After the second Party Congress formally put forward the idea of United front, the third Party Congress did this important thing.

　　This year marks the centenary of the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the centenary of the establishment of the United front policy of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s national revolution.

　　Great unity and reunification is the unswerving pursuit of the Chinese nation. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to continuously consolidate and develop the great unity of the people of all ethnic groups in the country and the Chinese people at home and abroad, fully mobilize all positive factors, and unite the majestic forces of building a strong country and national rejuvenation. This is a great encouragement and important guidance for doing a good job in the United front work in the new era and new journey.

　　This year marks the centenary of the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the formal establishment of the United front policy of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s national revolution. Although this United front finally broke down due to subjective and objective reasons, and the vigorous Great Revolution also failed, the establishment of this policy fully demonstrated that the people of China are people with great unity spirit, the Chinese nation is a nation with great unity spirit, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) is the leading force and mainstay to carry forward the great unity spirit and promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) first proposed the establishment of a revolutionary united front.

　　Looking back on the history of the Party in the past century, among the various political forces in modern China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) was the first to call for the establishment of a national revolutionary united front and resistance to imperialist aggression.

　　In November, 1921, Mao Zedong published the article "What he hoped for in the labor union" in Labor Weekly, and shouted "Workers all over the world unite!" The slogan. In May 1922, the Declaration of the First National Labor Conference put forward that "workers and oppressed people all over the world should unite and March towards the bourgeoisie and the oppressed class together!" This is the first time that the Party has led the working people of the whole country to put forward a congress with United front ideological documents. The first National Congress of the Socialist Youth League of China held in Guangzhou in the same month clearly stated: "The Socialist Youth League of China recognizes that the problem of liberating the proletariat and the oppressed nation is a world problem. To achieve the goal of socialism, it is necessary for the proletariat and the oppressed nation in the world to unite in revolution." This is the first party group organization to shout out the slogan of United front thought.

　　Driven by the above-mentioned organizations and individuals, inspired by Lenin’s national revolutionary thought, in June 1922, the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) published "the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s Views on the Current Situation", which clearly stated for the first time in the name of the Central Executive Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) (actually, it was not formed at that time): "the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s method is to invite revolutionary Democrats such as the Kuomintang and revolutionary socialist groups to hold a joint meeting to jointly establish a democratic United front on the basis of the above principles. The central leadership began to consider "jointly establishing a democratic United front" with other political parties. This thought has experienced an expansion process from the central leadership to the whole party at the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China. At the same time, the establishment of the United front is clearly directed at Sun Yat-sen’s Kuomintang, which can be called the bud of the United front thought.

　　In July, 1922, the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China was secretly held in Shanghai, and the idea of a United front was formally put forward. This is not only reflected in the Declaration issued by the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China, but also reflected in the Resolution on "Democratic United Front". In the "Declaration", not only the idea of establishing a national revolutionary United front was put forward for the first time, but also the slogan of "Down with international imperialism" was clearly shouted. The declaration pointed out: the Communist Party of China (CPC) "wants workers and poor peasants to establish a democratic United front with the petty bourgeoisie" and called on "workers and poor peasants must unite with the petty bourgeoisie again under the banner of the Communist Party of China (CPC)". The Resolution on "Democratic United Front" not only clearly puts forward the idea of "Democratic United Front", but also puts forward the corresponding three-point plan. Once the resolution was passed by the General Assembly, it became the will of the whole party, thus realizing a major change in the strategic policy of the whole party.

　　Regarding this important transformation of the Party’s Second Congress, Chen Duxiu, Chairman of the Second Central Executive Committee, pointed out in the report of the Party’s Third Congress: "In the past, our party’s policies were idealistic and unrealistic, and later we began to pay more attention to the current situation of China society and participate in realistic movements." "Since then, our party’s political views have changed greatly". In this regard, Cai Hesen, the second executive member of the Central Committee and Minister of Propaganda Department, also pointed out: "At the First Congress of the Communist Party of China (1921), our party did not decide on any policy … … This proves that it can only be said that it is a propaganda organ, not a political party, because there is no policy resolution on political issues. By the second congress, the party had a policy and began to make political propaganda. In the past, it was completely advocating, and now it is a political proposition. "

　　It is worth noting that the above personal remarks and Party documents were published in Shanghai. In particular, the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai, where declarations and resolutions were issued. Shanghai is undoubtedly the place where the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s United front thought was put forward.

　　Solve difficult problems and take the lead in establishing the policy of inner-party cooperation between Kuomintang and Communist Party.

　　Thought is the forerunner of action. From the idea of United front to the formulation of United front policy, that is, from theory to practice, it is bound to go through a difficult process of debate and even struggle. Undoubtedly, the policy of inner-party cooperation was the only practical policy at that time, which was not only an unprecedented severe test for the the Communist Party of China (CPC) people who practiced their initial intentions and undertook their mission, but also a phoenix-like rebirth opportunity for the Kuomintang people in China.

　　The first heated debate took place at the West Lake Conference in Hangzhou in August 1922. According to the changes in the international and domestic situation, under the guidance of the Comintern, our party decided to establish a United front of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party through intra-party cooperation. The establishment and recognition of this policy, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has experienced two stages of gradual acceptance from the central level to the whole party. After a heated debate in August 1922, the West Lake Conference finally accepted Chen Duxiu’s policy of conditionally joining the Kuomintang and implementing inner-party cooperation, thus realizing the transformation from the democratic United front to the inner-party cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party at the central level. After the meeting, Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao took the lead in joining the Kuomintang.

　　The second heated debate took place at the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In June, 1923, the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China passed the Resolution on the National Movement and the Kuomintang and the Declaration of the Third National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) with a slight advantage, and officially decided that Communist party member would join the Kuomintang in his own name to realize the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, thus determining the policy of the United front of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The determination of the policy of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party is the three most important historical achievements of the Party.

　　The third debate is a fierce debate within the Kuomintang. On the one hand, Sun Yat-sen ruled out the resistance and opposition of the old Rightists in the Kuomintang and reinterpreted the Three People’s Principles, so that the new Three People’s Principles were basically consistent with the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s democratic revolutionary program and became the political basis for cooperation. On the other hand, communist party people who joined the Kuomintang also fought against the Kuomintang Rightists, pushing Sun Yat-sen to reorganize the Kuomintang. In January 1924, the First National Congress of the Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou. After fierce struggle, the meeting finally established three major policies of "uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party and helping the peasants and workers", and adopted the decision of Communist party member and youth league members to join the Kuomintang in their own names, thus marking the formal formation of the Kuomintang-Communist cooperation United front. Since then, the prelude of the national revolutionary United front has been opened, and the great practice of the century-old United front has also been officially opened.

　　The United front shows the great unity spirit of the Chinese nation.

　　Unity and struggle is the most prominent spiritual symbol of the people of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China. The spirit of great unity formed is an important part of Chinese excellent traditional culture, a common treasure of Chinese people at home and abroad, and a powerful spiritual support for Chinese people at home and abroad to strive for self-improvement and unity from generation to generation. The United front policy has determined that all the achievements made by the party and the people in the past 100 years are the result of United struggle.

　　First of all, the United front has carried forward the great unity spirit of the Chinese nation.. The United front led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) unites all revolutionary classes in China society as never before, gathering them into a historical torrent to promote national independence and people’s liberation, and carrying forward the great unity spirit of the Chinese nation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly expounded and summarized the five outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization at the forum on cultural inheritance and development, namely, continuity, innovation, unity, inclusiveness and peace, among which continuity, unity and inclusiveness embody the spirit of great unity.

　　Secondly, the United front has become an important magic weapon for China’s revolution, construction and reform.. Over the past 100 years, the United front has not only become one of the three magic weapons for China’s revolution to win, but also an important magic weapon for China’s construction, reform and national rejuvenation. The history of the party’s hundred years of struggle tells us that unity is strength and struggle to create the future; Only a nation that can unite and struggle can have a future, and a political party that can unite and struggle can be invincible. History also tells us that unity formed around a clear goal of struggle is the strongest unity, and struggle based on close unity is the most powerful struggle. We have created glorious history by United struggle, and we must also open up a bright future by United struggle.

　　Thirdly, the spirit of great unity will surely gather the majestic power of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.. In the new era, the Communist Party of China (CPC) will further consolidate and expand the patriotic United front in order to achieve the goal of the second century and achieve the great cause of rejuvenation in the past century. In November, 2021, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Hundred Years’ Struggle declared to the world: "As long as we continue to consolidate and develop the great unity of all ethnic groups, the people of the whole country and all Chinese people, and build a strong sense of the Chinese nation community, and form a vivid situation in which all Chinese people at home and abroad are thinking in one place and working hard in one place, we will certainly be able to gather the majestic power to realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." This fully shows the greatest confidence of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s high historical self-confidence in the new era.

　　(The author is a professor at Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance and a distinguished researcher at Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought Research Center, the supreme leader of Shanghai.)

　　(This article only represents the author’s personal views)