criminal, the extent of his commutation should be strictly controlled.

　　Finally, the court ruled that Tong Mingqian was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment (the sentence that should be executed after commutation is from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2018).

　　In fact,Up to now, among the provincial and ministerial officials who have been sentenced since the 18 th National Congress, Tong Mingqian is not the shortest sentence.

　　For example, in November 2016, Zhang Lijun, former vice minister of environmental protection, was sentenced to four years’ imprisonment for accepting bribes.

　　Another example is that in May 2017, Zheng Yuzhen, former deputy director of the Standing Committee of Liaoning Provincial People’s Congress, was sentenced to three and a half years for the crime of sabotaging elections and accepting bribes.

　　However, Tong Mingqian, whose sentence has been commuted, will be the first provincial and ministerial official whose sentence will expire after the 18th National Congress.

　　China News Service reporter Zhang Hao photo

　　What is the basis of Tong Mingqian’s commutation?

　　According to the above ruling, Tong Mingqian’s commutation can be found in the relevant legal provisions.

　　Article 78 of the Criminal Law clearly stipulates that a criminal sentenced to public surveillance, criminal detention, fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment may have his sentence reduced if, during the execution period, he earnestly abides by prison regulations, receives education and reform, shows genuine repentance, or performs meritorious service.

　　According to the above-mentioned ruling on Tong Mingqian’s commutation, Tong Mingqian’s commutation should belong to "observing the prison regulations seriously, accepting education and reform, and really showing repentance".

　　The Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on the Specific Application of Laws in Handling Cases of Commutation and Parole, which came into effect on January 1, 2017, also clarified that:

　　The starting time of commutation for criminals sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment is: if they are less than five years of fixed-term imprisonment, they should be executed for more than one year before commutation; If a person is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than ten years, he shall be sentenced to one year and six months before his sentence can be reduced; If a person is sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than 10 years, his sentence shall be commuted after two years. The starting time of commutation of fixed-term imprisonment is calculated from the date of execution of the judgment.

　　Those who do show repentance or render meritorious service shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than nine months at a time; Those who do show repentance and perform meritorious service shall be given a reduced sentence of not more than one year in prison at a time; Those who have made significant meritorious service shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than one year and six months at a time; Those who do show repentance and make significant meritorious service shall be given a reduced sentence of not more than two years’ imprisonment at a time. (Kan Feng)

The State Council Press Office held a press conference at 10 am on Wednesday, January 13th, 2016, and invited Huang Songping, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs, to introduce the import and export situation in 2015 and answer questions from reporters.

The picture shows the press conference.

Hu Kaihong:
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the press conference of the State Council Information Office. Today, we invited Mr. Huang Songping, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs, and asked him to introduce the import and export situation in 2015 and answer your questions. Let’s ask Director Huang to introduce the situation first.

Huang Yuping:
Hello, ladies and gentlemen, welcome to today’s press conference. It’s a pleasure to meet you and report on China’s foreign trade import and export in 2015, and then answer your questions.

In 2015, the overall recovery of the global economy was weak, the prospects were difficult and tortuous, the downward pressure on the domestic economy was great, and the development of foreign trade entered a new normal. According to customs statistics, in 2015, the total import and export value of China’s goods trade was 24.59 trillion yuan, down 7% from 2014. Among them, exports were 14.14 trillion yuan, down 1.8%; Imports were 10.45 trillion yuan, down 13.2%; The trade surplus was 3.69 trillion yuan, up 56.7%.

In the complicated and severe situation, the development of foreign trade still presents some positive changes and highlights, mainly in the following aspects:

First, the mode of trade is becoming more reasonable. With the vigorous promotion of the State Council’s "steady growth and structural adjustment" measures, the import and export value of China’s general trade in 2015 was 13.29 trillion yuan, down 6.5%, accounting for 54% of the total import and export value, accounting for 0.3 percentage points higher than the previous year; Of which exports increased by 2.2%.

Second, the diversification of trading partners has made positive progress. In 2015, the European Union, the United States and ASEAN were my top three trading partners, with bilateral trade values of 3.51 trillion yuan, 3.47 trillion yuan and 2.93 trillion yuan respectively. In the same period, China’s trade with ASEAN, India and other emerging markets performed relatively well, with the bilateral trade value with ASEAN slightly decreasing by 0.6% and India increasing by 2.5%, both of which were better than the overall situation of import and export.

Third, the foreign trade of private enterprises shows vitality. In 2015, the import and export of private enterprises in China was 9.1 trillion yuan, a slight decrease of 0.2%, accounting for 37% of the total import and export value, an increase of 2.5 percentage points; Of which exports increased by 3.1%.

Fourth, the structure of export commodities was further optimized. In 2015, China exported 8.15 trillion yuan of mechanical and electrical products, up 1.2%, accounting for 57.7% of the total export value, up 1.7 percentage points from the previous year. In the same period, the total export value of seven categories of labor-intensive products, such as textiles, clothing, luggage, footwear, toys, furniture and plastic products, was 2.93 trillion yuan, down by 1.7%, accounting for 20.7% of the total export value; Among them, the export of toys, furniture, luggage and plastic products maintained growth.

5. The import volume of some bulk commodities maintained growth, and the terms of trade further improved. In 2015, the import volume of some bulk commodities in China kept increasing. Among them, imported iron ore was 953 million tons, an increase of 2.2%; 334 million tons of crude oil, up 8.8%. In the same period, China’s import prices generally fell by 11.6%. Among them, the prices of iron ore, crude oil, refined oil, soybeans, coal and copper fell deeply. In the same period, China’s export prices generally fell by 1%, which was significantly smaller than the overall decline of import prices in the same period. From this calculation, China’s trade price terms index was 112.1 in 2015, which indicated that a certain number of goods exported by China could be exchanged for 12.1% more imported goods, which meant that China’s trade price terms were obviously improved and the foreign trade benefits were improved.

The picture shows Huang Songping, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs, introducing the import and export situation in 2015.

At the same time, we must also see that there are still some difficulties in the development of China’s foreign trade. For example, in 2015, China’s bilateral trade with the EU and Japan decreased by 7.2% and 9.9% respectively; The import and export of foreign-invested enterprises and state-owned enterprises decreased by 6.5% and 12.1% respectively; The import and export of processing trade decreased by 10.6%. In December 2015, China’s foreign trade export leading index was 31.2, down 0.8 from November, indicating that China’s export pressure was still relatively high in the first quarter of this year.

Faced with the severe and complicated foreign trade situation, the Customs will resolutely implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council in accordance with the overall arrangement of the Central Economic Work Conference, and promote the stable growth, transformation and upgrading of foreign trade.

Now I’d like to answer your questions.

Hu Kaihong:
Thank you, Director Huang. Let’s start asking questions. Please inform the news organization you represent before asking questions.

CCTV reporter:
In the data you just released, the import and export volume of foreign trade showed a double decline in 2015. What do you think of this? Besides, I noticed that this situation only happened once in the case of the global financial crisis in 2009, and it happened again in 2015. What do you think may be the reason?

Huang Yuping:
In recent years, China’s economy has been more deeply integrated into the world economy, and the development of foreign trade has also entered a new normal development stage with the low growth of the global economy. 2015 can be said to be a year in which the international and domestic situation of China’s goods trade has been more complicated and severe since the new round of global financial crisis. Although the import and export values have declined, through the joint efforts of the whole country, our exports are obviously better than those of the major economies in the world, and the market share has increased compared with the previous year. The drop in import value is large, mainly due to the sharp drop in international commodity prices. This is our overall evaluation of China’s import and export performance of goods trade in 2015.

According to our analysis, the double decline of China’s foreign trade import and export in 2015 has the following specific factors: from the perspective of exports, the main reason is the sluggish external demand. Since 2008, the international financial crisis has destroyed the growth momentum of the world economy, and the overall recovery of the international economy is weak, which has led to a period of deep adjustment of global trade, thus inhibiting China’s export growth. I have just introduced that the export value of China’s mechanical and electrical products only increased by 1.2% in 2015, down by 1.4 percentage points from the previous year. The export value of traditional labor-intensive products decreased by 1.7%, which is also a rare situation in recent years.

This is also confirmed by the global export situation announced by the World Trade Organization. Since 2015, the global export value has experienced a sharp decline, which is rare in recent years. According to the data released by WTO, in dollar terms, the global export value declined by more than 11% in the first 10 months of 2015, which was a decline again after the global financial crisis broke out in 2009. As I mentioned just now, in 2015, China’s exports were significantly better than those of the major economies in the world. In dollar terms, China’s exports fell by 2.5% in the first 10 months, while US exports fell by 6.5%, EU by 13.2% and Japan by 9.5% in the same period.

From the perspective of imports, I will first talk about two sets of data. The first set of data is the price of crude oil in the international market. In 2015, the futures price of NYSE light crude oil was around $50 a barrel at the beginning of the year, and rose to $60 a barrel in the middle of the year, but fell below $40 a barrel by the end of the year, which was more than 40% lower than the year-end peak. By the beginning of 2016, the price is close to $30 per barrel. In the past year, the average import price of our crude oil also dropped from 2856 yuan per ton at the beginning of the year to 2020 yuan per ton in December, with a cumulative decrease of 29.3%. The average import price for the whole year dropped by 45.3% compared with the previous year. The second set of data is the CRB price index of commodities of the US Bureau of Commodity Investigation. This index fell to the level of the global financial crisis in 2008 in 2015. Since May 2014, the CRB price index began to drop sharply from 500 points. Although it rebounded slightly in the first half of 2015, it generally showed a downward trend. By the end of 2015, it fell to 380 points, down 24% from the highest level of the previous year. In January 2016, the index continued to fall to 370 points, approaching the level of 300 points from the end of 2008 to the beginning of 2009 during the global financial crisis. In 2015, the average import prices of bulk commodities such as iron ore, coal, refined oil and copper in China also fell, with year-on-year declines of 39%, 21.8%, 38.3% and 17.1% respectively.

The sharp drop in the prices of major commodities in the world has actually confirmed the slow recovery of the world economy and the sluggish demand. Of course, as China’s economic development enters a new normal, the domestic economy is facing greater downward pressure, and the growth rate of some bulk commodity imports has also slowed down. In 2015, China’s crude oil imports increased by 8.8%, iron ore imports increased by 2.2%, while coal, copper and steel imports decreased by 29.9%, 0.3% and 11.4% respectively, all of which were lower than the previous year. Therefore, the sharp drop in global commodity prices and the slowdown in the growth rate of commodity imports are important reasons for the decline in China’s import value in 2015. Thank you.

Phoenix TV reporter:
We have seen that the exchange rate of RMB has depreciated sharply in these two days except these two days. I’d like to ask you, considering the trend of RMB exchange rate, what do you think of the impact of exchange rate on import and export in 2016?

Huang Yuping:
Recently, the exchange rate has changed rapidly. The change of exchange rate will affect China’s import and export situation to a certain extent. This year’s foreign trade situation, various factors will affect the import and export of foreign trade, and the impact of exchange rate depends on the specific changes in exchange rate this year. We will continue to pay attention to the changes in exchange rate and trade.

Nigerian national television reporter:
Import and export trade between China and Africa in 2015 and between China and Nigeria. Is the trade between China and Nigeria balanced? If it is unbalanced, which side will benefit more? And how to make China-Nepal trade more balanced?

Huang Yuping:
In 2015, the import and export of bilateral trade between China and Africa was 1.11 trillion yuan, down 18.3% year-on-year, of which 0.67 trillion yuan was exported, up 3.6%, and 0.44 trillion yuan was imported, down 38.4%. Imports and exports with Nigeria were 92.7 billion yuan, down 16.3% year-on-year, of which exports were 85 billion yuan, down 10.1%, and imports were 7.7 billion yuan, down 52.8%.

In 2015, Nigeria was China’s third largest trading partner and second largest export market in Africa. China’s exports to Nigeria are mainly mechanical and electrical products and textiles, while imports are mainly commodities such as logs and crude oil.

China’s adherence to opening-up and development and its economic and trade cooperation with African countries, including Nigeria, must be mutually beneficial and win-win.

Last December, the Supreme Leader of president met with Nigerian President Buhari. I believe that in the future, as long as the two sides make joint efforts, give full play to the two advantages of traditional friendship and strong economic complementarity, enhance political mutual trust, close friendly exchanges and deepen cooperation in various fields, they will certainly promote the all-round and rapid development of friendly and mutually beneficial cooperation between the two countries. Thank you.

Russian Tass news agency reporter:
My first question is about Sino-Russian trade in 2015. The second question is, Sino-Russian trade seems to have declined last year. Can it stabilize and rebound this year? Thank you.

Huang Yuping:
In 2015, the total bilateral trade between China and Russia was 422.73 billion yuan, down by 27.8%. Among them, exports to Russia reached 216.24 billion yuan, down 34.4%. Imports from Russia were 206.49 billion yuan, down 19.1%, and the trade surplus was 9.75 billion yuan, narrowing by 86.9%.

Last year should be a severe and complicated year for international trade. This year’s situation, we think, is still rather severe and complicated. Whether there can be a positive trend in Sino-Russian trade, I think, one depends on the economic situation of the two countries and the international environment and situation. Thank you.

Xinhua News Agency reporter:
Last year, both our import and export declined, but you also mentioned that the quality and efficiency of our foreign trade have improved. What are the main aspects? How do you expect the situation of our foreign trade import and export this year? Is it as severe as last year? Thank you.

Let me answer the second question first. In 2016, there will be no obvious improvement in the situation of low world economic growth and sluggish external demand, and China’s foreign trade development still faces many difficulties. However, as long as we follow the unified decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, grasp the correct direction, push forward our work in a down-to-earth manner, accelerate the formation of a new pattern of foreign trade opening-up and actively cultivate new advantages in international competition, I think with the continuous advancement of China’s comprehensive deepening reform and opening-up process, various measures to promote the steady growth of foreign trade will be gradually put in place, and all the work to promote foreign trade development will achieve tangible results, and we will certainly achieve higher quality and more effective development.

In terms of quality and efficiency last year, we have improved. Although trade faces many difficulties, thanks to hard efforts in all aspects, China’s foreign trade has also achieved new results in optimizing its structure, and it has also made outstanding achievements in upgrading quality, efficiency and upgrading, and being superior in entry and exit, mainly as follows:

First, it has maintained its position as the largest country in global trade in goods. At present, China is already the world’s largest country in goods trade and the largest exporter. Combined with the trade situation of the world’s major economies, China will still maintain the position of the world’s largest total value of goods trade in 2015, and its export market share will reach 13%, which will continue to improve compared with the previous year.

Second, emerging trade formats have injected new vitality into foreign trade. Since 2015, China’s emerging trade formats have thrived, and the state has launched a series of new measures to promote the rapid development of emerging trade formats such as cross-border e-commerce and market procurement. For example, since the pilot, by the end of November 2015, seven pilot cities, including Shanghai, Chongqing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Zhengzhou, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, had launched cross-border electronic commerce’s retail import business, and inspected and released 100 million packages with a value exceeding 15.5 billion yuan.

Third, excellent entry and excellent exit have achieved new results. In 2015, the trade mode, trade subject, commodity structure, market diversification, terms of trade and contribution to economic and social development also showed a trend of continuous optimization. For example, the proportion of general trade exports and the proportion of private enterprises’ imports and exports have all increased; Mobile phone exports increased by 8.8%, medical instruments and instruments exports increased by 7.2%, and exports to emerging markets such as ASEAN, India, Latin America and Africa increased by 1.1 percentage points; On the import side, more attention is paid to the import of advanced technology, key equipment and important spare parts. In 2015, the import of high-tech products in China increased by 0.7%, accounting for 32.6% of the total import value, up by 4.5 percentage points.

As for this year’s expectations, we have also noticed that the media are concerned about this year’s foreign trade growth target. I don’t know the specific situation at present, and I suggest you learn from relevant departments. Thank you.

China Net reporter:
Excuse me, Director Huang, we have noticed that in 2015, China’s trade with the EU and Japan declined to a great extent, while its trade with emerging markets such as ASEAN and India increased significantly. How do you interpret these changes? At the same time, in the face of the difficulties in the foreign trade situation this year, what measures do you think our customs will take this year to promote the convenience of the business environment? Thank you.

Huang Yuping:
Just now, we introduced that the import and export of emerging markets, such as ASEAN, have only slightly declined, and the situation is still relatively good. For India, we are growing. At present, the economic situation of emerging market countries is relatively good and the political situation is relatively stable, which has promoted the trade development between China and these emerging markets. In particular, emerging markets have gradually become an important direction for China’s exports.

This year, the customs has also introduced a number of policies and measures to support the development of foreign trade. For example, in terms of customs clearance reform, we have introduced customs clearance integration reform; In terms of reducing the cost of enterprises and facilitating customs clearance, we have also introduced some policies to improve the timeliness of customs clearance and reduce the export cost of enterprises. In addition, we have some measures to simplify administration and decentralize power, which have also been introduced in succession, mainly promoting the cancellation and decentralization of customs administrative examination and approval, and implementing the new requirements of standardized examination and approval in the State Council, establishing a new mechanism for standardized management of administrative examination and approval, comprehensively cleaning up matters involving intermediary services and optimizing internal merger matters, and actively exerting self-pressure. In addition, it also actively promotes some successful experiences of Shanghai Free Trade Zone. All these measures will promote the development of foreign trade. Thank you.

Nigerian national television reporter:
How do you predict the changes in China-Africa trade this year? Including imports and exports, if so, what are the reasons?

Huang Yuping:
As I said just now, the international economic and trade situation this year is still severe and complicated. I think the development of China-Africa trade can not be separated from this general environment. Whether the bilateral trade between China and Africa is developing in a good direction or in a more severe situation depends on the specific situation in the future. We will pay close attention to the development of China-Africa trade, actively create a good customs clearance environment and convenient conditions for China-Africa trade, and also support our enterprises to "go global" and develop good economic and trade relations with Africa. Thank you.

Hu Kaihong:
Today’s press conference is over. Thank you, Director Huang, and thank you all.

　　The administrative punishment of Hua Xun Ark financial fraud case has finally settled. On March 15th, China Securities Regulatory Commission issued the administrative penalty decision and the market ban decision for Hua Xun Ark and related responsible persons.

　　Hua Xun Ark case is one of the series cases of "private network communication". The company’s financial fraud inflated its operating income by 4.3 billion yuan and inflated its profit by 1.1 billion yuan. In May, 2022, Hua Xun Ark was put on file for investigation by China Securities Regulatory Commission. In June of that year, the company was forced to withdraw from the market. The penalty decision shows that the company and the responsible person were fined a total of 19.1 million yuan.

　　Industry insiders told the Securities Daily that the financial fraud case of Hua Xun Ark spanned the old and new securities laws, and the CSRC applied the new securities law to all such cases and brought them into the space of severe punishment, which showed the regulatory authorities’ "long teeth and thorns" supervision.

　　Recently, the CSRC issued a number of fines related to financial fraud and fraudulent issuance, and the investigation efficiency was significantly accelerated, the punishment intensity was significantly improved, and the cost of violating laws and regulations was greatly increased. The maximum penalty amount was nearly 100 million yuan. People close to the regulatory authorities told the "Securities Daily" reporter that securities regulatory enforcement is by no means "three cups of fines", not to mention "breaking money and avoiding disasters", and there are also accountability chains such as civil claims and criminal punishment waiting for offenders. The CSRC has always insisted on giving administrative, civil and criminal all-round three-dimensional blows to vicious illegal acts, so that those who "tell lies", "make false accounts" and "hide the truth" will suffer the end of "both human and financial resources".

　　Punish severely and quickly.

　　The illegal cost of financial fraud has increased significantly.

　　The CSRC has always had "zero tolerance" for financial fraud. Since the end of last year, the CSRC has intensively issued a number of financial fraud and fraudulent issuance tickets applicable to the new securities law, and the punishment has been significantly improved. For example, in the financial fraud case of Hua Xun Ark, the new securities law raised the maximum penalty for financial fraud and other information disclosure violations to 10 million yuan, and the CSRC imposed a heavier fine of 8 million yuan on Hua Xun Ark.

　　In December last year, the CSRC issued a decision on administrative punishment for fraudulent issuance and financial fraud of starting shares. Starting shares used the internal accounting system to fictitious purchase and sale business, and inflated income and profits for three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020, with the highest inflated ratio exceeding 50%. In addition, in 2020, the company fraudulently issued convertible bonds by means of financial fraud, and illegally raised 520 million yuan. The CSRC fined the company and relevant responsible persons a total of 77 million yuan.

　　In January this year, the regulatory agency issued a decision on administrative punishment for () financial fraud and fraudulent issuance. Sichuang Yihui deliberately concealed the traces of fraud, and "borrowed" the subsidiary to carry out false business. In 2021, it fraudulently issued convertible bonds and illegally raised 817 million yuan. The regulatory authorities imposed a cumulative fine of nearly 100 million yuan on the company and responsible personnel.

　　In February of this year, Huatie and Hongxiang successively announced that the company had received administrative punishment and advance notice of market prohibition issued by the regulatory authorities for alleged financial fraud or fraudulent issuance.

　　According to the prior notice, from 2017 to 2022, Hongxiang Co., Ltd. was suspected to have inflated its operating income by about 1 billion yuan and inflated its profits by fictitious sales business, and the company’s shares and convertible bonds issued in 2019 and 2020 were suspected of fraudulent issuance. The regulatory authorities planned to "combine the four crimes" against the company and related responsible persons, with a total fine of 65.56 million yuan.

　　In the annual reports of 2020 and 2021, Huatie Company’s "fraud" was superimposed with "misstatement", false trade was carried out, income and profit were inflated, and capital transactions with related parties were not disclosed for four consecutive years from 2019 to 2022. The regulatory authorities intend to impose a total penalty of 26.3 million yuan on the company and responsible persons.

　　According to industry insiders, judging from the above cases, no matter how hidden the fraud means, the CSRC insists on "penetrating" supervision, pierces the false "veil", pays close attention to people and directly hits the pain; Whether it is a public offering or a non-public offering, once there is a half sentence of "falsehood" to deceive investors, it will be severely punished. Whether issuing stocks or convertible bonds, the issuer "declares that it is responsible", and any counterfeiter who attempts to "circle money" will not only "spit out" the interests with the principal and interest, but also pay a heavy economic price.

　　Accurately attack the "key minority"

　　Let the counterfeiters "go bankrupt and sit at the bottom of the prison"

　　In the case of financial fraud and fraudulent issuance of listed companies, the "key minority" such as the controlling shareholder and actual controller of the company are often the main messengers behind the scenes. For these initiators, the CSRC imposed a huge fine and deprived them of the qualification to continue as executives, which not only made them "bankrupt" but also ruined their careers; Suspected of constituting a crime, or being investigated for criminal responsibility; At the same time, strengthen law enforcement deterrence, cooperate with investors to vigorously recover losses, and let counterfeiters "have both human and financial resources."

　　In the case of Sichuang Medical Benefit, the regulatory authorities fined three responsible persons 13.5 million yuan, with a maximum fine of 7.5 million yuan and a per capita fine of 4.5 million yuan, more than 10 times the per capita annual salary, which made the offenders "bankrupt". Among them, Zhang Mouzhong, the then chairman and general manager of Sichuang Medical Hui, took a 10-year market ban and ruined his career, so that he could no longer make waves and let the offenders "have no way to go". In addition, it meets the criminal prosecution standard of the crime of fraudulent issuance or the crime of illegal disclosure and non-disclosure of important information. Once convicted, the persons involved will face criminal accountability.

　　In the case of starting shares, the CSRC fined four responsible persons a total of 20 million yuan, with a maximum fine of 10 million yuan, 16 times more than the upper limit of the fine in the old law. At that time, Huatie Co., Ltd. was the chairman and actual controller, and it was the "first evil" to organize and instigate and make decisions to implement the case. The regulatory authorities planned to impose a huge fine of up to 8 million yuan on it and take measures to ban it from the market for life.

　　Yang, the actual controller, chairman and general manager of Hongxiang Co., Ltd., intends to be fined as much as 22.88 million yuan and take measures to ban from the market for life. Once the decision is made, the "bad money" will be cleared out of the market permanently.

　　The new securities law not only has a "qualification penalty" to restrict employment, but also adds a "trading authority penalty" to restrict trading, so that offenders will never have the opportunity to set foot in the capital market.

　　According to industry insiders, the CSRC insists on "taking drastic measures to eliminate malnutrition" and "treating chaos with severe punishment", and severely attacks the counterfeiters who try their own laws, "beating their bones and muscles" and "not daring to do it again", so that they can learn a lesson and have a long memory. Using the three-dimensional accountability of "civil punishment" to make counterfeiters "both human and financial" and eradicate the "cancer" of financial fraud.

　　Grasp and rule together.

　　Improve the comprehensive punishment and prevention system of financial fraud

　　According to public data, the CSRC has handled 203 cases of fraud in the past three years and transferred 116 cases of letter cover to public security organs. The reporter learned from people close to the regulators that in the next step, the CSRC will further improve the punishment of financial fraud in the capital market, promote the formulation of opinions on the comprehensive punishment and prevention of financial fraud in the capital market by all localities and departments, strengthen inter-ministerial coordination and coordination between the central and local governments, and promote the formation of a coordinated and organically connected regulatory cooperation pattern.

　　The first is to strengthen penetrating supervision. Further improve the normalized clue discovery and processing mechanism, and continuously screen high-risk and suspicious listed companies through annual report supervision and on-site inspection. Strengthen the collection and combination of information on important parties and related parties of listed companies, improve the level of risk early warning and enhance the ability of discovery. Strengthen data sharing with various departments and local governments.

　　The second is to seriously rectify the areas where fraud is frequent. Severely crack down on long-term systematic fraud and third-party cooperation fraud, and resolutely break the "ecological circle" of fraud. Seriously punish fraudulent issuance of stocks and bonds. Intensify the crackdown on the abuse of accounting policies to implement fraud. Punish listed companies for financial fraud through supply chain finance, commercial factoring and bill trading, "idling" and "taking orders" according to law, and truly supervise "long teeth with thorns" and "Kouga iron teeth".

　　The third is to strengthen prevention beforehand. Strengthen corporate governance supervision such as internal control of enterprises, increase the supervision pressure on key minorities, further give play to the anti-fraud functions of audit committees and independent directors, and increase the reward amount for insider reporting.

　　The fourth is to compact the responsibility of intermediaries. We will resolutely "double-investigate a case" and file a case in parallel, severely punish illegal cases such as collusion and fraud, resolutely apply "hard measures" such as prohibition of business, and urge audit and evaluation institutions to find out and report on their own initiative in time.

　　The fifth is to strengthen all-round three-dimensional accountability. Promote the introduction of regulations on the supervision and management of listed companies, clarify the legal responsibilities for cooperating with acts such as counterfeiting and encroaching on the interests of listed companies, and strengthen administrative constraints. Make full use of the institutional advantages of public security and procuratorial organs stationed in the CSRC, and explore intelligence guidance and joint listing supervision. Promote the judicial interpretation of the crime of breach of trust damaging the interests of listed companies, and increase criminal accountability for financial fraud and embezzlement of the interests of listed companies. Give play to the system functions such as paying in advance, supporting litigation, and the commitment of administrative law enforcement parties, and greatly increase the illegal cost.

　　BEIJING, June 15 (Xinhua) According to South Korea’s "East Asia Daily" report, the investigation on the shipwreck of the South Korean "Shiyue" passenger ship is still in progress. 14th, responsible for investigating "‘ The special inspection team of Shiyue, who was puzzled by the falsification of evidence at the time of the tragedy, seized and searched the server of the comprehensive digital evidence management system of the Grand Prosecutor’s Office, which kept CCTV image data on the day of the tragedy.

　　According to reports, on the same day, Li Xianzhu’s special inspection team dispatched investigators to the Grand Prosecutor’s Office in Seocho District, Seoul, and mastered the investigation teams related to the "Shiyue" incident such as Gwangju District Prosecutor’s Office and Seoul Central District Prosecutor’s Office in 2014. Closed-circuit television images and investigation records collected inside and outside the ship at that time.

　　The special inspection team published a report on the same day, saying: "More than 800 records and 40TB electronic intelligence materials have been obtained from the Special Investigation Committee on Social Tragedy (referred to as the Social Tragedy Committee), and more than 30 boxes of documents and 100TB video have been ensured through the seizure and search of the navy and the marine police, which are being analyzed."

　　According to the report, the special inspection team also investigated the suspicion that the CCTV image data was forged on the day of the sinking of the Shiyue and the video recording device (DVR) that stored the data was replaced before being submitted to the prosecution.

　　The special inspection team has entrusted the National Institute of Scientific Investigation to identify four materials, such as the original DVR hard disk, recovery data, video containing DVR recovery scenes, and video inside the hull of Shiyue. According to the special inspection, 11 people, including the relevant persons of the Social Welfare Committee, have been summoned as witnesses for investigation.

　　The report pointed out that the special inspection team must end the investigation before July 11, and then decide whether to prosecute. If necessary, the special inspection can be approved by the President to extend the investigation period by 30 days.

　　According to previous reports, on April 16, 2014, the "Shiyue" passenger ship carrying 476 people accidentally entered the water and sank in the waters north of Pingfeng Island, Jindo County, Jeollanam-do, South Korea, and the 300-year-old was killed or missing. After the tragedy, the South Korean government promised to rectify and set April 16th as "National Security Day" every year.

　　At the same time, since the "crony intervention" incident broke out, there have been allegations that former South Korean President park geun-hye left his post without directing rescue within seven hours after the shipwreck, and the former chief secretary of Cheongwadae’s civil affairs intervened in the prosecution’s investigation of the "Shiyue" shipwreck and obstructed the search, which cast more shadows on this tragedy. Poor response after the accident was also written in the impeachment bill against park geun-hye.

　　Original title: Cloisonne’s non-legacy journey opens a fun class for parents and children

　　Visit the production workshop of cloisonne and experience the "point blue" craft … On August 1st, 2020, the intangible cultural heritage tour of cloisonne was held in Beijing Enamel Factory, which was the first parent-child activity after the resumption of Beijing consumption season. It is learned that the parent-child festival will last until August 31, providing a variety of interactive experience options for Bao Ma and Bao Da to bring their babies in summer.

　　Since its launch on June 6th, 2020, the Parent-child Festival in Beijing’s consumption season sponsored by the Municipal Bureau of Commerce has held three major theme activities, namely, "Parent-child benefits time", "Happy Carnival" and "The more you fight, the more wonderful you get". The Parent-child Festival has also brought a market with the theme of parent-child families in conjunction with the shopping districts such as Beijing Aegean Shopping Park and Zihexin Department Store. With the resumption of Beijing’s consumption season, the parent-child festival will open a "fun class for parents and children" in August to entertain and educate through immersive experience.

　　On August 1st, the parents and children who came to the scene visited the China Cloisonne Art Museum and the open production workshop. The children listened to the teacher’s explanation with relish, asked questions from time to time, and finally experienced the cloisonne production process, which not only exercised the children’s concentration, but also made them feel the craftsman spirit.

　　The major business districts in Beijing also carry out rich theme activities for parent-child families in summer. On August 8, Beijing Hualian Changying Shopping Center will invite Hanxiang Calligraphy, Ole Football and other enterprises to bring parent-child performances, markets, interactive experiences and other activities, and merchants such as food, clothing and sports will also carry out preferential promotions; Beijing Aegean Shopping Park will carry out activities such as night alley Jingnan market, summer singing and starry sky screening. Zihexin Department Store launched the parent-child night market on August 7, with parent-child handcraft, parent-child music DIY, online celebrity snacks, etc. COFCO Xiangyun Town joined hands with several international avant-garde musicians to open the "Summer Music Season". (Ma Jing)