Cctv newsAccording to the news of the Emergency Management Department, in order to accurately determine and eliminate the hidden dangers of major accidents in industrial and commercial enterprises in time, according to the Law on Work Safety and other laws and administrative regulations, and combined with the lessons of typical accidents in industrial and commercial enterprises in recent years, the Emergency Management Department formulated and issued the Criteria for Determining the Hidden Dangers of Major Accidents in Industrial and Commercial Enterprises (Order No.10 of the Emergency Management Department, hereinafter referred to as the Criteria), listing 64 cases that should be determined as hidden dangers of major accidents. In order to further clarify the specific judgment situation, facilitate the application of emergency management departments at all levels and industrial and trade enterprises, and standardize the effective implementation of the Judgment Standard, the meanings of key clauses in the Judgment Standard are now explained.

　　Attachment: Interpretation of Criterion for Judging Major Accidents in Industry and Trade Enterprises

　　Article 1 In order to accurately determine and promptly eliminate the hidden dangers of major accidents in industrial and commercial enterprises (hereinafter referred to as the hidden dangers of major accidents), this standard is formulated in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Work Safety and other laws and administrative regulations.

　　Article 2 This standard is applicable to determine the hidden dangers of major accidents in industrial and trade enterprises such as metallurgy, nonferrous metals, building materials, machinery, light industry, textiles, tobacco, commerce and trade. If there are other provisions on the determination of major accidents involving dangerous chemicals, fire fighting (fire), gas and special equipment in industrial and trade enterprises, such provisions shall apply.

　　[Interpretation]

　　(1) The third "management" major accident hidden danger judgment standard in this Judgment Standard is applicable to all relevant industrial and trade enterprises; Article 4 to Article 10 The criteria for judging the hidden dangers of major accidents in "industries" are applicable to industrial and trade enterprises in seven industries: metallurgy, nonferrous metals, building materials, machinery, light industry, textiles and tobacco. Article 11 to Article 13 "Special category" major accident hidden danger judgment standards are applicable to relevant industrial and trade enterprises in three fields, namely, dust explosion danger, refrigeration with liquid ammonia and limited space operation with poisoning risks such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide. (2) If there are ironmaking blast furnaces, steel-making converters, steel-making electric arc furnaces and molten steel refining furnaces of more than 30 tons in industrial and trade enterprises other than metallurgy and nonferrous metals, the relevant requirements shall be implemented in accordance with Items (1), (2), (4), (5), (6), (7) and (8) of Article 4 for metallurgical enterprises.

　　(3) If there is deep well casting technology in industrial and trade enterprises other than nonferrous metals, the relevant requirements shall be implemented in accordance with Items (3), (6), (7), (8), (9) and (10) of Article 5 for nonferrous metals enterprises.

　　Article 3 An industrial and trade enterprise shall be judged as a major accident hidden danger under any of the following circumstances:(1) Failing to coordinate and manage the work safety of contractors and lessees in a unified way, or failing to conduct regular safety inspections.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) Where the production and operation projects and sites are contracted out or leased to other units, the enterprise has not signed a special safety production management agreement with the contractor or lessee, or has not stipulated their respective safety production management responsibilities in the contract or lease contract. (2) If the production and operation projects and sites are contracted out or leased to other units, the obligations of unified coordination and management of production safety of the enterprise shall be exempted or passed on in the safety production management agreement, contract and lease contract signed by the enterprise and the contractor and lessee.

　　(3) If the production and operation projects and sites are contracted out or leased to other units, the enterprise fails to conduct regular safety inspections on the contractors and lessees in accordance with the rules and regulations on production safety or the requirements in the agreements and contracts, or fails to urge the rectification if safety problems are found.

　　(two) special operations personnel have not received special safety training and obtained corresponding qualifications in accordance with the regulations, and they have been working at their posts.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) Enterprises use special operators who have not obtained corresponding special operation certificates to work at their posts.

　　(2) Enterprises use special operators who forge special operation certificates to work at their posts.

　　(3) Enterprises use special operation personnel whose special operation certificate has expired or has not been reviewed upon expiration to work at their posts.(three) the main person in charge of the metal smelting enterprise and the safety production management personnel have not passed the examination in accordance with the provisions.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　6 months after the main person in charge of the metal smelting enterprise and the safety production management personnel took office, they failed to pass the examination of the corresponding emergency management department.

　　Article 4 Metallurgical enterprises in any of the following circumstances shall be judged as major accidents:

　　(1) The meeting room, activity room, lounge, operation room, shift changing room, changing room (including bathhouse) and other six kinds of people gathering places, as well as the cold (hot) repair station of steel water tank are located in the terrace area where molten iron, molten steel and slag are hoisted.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　(1) "Floor area" refers to the zero-meter ground area in the workshop with molten iron, molten steel and liquid slag (hereinafter referred to as "molten metal", the same below for metallurgical enterprises) as the boundary, and the vertical boundary is the boundary between the columns on both sides near the lifting side of molten metal. Among them, the transverse direction refers to the running direction of the trolley for lifting molten metal crane; Longitudinal refers to the running direction of the cart for lifting molten metal crane (Figure 4-1). "Zero-meter ground area in the workshop" does not include the sheltered area directly below the overhead platform, such as the walking area of molten steel tank car and slag tank car under converter furnace. (2) "Operation room" includes control room, inspection room and laboratory (the same below for metallurgical enterprises).

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) Meeting rooms, activity rooms, lounges, operation rooms, shift rooms and changing rooms (including bathhouses) of steel-making plants and ferroalloy plants are set in the terrace area directly below the running area of molten metal cranes.

　　Note: The "floor area directly below" refers to the workshop floor area, which is bounded horizontally by the side line of the column near the molten metal lifting side on both sides of the lifting span, and vertically by the limit boundary of the lifting process of molten iron, molten steel and slag at the extreme ends of the lifting span (Figure 4-2).

　　The "lifting process limit boundary" refers to the vertical boundary position reached by lifting the ladle, ladle and slag ladle (ladle and basin) across the outer wall of the ladle (ladle and basin) near the extreme ends in the longitudinal direction when the ladle, ladle and basin are located at the loading position, pouring position, ladle turret or ground track limit lifting point (the same below for metallurgical enterprises).

　　The outer wall of the slag tank (ladle, basin) in steelmaking and continuous casting is not regarded as the limit boundary of molten metal lifting process.

　　(2) The meeting rooms, activity rooms, lounges, operation rooms, shift rooms and changing rooms (including bathhouses) of steel-making plants and ferroalloy plants are located in the floor area (in the longitudinal direction, as shown in Figure 4-3) within 50m of the lifting limit boundary of molten metal.

　　(3) The converter operation room of the steel-making plant is located on the overhead platform of the workshop, and its side facing the hot metal lifting is not completely enclosed by a solid wall.

　　Note: "Solid wall" refers to brick wall, concrete wall or wall built with refractory materials (the same below for metallurgical enterprises); "Not completely enclosed by solid wall" means that the entrance and exit doors and observation windows of the operation room facing the lifting side of molten metal are not completely enclosed by solid wall (the same below for metallurgical enterprises).

　　(4) The operating rooms of the AOD furnace, VD furnace and VOD furnace on the overhead platform of the steel-making plant face the external wall that the lifting side of molten iron and molten steel is not completely closed by the solid wall, and are within the side line of the column near the lifting side of molten metal in the ladle and the ladle.

　　(5) In the continuous casting process of the steel plant, the operation room of the continuous casting platform is arranged in a single span by using the horizontal continuous casting car of the ladle or the ladle turret, and the external wall facing the lifting side of molten steel and slag is not completely closed by the solid wall, and it is within the side line of the column near the lifting side of molten metal of the continuous casting platform.

　　Note: The lifting side facing molten steel and slag includes two directions: facing the continuous casting span and facing the walking route of the ladle.

　　(6) The cold (hot) repair station and the cold repair station of the steel ladle in the steelmaking plant are located in the terrace area directly below the running area of the molten iron, molten steel and slag crane, or at the extreme ends of the lifting span in the longitudinal direction, which fails to meet the safety protection requirements.

　　Note: "Safety protection requirements" refers to the outer wall of the tank at the cold (hot) repair station and the cold repair station of the hot metal ladle (near the limit boundary of the tank lifting process), and the distance between the tank and the limit boundary of the molten metal lifting process is greater than or equal to 15m; A solid wall with a height greater than or equal to 2 meters and a width more than 1 meter beyond the hot repair operation station shall be set at the hot repair station of the ladle near the lifting side of molten metal (Figure 4-4); The distance between the solid wall and the limit boundary of lifting technology should be greater than or equal to 13 meters.

　　(2) During the production period, there is water accumulation in accident pits and slag pits in smelting, refining and casting production areas, as well as six types of areas such as platform in front of the furnace, furnace base area, lifting in the factory building and ground transportation channels within the scope of molten metal leakage and splashing.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Judgment situation:

　　(1) During the production period, there is accumulated water in the area within 3m from the blast furnace main trench and the edge of the iron trench.

　　(2) During the production period, there is accumulated water in the working platform in front of the furnace, the accident pit and slag pit under the furnace, the molten metal lifting channel in the workshop and the ground transportation channel in the workshop, such as steelmaking slag span, molten iron pretreatment, converter, electric arc furnace, induction furnace, refining furnace, continuous casting and submerged arc furnace.

　　(3) During the production period, there is accumulated water in the pouring pit of steel ingot and in the running track area of pouring vehicle.

　　2. Exceptions:

　　(1) During the production period, the area within 3m from the blast furnace main trench and the iron trench edge in the tapping field in front of the furnace is wet.

　　(2) During the production period, the working platform in front of the furnace, the accident pit and slag pit under the furnace, the molten metal lifting channel in the workshop and the ground transportation channel in the workshop are wet.

　　(3) During the production period, the accumulated water in the drainage ditch (tank) used for collecting (discharging) maintenance, equipment failure, water leakage and process cooling water keeps flowing. (4) During the production period, the steel-making slag keeps flowing over the stagnant slag and the accumulated water in the drainage ditch (well) where slag is splashed under the electric arc furnace.

　　(3) The accident ladle, tundish breakout pit (trough), tundish overflow pit (trough) and breakout rotary chute are not set in the steelmaking and continuous casting process, or the accident ladle (pit, trough) is not set in the die casting process.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Judgment situation:

　　(1) No emergency ladle, tundish breakout pit (trough), tundish overflow pit (trough) and breakout rotary chute are set in the continuous casting process.

　　(2) The breakout rotary chute is not set or maintained as required.

　　Note: The requirements for setting the rotary chute include that the chute body is welded with steel plates, and the interior is built with refractory bricks or refractory materials. One end of the chute extends above the accident ladle, and the other end should be as close as possible to the side of the tundish body without affecting the normal running of the tundish car, and the end is closed. Maintenance requirements include no internal blockage and no water accumulation. The continuous casting machine can be equipped with a single-sided breakout rotary chute.

　　(3) The emergency storage capacity of tundish breakout pit (groove) is less than the full capacity of tundish.

　　(4) There is no emergency ladle (trough, pit) in the ingot casting process.

　　Note: Ingot pouring pit shall not be used as accident pit.

　　(5) The emergency storage capacity of the ladle (pit, trough) in continuous casting accident or ingot casting accident is less than the full capacity of the ladle.2. Exceptions:

　　(1) The continuous casting process of horizontal continuous casting car of ladle is used, and the breakout rotary chute is not set.

　　(2) The continuous casting process using a horizontal continuous casting car with a steel ladle, in which the accident steel ladle is set on the ground of zero meters in the workshop below the continuous casting platform.

　　(4) The water cooling elements of steel-making furnaces such as converter, electric arc furnace, AOD furnace, LF furnace, RH furnace and VOD furnace are not equipped with monitoring and alarm devices, or the monitoring and alarm devices are not interlocked with the tilting of furnace body, automatic lifting of oxygen (auxiliary) gun, automatic power-off of electrodes and lifting devices.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The automatic lifting of oxygen lance of converter and AOD furnace is not interlocked with oxygen pressure of oxygen lance, water inflow of cooling water, water outlet temperature and water inflow and outflow difference; The automatic lifting of the water-cooled sub-gun is not interlocked with the inlet water flow rate, outlet water temperature and inlet and outlet water flow difference of the sub-gun; The tilting of the furnace body is not interlocked with the difference of water flow in and out of the water-cooled oxygen lance or sub-lance. (2) Water-cooled ladle cover of 2)LF furnace, water-cooled furnace wall of electric arc furnace, water-cooled furnace cover, water-cooled oxygen top gun and shaft water-cooled parts. Consteel furnace is connected with trolley water jacket, and there is no monitoring and alarm device for outlet water temperature and inlet and outlet water flow difference, or the alarm device is not interlocked with the automatic power-off and rising of electrodes. (3) The monitoring and alarm device for the difference between the outlet water temperature and the inlet and outlet water flow of the water-cooled oxygen top gun of the electric arc furnace is not interlocked with the automatic lifting and stopping of oxygen supply to the top gun. (4) The water-cooled oxygen lance of 4)VOD, CAS-OB, IR-UT, RH-KTB and other refining furnaces is not equipped with a monitoring and alarm device for the flow difference between inlet and outlet water, or the alarm device is not interlocked with the automatic lifting and stopping of oxygen supply of the oxygen lance.2. Exceptions:

　　Using atomized water (mixture of compressed air and water) cooling process, and equipped with atomized water circulating water supply tank and electric arc furnace to monitor the water level difference in the water tank in real time, but not equipped with monitoring and alarm device for inlet and outlet water flow difference.

　　(5) During the production of blast furnace, the set value of furnace top working pressure exceeds the maximum working pressure specified in the design documents, or the monitoring device of furnace top working pressure is not interlocked with the relief valve of the furnace top, or the set value of interlocking relief pressure of the relief valve of the furnace top exceeds the design pressure value of the equipment.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Equipment design pressure value" refers to the maximum pressure value of interlocking automatic relief of the relief valve on the top of the furnace specified in the design document.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) During production, the set value of the working pressure of the furnace top exceeds the design value of the highest working pressure specified in the design documents.

　　(2) During production, the relief valve on the top of the furnace was not interlocked with the working pressure on the top of the furnace.

　　(3) During production, the set value of interlocking relief pressure of the relief valve on the top of the furnace exceeds the design pressure of the equipment.

　　(4) The valve cover of the top relief valve is bolted and fixed.

　　3. Exceptions:

　　The number of top relief valves of a single blast furnace is greater than or equal to 3, and at least 2 top relief valves are interlocked with the working pressure of the top during production.

　　(6) Six kinds of places where people gather, such as meeting rooms, activity rooms, lounges, operation rooms, shift rooms and changing rooms, near facilities for gas production, recovery and purification, pressurized mixing, storage and use, and places and parts where gas leakage and accumulation may occur are not equipped with fixed carbon monoxide concentration monitoring and alarm devices, or the monitoring data are not connected to places where people are on duty for 24 hours.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:(1) "Facilities for gas production, recovery and purification, pressurized mixing, storage and use" refer to blast furnaces, converters, coke ovens, shaft furnaces, shaft kilns, continuous casting, submerged arc furnaces, gas dust collectors, gas holders, pressurizers, air exhausters, mixing devices, gas heating furnaces, annealing furnaces, preheating furnaces, ignition furnaces, drying furnaces, hot stoves, rotary kilns and power generation facilities. (2) "Places and positions where gas leakage and accumulation may occur" refers to the coke oven basement, heating furnace basement, annealing furnace basement, gas holder inlet and outlet pipeline basement, gas holder piston upper part, pressurizing machine room, air extractor room, drainer room, roaster, preheater, blast furnace tuyere and platforms above (except platforms above the square hole on the top of the blast furnace), blast furnace top hydraulic station (including closed oil pump room and closed tool room), Operating platform of automatic shut-off valve for hot blast stove gas, coal injection drying furnace, pulverized coal preparation room, gas power generation facility room (including TRT turbine sound insulation cover), ash unloading platform of gas dust collector, platforms above converter mouth, water sealing pool of vacuum refining device, mechanical vacuum pump room, gas heating furnace, gas preheating furnace, gas heat treatment furnace, main exhaust fan room for sintering pellets, sintering ignition furnace, pellet shaft furnace (rotary kiln) igniter and lime shaft kiln (rotary kiln)2. Judgment situation:(1) The meeting room, activity room, lounge, operation room, shift room and dressing room near the gas production, recovery and purification, pressurized mixing, storage and use facilities are not equipped with fixed carbon monoxide concentration monitoring and alarm devices. Note: This item is not applicable to the 6-category personnel gathering places set beside the gas transmission and distribution pipeline in the plant area. (2) Stationary carbon monoxide concentration monitoring and alarm devices are not set in places and parts where gas leakage and accumulation may occur. (3) The real-time data of the fixed carbon monoxide concentration monitoring and alarm device is set in the six categories of people gathering places and places and parts where gas leakage and accumulation may occur, and it is not connected to the 24-hour manned place.3. Exceptions:(1) There are six kinds of people gathering places without other entrances and windows in the meeting room, activity room, lounge, operation room, shift room and dressing room, and no fixed carbon monoxide concentration monitoring and alarm device is set. (2) The judgment of this item (1) When the facility site is unattended, the conference room, activity room, lounge, operation room, shift room and dressing room in the unattended area are not equipped with fixed carbon monoxide concentration monitoring and alarm devices.

　　(3) Real-time data of alarm devices in the 24-hour manned operation room of gas production, recovery and purification, pressurized mixing, storage and use facilities are not connected to the 24-hour manned place.

　　(seven) heating furnace, gas holder, dust collector, pressurizer, roaster and other facilities, as well as the gas pipeline before entering the workshop without partition device.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:"Blocking device" refers to the device which is arranged on the gas pipeline and used to block the gas and has the function of reliably keeping the gas from leaking to the isolated area. Devices with this function can be independent or combined. Independent partition devices include fully enclosed glasses valve, valve cavity water injection type double gate cut-off valve and valve cavity water injection type NK valve; The combined partition device consists of butterfly valve, gate valve, ball valve and other cutting devices, glasses valve, blind plate and U/V water seal.2. Judgment situation:(1) The gas pipelines of gas facilities such as heating furnace, gas holder, dust collector, pressurizer and roaster are not provided with partition devices. Note: When the combined cutting device and blind plate partition device are used, the supporting iron should be set at the blind plate blocking position. The gas pipelines at the inlet and outlet of gravity dust collector, cyclone dust collector, cooler, spray tower, washing tower, annular seam cleaning tower, Venturi tube and dehydrator involved in the blast furnace and converter gas purification system are not provided with partition devices according to the process characteristics. (2) The inlet gas pipeline before entering the workshop is not provided with a partition device.3. Exceptions:(1) The gas pipelines at the inlet and outlet of the electrostatic precipitator under the negative pressure condition of the converter gas purification system are not provided with partition devices.

　　(2) When the gas pipeline with a diameter of less than 100mm adopts the combined cutting device and blind plate partition device, the supporting iron is not set at the blind plate.

　　(8) The maximum plugging gas pressure of the water-sealed drainer of the positive pressure gas transmission and distribution pipeline is less than 30kPa, or both sides of the same gas pipeline partition device share a drainer, or the upper drainage pipes of different gas pipeline drainers are connected, or the gas pipelines of different media share a drainer.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:(1) "Water-sealed drainer" refers to a device that uses the height of the water column to overcome the gas pressure and automatically discharges the condensed water and accumulated water in the gas pipeline through overflow. According to the different structure of the drainer body, it can be divided into vertical water-sealed drainer and horizontal water-sealed drainer. (2) "Maximum sealing gas pressure" refers to the highest pressure that can seal the gas in the pipeline determined by the structure of the water-sealed drainer itself, which is generally expressed in kPa (international unit) or mmH2O (water column height).2. Judgment situation:(1) The maximum sealing gas pressure of water-sealed drainer in positive pressure gas transmission and distribution pipeline is less than 30kPa(3060mmH2O). (2) Both sides of the partition device of the same gas transmission and distribution pipeline share a drainer. (3) The drainage pipes at the upper parts of the drainers of different gas pipelines are connected. (4) Gas pipelines with different media share a drainer.3. Exceptions:(1) The maximum gas blocking pressure of the water-sealed drainer at the bottom of the electrostatic precipitator behind the gas cabinet, cabinet body and converter gas cabinet is less than 30kPa(3060mmH2O). (2) The positive and negative pressure drainage pipes on both sides of the pipeline partition device at the inlet and outlet of the gas extractor share water-sealed wells (tanks).

　　Fifth non-ferrous enterprises in any of the following circumstances, it should be judged as a major accident hazard:

　　(1) Six kinds of personnel gathering places, such as meeting room, activity room, lounge, operation room, shift room and dressing room (including bathhouse), are set in the floor area of molten metal lifting span.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　(1) "Molten metal" refers to molten and liquid nonferrous metals, slag and liquid slag. (2) "Floor area" refers to the zero-meter ground area in the workshop bounded horizontally by the side lines of the columns on both sides of the molten metal lifting span near the molten metal lifting side, and vertically by the fence on both sides of the lifting span. Among them, the transverse direction refers to the running direction of the trolley for lifting molten metal crane; Longitudinal refers to the running direction of the crane for lifting molten metal. (3) "Operation room" includes control room, inspection room and laboratory (the same below for non-ferrous enterprises).2. Judgment situation:(1) The meeting room, activity room, lounge, operation room, shift room and dressing room (including bathhouse) are set in the floor area directly below the lifting span. Note: The "floor area directly below" refers to the workshop floor area bounded horizontally by the side line of the column near the molten metal lifting side on both sides of the lifting span, and vertically by the limit boundary of the molten metal lifting process at both ends of the lifting span; "Lifting process limit boundary" refers to the vertical boundary position reached by lifting the molten metal tank (ladle, basin) across the outer wall of the tank (ladle, basin) near the extreme ends in the longitudinal direction when the tank (ladle, basin) is located at the loading position, the pouring position, the casting position or the extreme lifting point of the ground track (the same below for non-ferrous enterprises, Figure 5-1).

　　(2) The meeting room, activity room, lounge, operation room, shift room and dressing room (including bathhouse) were set at the longitudinal ends of the lifting cross-floor area, which failed to meet the safety protection requirements. Note: "Safety protection requirements" refer to the external walls of six kinds of people gathering places (near the limit boundary of tank lifting process, the same below for non-ferrous enterprises) in meeting rooms, activity rooms, lounges, operation rooms, shift rooms and changing rooms (including bathhouses), and the limit boundary with molten metal lifting process is 15m or more (Figure 5-2).

　　(3) When the production process requires molten metal cans (ladle and basin) to enter the overhead platform of the factory building, the external wall of the operating room on the platform facing the molten metal lifting side is not completely closed with a solid wall, and the lifting span is within the side line of the column near the molten metal lifting side.

　　Note: "Solid wall" refers to brick wall, concrete wall or wall built with refractory materials; "Not completely enclosed by solid wall" means that the entrance and exit doors and observation windows of the operation room facing the lifting side of molten metal are not completely enclosed by solid wall.(2) Accident pits and slag pits in smelting, refining and casting production areas during production, as well as platforms in front of the furnace, furnace base areas, lifting and ground transportation passages in the workshop within the influence range of molten metal leakage and splashing, etc.sixThere is unproductive water accumulation in the class area.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Productive accumulated water" refers to the water source necessary for the production process operation that must exist and run synchronously with the production equipment and be exposed to the production site, such as the collecting tank and water tank of the open-circuit cooling water system and the cooling water in the deep well of the deep well casting process.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) Unproductive water accumulation exists in the accident pit, slag pit under furnace, working platform in front of furnace and furnace base area of smelting, refining and casting production area during production.

　　(2) During the production period, there is accumulated water in the molten metal lifting channel and the ground transportation channel in the workshop.

　　3. Exceptions:

　　(1) During production, the accident pit, slag pit under the furnace, working platform in front of the furnace and furnace base area are wet.

　　(2) During the production period, it is set in the smelting, refining and casting production areas, and is used to collect (discharge) water leakage due to maintenance and equipment failure, as well as the accumulated water in the drainage ditch (tank) of process cooling water to keep flowing.

　　(3) During the production period, there is water in the slag and liquid slag slow cooling site in the workshop.

　　(3) There are no emergency discharge and emergency storage facilities in the molten metal casting process (except tilting melting furnace, tilting holding furnace, tilting integrated melting furnace and fixed melting furnace with holding furnace);

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The melting furnace, holding furnace and casting furnace of molten metal deep well casting process are not equipped with emergency discharge and emergency storage facilities.

　　Note: The "casting furnace" refers to the casting furnace group directly connected with the casting deep well through the launder and the distribution launder, including the holding furnace (static furnace) and the integrated melting furnace, excluding the melting furnace with independent melting function (the same below for non-ferrous enterprises).

　　(2) The capacity of emergency storage facilities of fixed casting furnace for molten metal deep well casting process is less than the rated charging capacity of furnace body; When multiple fixed casting furnaces share emergency storage facilities, the capacity of emergency storage facilities is less than the maximum rated charging capacity of a single furnace body.

　　2. Exceptions:

　　Tilting melting furnace, tilting holding furnace, tilting integrated melting furnace and fixed melting furnace with holding furnace are not equipped with emergency discharge and emergency storage facilities.

　　(four) smelting furnaces, casting machines (except the crystallizer of aluminum deep well casting process) and heating furnaces with water cooling are not equipped with emergency water sources.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The water-cooled molten metal smelting furnaces, heating furnaces and casting machines are not equipped with emergency water supply facilities such as high-level water towers (boxes and pools) and emergency water supply pumps.

　　(2) Emergency water supply facilities are not equipped with emergency power supply.

　　Note: "Emergency power supply" refers to dual-circuit power supply, UPS power supply, diesel generator with automatic conversion, or other power sources with emergency function of the same level; High water tower (box, pool) and other facilities that realize emergency water supply through gravity gravity gravity flow do not involve emergency power supply (the same below for non-ferrous enterprises).

　　2. Exceptions:

　　There is no emergency water supply facility for the crystallizer of aluminum processing deep well casting process, or emergency power supply is not provided for the emergency water supply facility.

　　(5) The closed-loop water cooling element of the molten metal smelting furnace is not equipped with a monitoring and alarm device for outlet water temperature and inlet-outlet water flow difference, or the open-circuit water cooling element is not equipped with a monitoring and alarm device for inlet water flow and pressure, or the outlet water temperature of the open-circuit water cooling element is not monitored.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) Closed-loop water cooling elements of melting metal smelting, smelting and refining furnaces are not equipped with monitoring and alarm devices for outlet water temperature and inlet and outlet water flow difference.

　　(2) Open-circuit water cooling elements of melting metal smelting, smelting and refining furnaces are not equipped with water inflow and pressure monitoring and alarm devices.

　　Note: The setting of monitoring and alarm devices for outlet water temperature, inlet water flow, inlet and outlet water flow difference and pressure can be set in different regions and categories according to the water supply characteristics of different water cooling elements in molten metal furnaces, that is, it is not necessary to set corresponding monitoring and alarm devices separately for each water cooling element.

　　(3) The outlet water temperature of the open-circuit water cooling element in the melting, smelting and refining furnaces of molten metal is not detected.

　　Note: Detection methods include regular manual detection and online real-time monitoring. When an enterprise manually detects the outlet water temperature of an open-circuit water cooling element, it shall conduct the detection according to the requirements of the management system or operating procedures, and the detection results shall be recorded in writing.(6) The cooling water system of the crystallizer for the deep-well casting process of aluminum processing is not equipped with the monitoring and alarm device for water inlet pressure and water inlet flow, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the quick shut-off valve, emergency discharge valve and chute disconnection device, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the tilting casting furnace control system.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) The cooling water system of crystallizer is not equipped with water inlet pressure and water inlet flow monitoring and alarm device.

　　(2) The alarm signals for monitoring the inlet pressure and flow rate of cooling water in the crystallizer are not interlocked with the quick cut-off valve or emergency discharge valve.

　　(3) The alarm signals for monitoring the inlet pressure and inlet flow of cooling water in the crystallizer are not interlocked with the chute disconnection device.

　　(4) The alarm signals for monitoring the inlet pressure and flow rate of cooling water of crystallizer are not interlocked with the tilting control system of tilting casting furnace.(7) The liquid level monitoring alarm device is not set at the junction of the liquid aluminum outlet chute of the casting furnace and the inlet of the die plate (distribution chute) in the deep well casting process of aluminum processing, or the liquid aluminum outlet of the fixed casting furnace is not set with a mechanical locking device.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) The liquid level monitoring and alarm device is not set at the outlet chute of molten aluminum in the casting furnace or the joint between the chute and the inlet of the die plate (distribution chute).

　　Note: Each crystallizer (for example, slab ingot production, the same below for non-ferrous enterprises) or each runner of the die plate in the casting deep well is equipped with a liquid level monitoring and alarm device, which is regarded as the joint between the runner of the casting furnace and the inlet of the die plate (distribution runner).

　　(2) The aluminum liquid outlet of the fixed casting furnace is not provided with a mechanical locking device.(8) There is no emergency discharge valve in the aluminum liquid flow tank of the fixed casting furnace of the deep well casting process for aluminum processing, or there is no quick cut-off valve (disconnection device) at the junction between the flow tank and the entrance of the die plate (distribution flow tank), or the liquid level monitoring alarm device at the junction between the flow tank and the entrance of the die plate (distribution flow tank) is not interlocked with the quick cut-off valve (disconnection device) and the emergency discharge valve.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) The aluminum liquid flow tank of the fixed casting furnace is not provided with an emergency discharge valve.

　　Note: A fixed casting furnace with a disconnecting device is installed at the junction of the launder and the entrance of the die plate (distribution launder), and the aluminum liquid flow trough may not be provided with an emergency discharge valve.

　　(2) There is no quick shut-off valve or disconnection device at the junction between the runner of the fixed casting furnace and the entrance of the die plate (distribution runner).

　　(3) The liquid level monitoring alarm signal at the joint between the runner of the fixed casting furnace and the entrance of the die plate (distribution runner) is not interlocked with the quick cut-off valve, disconnect device and emergency discharge valve.

　　Note: Each crystallizer or each runner of the die plate in the casting deep well is equipped with a liquid level monitoring and alarm device, and each monitoring and alarm device is interlocked with an emergency discharge valve and a quick cut-off valve (disconnection device). It is deemed that a liquid level monitoring and alarm device is installed at the joint between the runner of the fixed casting furnace and the inlet of the die plate (distribution runner), and is interlocked with the quick cut-off valve, disconnection device and emergency discharge valve.(9) There is no quick cut-off valve (disconnection device) at the junction between the chute of the tilting casting furnace and the entrance of the die plate (distribution chute) in the deep well casting process of aluminum processing, or the liquid level monitoring alarm device at the junction between the chute and the entrance of the die plate (distribution chute) is not interlocked with the tilting control system of the casting furnace and the quick cut-off valve (disconnection device).

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) There is no quick cut-off valve or disconnection device at the junction between the chute of tilting casting furnace and the entrance of the die plate (distribution chute).

　　(2) The liquid level monitoring alarm signal at the joint between the chute of tilting casting furnace and the entrance of the die plate (distribution chute) is not interlocked with the quick cut-off valve or the disconnection device.

　　(3) The liquid level monitoring alarm signal at the joint between the chute of tilting casting furnace and the entrance of the die plate (distribution chute) is not interlocked with the tilting control system.

　　Note: Each crystallizer or each runner of the die plate in the casting deep well is equipped with a liquid level monitoring alarm device, and each alarm device is interlocked with the quick cut-off valve (disconnection device) and the tilting control system. It is deemed that the joint between the chute of the tilting casting furnace and the inlet of the die plate (distribution chute) is equipped with a liquid level monitoring alarm device, and it is interlocked with the quick cut-off valve (disconnection device) and the tilting control system of the casting furnace.

　　(4) The liquid level monitoring alarm device, emergency discharge valve, quick cut-off valve and disconnection device are not equipped with emergency power supply.

　　(10) Non-steel core steel wire rope is selected for the steel wire hoisting system of aluminum processing deep well caster, or the system of regular inspection and replacement of steel wire rope is not implemented.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) Non-steel core steel wire rope is selected for the steel wire hoisting system.

　　(2) The steel wire rope is not inspected regularly according to the requirements of the system of regular inspection and replacement of steel wire rope.

　　Note: The periodic inspection cycle is at least once a month.

　　(3) The wire rope that should be scrapped still continues to be used.

　　(11) No fixed gas concentration monitoring alarm device is set in the places and parts where four kinds of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen arsenide, chlorine gas and hydrogen sulfide may leak and accumulate, or the monitoring data are not connected to the places where people are on duty for 24 hours, or the places and parts where hydrogen arsenide gas may exist are not tested with the same effect.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　(1) "Places and locations where carbon monoxide gas leakage and accumulation may occur" refers to the vicinity of various gas generating facilities; All kinds of basements and pressure stations involving gas; Hot stoves, roasting furnaces, drying furnaces, etc. using gas; Production links using coke (carbon powder and coal powder) as fuel or reducing agent, such as fuming furnace and anode furnace; Gas purification, recovery, storage, distribution and use areas of electric furnaces and fully enclosed submerged arc furnaces for smelting high titanium slag, nickel pyrometallurgy and silicon.

　　(2) "Places and positions where hydrogen arsenide gas may leak and accumulate" refers to the acid leaching process, liquid cleaning process, sponge cadmium process, indium replacement process, etc. in lead-zinc smelting; Electrolyte purification process in copper smelting, copper electrowinning process of dust recovery; Impurity removal process in tin smelting.

　　(3) "Places and positions where chlorine leakage and accumulation may occur" refers to the liquid chlorine storage and vaporization room in precious metal production; Chlorination gold separation process (gold separation kettle, primary reduction kettle, secondary reduction kettle, etc.) and palladium precipitation process; Liquid chlorine storage and vaporization room for germanium production; Chlorination process, rectification (re-steaming) and other processes; Liquid chlorine chlorination refining process in lead and bismuth refining process (such as bismuth chlorination refining pot).

　　(4) "Places and positions where hydrogen sulfide gas may leak and accumulate" refers to the sewage treatment system that adopts arsenic removal process with gypsum sulfide (such as adding sodium sulfide or sodium hydrosulfide to waste acid to produce hydrogen sulfide, electrolyzing hydrogen with water to produce hydrogen sulfide, cracking hydrogen with methanol and reacting with sulfur to produce hydrogen sulfide, etc.); Storage location of sodium sulfide and sodium hydrosulfide (e.g. sodium sulfide and sodium hydrosulfide are stored in the same warehouse with acid or hydrogen sulfide is generated due to moisture).

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) There is no fixed gas concentration monitoring and alarm device in the places and parts where carbon monoxide, hydrogen arsenide, chlorine and hydrogen sulfide may leak and accumulate.

　　(2) The real-time data of the fixed gas concentration monitoring and alarm device in the places and parts where carbon monoxide, hydrogen arsenide, chlorine and hydrogen sulfide may leak and accumulate are not connected to the 24-hour manned places.

　　Note: For non-24-hour continuous production enterprises, the real-time data of on-site fixed gas concentration monitoring and alarm devices should be connected to manned places during production.

　　(3) In places and parts where hydrogen arsenide gas may leak and accumulate, and no fixed gas concentration monitoring and alarm device is set, mercury bromide (mercuric chloride) test paper is not used to detect the concentration of hydrogen arsenide gas.

　　3. Exceptions:

　　Use mercury bromide (mercury chloride) test paper to detect the concentration of hydrogen arsenide gas in places and parts where hydrogen arsenide gas may leak and accumulate.

　　(12) The gas main of the combustion device that uses gas (natural gas) and forced air supply is not equipped with a pressure monitoring and alarm device, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the emergency automatic cut-off device.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Combustion device using gas (natural gas) and forced air supply" refers to ignition furnace, rotary kiln, shaft furnace, shaft kiln, drying kiln and flue gas furnace, as well as gas (natural gas) single fuel gas such as molten metal pot (ladle, basin) roaster, smelting furnace, refining furnace, holding furnace, melting furnace, heating furnace, annealing furnace and heat treatment furnace.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The main gas (natural gas) inlet pipe using gas (natural gas) and forced air supply combustion device is not provided with a non-return device or an emergency automatic cut-off device.

　　(2) The emergency automatic cut-off device of the inlet main pipeline of the gas (natural gas) monomer gas equipment is used, which is not interlocked with the low-pressure monitoring device of the gas inlet main pipeline.(13) The maximum plugging gas pressure of the water-sealed drainer of the positive pressure gas transmission and distribution pipeline is less than 30kPa, or both sides of the same gas pipeline partition device share a drainer, or the upper drainage pipes of different gas pipeline drainers are connected, or the gas pipelines of different media share a drainer.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Maximum sealing gas pressure" refers to the highest pressure that can seal the gas in the pipeline determined by the structure of the water-sealed drainer itself, which is generally expressed in kPa (international unit) or mmH2O (water column height).

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The maximum sealing gas pressure of water-sealed drainer in positive pressure gas transmission and distribution pipeline is less than 30kPa(3060mmH2O).

　　(2) Both sides of the partition device of the same gas transmission and distribution pipeline share a drainer.

　　(3) The drainage pipes at the upper parts of the drainers of different gas pipelines are connected.

　　3. Exceptions:

　　(1) The maximum sealing gas pressure of water-sealed drainer at the bottom of gas cabinet is less than 30kPa(3060mmH2O).

　　(2) The positive and negative pressure drainage pipes on both sides of the pipeline partition device at the inlet and outlet of the gas extractor share water-sealed wells (tanks).Sixth building materials enterprises in any of the following circumstances, it should be judged as a major accident:(a) the temperature and fixed carbon monoxide concentration monitoring and alarm device is not set in the bag dust collector and pulverized coal bunker of the coal mill, or the gas fire extinguishing device is not set.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) The ash hopper or air inlet and outlet of the coal mill bag filter are not equipped with temperature monitoring and alarm devices.

　　(2) The cone of pulverized coal bunker is not equipped with temperature monitoring and alarm device.

　　(3) No fixed carbon monoxide concentration monitoring and alarm device is set at the air outlet of coal mill bag dust collector.

　　(4) The pulverized coal bunker is not equipped with a fixed carbon monoxide concentration monitoring alarm device.

　　(5) The coal mill bag dust collector or pulverized coal bunker is not equipped with a gas fire extinguishing device, or the gas fire extinguishing device is not equipped with three startup modes of automatic control, manual control and mechanical emergency operation at the same time.

　　(two) the manual cleaning operation of the barrel storage failed to implement the safety measures to prevent falling and collapse from a height in the cleaning plan.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) The manual warehouse cleaning operation of the barrel warehouse has not made a warehouse cleaning plan.

　　(2) The manual cleaning scheme of barrel storage lacks safety measures to prevent accidents such as falling, collapsing and burying suffocation.

　　(3) The safety measures to prevent accidents such as falling, collapsing, burying and suffocation from heights were not implemented during the manual warehouse cleaning operation.

　　(3) The tubular storage of carbide slag raw materials in cement enterprises is not equipped with a fixed combustible gas concentration monitoring and alarm device, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the emergency ventilation device.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) There is no fixed combustible gas concentration monitoring and alarm device at the top of the tubular storage of carbide slag raw materials in cement enterprises.

　　(2) There is no emergency ventilation device in the tubular warehouse of carbide slag raw materials in cement enterprises.

　　(3) The fixed combustible gas monitoring and alarm device of carbide slag raw material barrel warehouse in cement enterprise is not interlocked with emergency ventilation device.

　　(4) Failing to take isolation measures for the equipment that may be started accidentally, the influx of materials, high-temperature gas, toxic and harmful gas, etc., or failing to implement safety measures to prevent falling and collapsing from high places before entering the barrel storage, roasting kiln, cyclone of preheater, calciner, shaft furnace, grate cooler, mill and crusher.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) When entering the barrel storage, grate cooler, mill and crusher, the power supply of the equipment is not cut off and locked and listed in the transformer room.

　　(2) When entering the barrel storage, roasting kiln, preheater cyclone, calciner, shaft furnace, grate cooler, mill and other operations, the valves and rams to prevent the influx of materials, high temperature or toxic and harmful gases from entering were not closed, and the power was cut off, locked and listed.

　　(3) No measures were taken to prevent the collapse of materials above the working surface or to prevent people from falling from high places when working in the barrel storage, roasting kiln, preheater cyclone, calciner, shaft furnace and grate cooler.

　　(5) The gas main pipe of a gas kiln (except the heat generator gas kiln) adopting premixed combustion mode is not provided with a pipeline pressure monitoring and alarm device, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with an emergency automatic cut-off device.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Gas main" refers to the pipeline that supplies all the gas of a single gas kiln.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The pressure monitoring and alarm device is not set on the gas main pipe of the gas kiln with premixed and partially premixed combustion mode.

　　(2) There is no emergency automatic cut-off valve in the gas main of the gas kiln with premixed and partially premixed combustion mode.

　　(3) The emergency automatic cut-off valve of the gas main pipe of the gas kiln with premixed and partially premixed combustion mode is not interlocked with the pressure monitoring alarm device.

　　3. Exceptions:

　　Gas kiln with diffusion combustion mode; Heat generator gas kiln.

　　(six) hydrogen production station, nitrogen and hydrogen protective gas distribution room, gas distribution room and other three places are not equipped with fixed flammable gas concentration monitoring and alarm devices.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) There is no fixed combustible gas concentration monitoring alarm device capable of monitoring hydrogen concentration in hydrogen production station and nitrogen-hydrogen shielding gas distribution room.

　　(2) There is no fixed combustible gas concentration monitoring and alarm device in the gas distribution room.

　　(seven) the water cooling equipment of the electric furnace for electric melting products fails.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　Water cooling equipment of electric furnace for electric melting products leaks.

　　(eight) the glass furnace, glass tin bath and other equipment are not equipped with monitoring and alarm devices for water cooling and air cooling protection systems.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) There is no water flow monitoring and alarm device or pressure monitoring and alarm device in the water inlet header of the water-cooling equipment of the glass kiln and glass tin bath.

　　(2) The water cooling equipment such as the front face water bag of the glass furnace, the tin liquid cooling water bag of the glass tin bath, and the lip brick water bag are not provided with the water temperature monitoring alarm.

　　(3) The air-cooled protection devices such as the pool wall fan, the steel self-closed ballast fan, the L hanging wall fan and the bottom fan of the glass tin bath are not equipped with shutdown alarm devices.

　　Seventh machinery enterprises in any of the following circumstances, it should be judged as a major accident:

　　(a) meeting rooms, activity rooms, lounges, changing rooms, shift rooms and other five types of personnel gathering places are set in the floor area of molten metal lifting span or pouring span.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　(1) "Lifting span" refers to the column spacing (fence) and span area at both ends of the workshop where the molten metal crane belonging to the smelting operation area runs (Figure 7-1). (2) The "pouring span" refers to the column spacing (fence) and span area at both ends of the workshop where the molten metal crane belongs to the pouring operation area (Figure 7-1).

　　(3) "Floor area" refers to the positive and negative zero area in the workshop bounded by the side lines of the columns on both sides of the molten metal lifting span or pouring span near the lifting side of the molten metal, and bounded by the walls at both ends of the lifting span or pouring span in the longitudinal direction. Among them, "transverse" refers to the running direction of the trolley for lifting molten metal crane; "Longitudinal" refers to the running direction of the crane for lifting molten metal (Figure 7-2); "Positive and negative zero area" does not include the blocked area directly below the overhead platform.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The meeting room, activity room, lounge, dressing room and shift room are set in the floor area directly below the molten metal lifting span. Note: The "floor area directly below" refers to the floor area with the boundary line of the column near the molten metal lifting side on both sides of the lifting span as the transverse boundary and the limit boundary of the molten metal lifting process as the longitudinal boundary (Figure 7-3).

　　(2) The meeting room, activity room, lounge, dressing room and shift room are set in the terrace area directly below the molten metal pouring span. (3) The meeting room, activity room, lounge, changing room and shift room, which are located below the platform of molten metal lifting overhead floor, within the boundary of columns on both sides of the lifting span or pouring span, face the lifting side of molten metal, and are not completely enclosed by solid walls. Note: "Solid wall" refers to brick wall, concrete wall or wall built with refractory materials.

　　(two) the smelting furnace, refining furnace and holding furnace for casting are not equipped with emergency discharge and emergency storage facilities.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The smelting furnace, refining furnace and holding furnace for casting are not equipped with emergency discharge and emergency storage facilities. (2) The capacity of emergency storage facilities of smelting furnace, refining furnace and holding furnace for casting is less than the maximum capacity of furnace body. (3) Two or more smelting furnaces, refining furnaces and holding furnaces share emergency storage facilities, and their capacity is less than the sum of the capacities of the furnaces, refining furnaces and holding furnaces.2. Exceptions:The side furnace for nonferrous alloy casting is not equipped with emergency discharge and emergency storage facilities.

　　(3) During the production period, there are accumulated water in the bottoms, pits and accident pits of smelting furnaces, refining furnaces and holding furnaces for casting, as well as the platform in front of the furnace, furnace base area, modeling pits, pouring pits and molten metal transfer channels within the influence range of molten metal leakage and splashing.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Judgment situation:

　　(1) During the production period, there is water in the bottom, pit and accident pit of smelting furnace, refining furnace and holding furnace for casting, as well as in the front platform and furnace base area affected by molten metal leakage and splashing. (2) During the production period, there is water accumulated in the modeling pit and pouring pit. (3) During the production, there is accumulated water in the plane directly below the molten metal transfer channel and in the area of 3 meters around it. (4) When molten metal is transported by the overhead layer through the fixed track, there is water on the surface of the overhead layer.2. Exceptions:(1) During production, the accident pit, the platform in front of the furnace, the modeling pit, the pouring pit and the molten metal transfer channel within the influence range of molten metal leakage and splashing are wet. (2) During the production period, it is set in the smelting, refining and casting production areas, and used for collection, external maintenance, equipment failure and water leakage, and the accumulated water in the drainage ditch (tank) of process cooling water keeps flowing.

　　(4) The cooling water systems of smelting furnaces, refining furnaces, die casting machines and oxygen lances for casting are not equipped with monitoring and alarm devices for outlet water temperature and inlet and outlet water flow difference, or the monitoring and alarm devices are not interlocked with the molten metal heating and conveying control system.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The cooling water systems of smelting furnaces and refining furnaces for casting are not equipped with water temperature monitoring and alarm devices, or the water temperature monitoring and alarm devices are not interlocked with the molten metal heating system. (2) The cooling water systems of the smelting furnace and refining furnace for casting are not equipped with the monitoring and alarm device for the flow difference between inlet and outlet water, or the monitoring and alarm device for the flow difference between inlet and outlet water is not interlocked with the molten metal heating system. (3) The cooling water system used for mold temperature control of the die casting machine is not provided with an outlet water temperature monitoring and alarm device, or the outlet water temperature monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the molten metal conveying control system. (4) The cooling water system used for mold temperature control of the die casting machine is not equipped with the monitoring and alarm device for water flow difference between inlet and outlet (or equivalent leak detection and alarm device, such as water pressure monitoring and alarm device), or the monitoring and alarm device for water flow difference between inlet and outlet (or equivalent leak detection and alarm device, such as water pressure monitoring and alarm device) is not interlocked with the molten metal conveying control system. (5) The cooling water system of oxygen lance is not equipped with water temperature monitoring and alarm device, or the water temperature monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the oxygen delivery control system. (6) The cooling water system of the oxygen lance is not equipped with the monitoring and alarm device for the flow difference between inlet and outlet water, or the monitoring and alarm device for the flow difference between inlet and outlet water is not interlocked with the oxygen delivery control system.2. Exceptions:(1) The machine-side melting and protecting integrated furnace for nonferrous alloy casting is not equipped with a monitoring and alarm device for outlet water temperature and inlet and outlet water flow difference, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the molten metal heating and conveying control system; (2) The die casting machine used for die casting of non-magnesium alloy with a clamping force of less than 2,000 tons (inclusive) and a safety door or safety baffle in the mold opening and closing area, and the cooling water system used for mold temperature control is not provided with a monitoring alarm device for outlet water temperature and inlet and outlet water flow difference, or the monitoring alarm device is not interlocked with the molten metal conveying control system.

　　(5) The gas main of a combustion device using gas (natural gas) is not provided with a pipeline pressure monitoring alarm device, or the monitoring alarm device is not interlocked with an emergency automatic cut-off device, or the combustion device is not provided with a flame monitoring and flameout protection system.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Gas main pipe of combustion device" refers to the gas (natural gas) inlet main pipe of single equipment such as roaster, smelting furnace, refining furnace, holding furnace, heating furnace, annealing furnace and heat treatment furnace with gas (natural gas) as fuel.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The gas main of the combustion device using gas (natural gas) is not provided with a pipeline pressure monitoring alarm device. (2) The pressure monitoring alarm device of the gas main of the combustion device using gas (natural gas) is not interlocked with the emergency automatic cut-off device. (3) The combustion device using gas (natural gas) is not equipped with flame monitoring and flameout protection system.

　　(6) Failing to take measures to prevent flammable gas from accumulating in the surrounding closed or semi-closed space when using flammable organic solvents to clean equipment, facilities, tools and appliances and the ground.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) When using flammable organic solvent to clean equipment, facilities, tools and appliances, and the ground, measures such as mechanical ventilation are not taken to prevent flammable gas from accumulating in the confined space or semi-enclosed space. (2) When using flammable organic solvent to clean equipment, facilities, tools and appliances, and the ground, measures such as isolation and plugging were not taken to prevent flammable gas from escaping into the surrounding closed or semi-closed space.

　　(seven) the paint mixing room and spray booth using non-aqueous paint are not equipped with fixed flammable gas concentration monitoring and alarm devices or ventilation facilities.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Waterborne paint" refers to a kind of paint whose main component is water.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The paint mixing room and spray booth using non-aqueous paint are not equipped with fixed combustible gas concentration monitoring alarm. (2) The paint mixing room and spray booth using non-aqueous paint are not equipped with ventilation facilities. (3) The ventilation times of paint mixing room and spray booth using non-aqueous paint are less than 15 times/hour. Note: "Air exchange times" refers to the number of indoor air changes per unit time, that is, the ratio of ventilation volume to room volume.

　　Eighth light industrial enterprises in any of the following circumstances, it should be judged as a major accident hazard:

　　(1) The baking and frying equipment of a food manufacturing enterprise is not equipped with an anti-overheating automatic cut-off device.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Anti-overheating automatic cut-off device" refers to a device that can automatically cut off the heating source such as power supply or gas when the heating temperature exceeds the requirements.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The baking equipment of food manufacturing enterprises is not equipped with an anti-overheating automatic cut-off device. (2) The frying equipment of the food manufacturing enterprise is not equipped with an anti-overheating automatic cut-off device.

　　(2) Stationary monitoring and alarm devices for alcohol vapor concentration are not installed in liquor blending and filling places and wine depots, or the monitoring and alarm devices are not interlocked with ventilation facilities.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Wine cellar" refers to an indoor place where containers such as pottery jars, oak barrels or metal storage tanks are used to store liquor, including artificial cave wine cellars.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) There is no fixed monitoring and alarm device for alcohol vapor concentration in liquor blending and filling places and wine depots of liquor production enterprises. (2) Liquor blending, filling places and wine depots of liquor production enterprises are not equipped with mechanical ventilation facilities. (3) Stationary ethanol vapor concentration monitoring and alarm devices in liquor blending and filling places and wine depots of liquor production enterprises are not interlocked with ventilation facilities.3. Exceptions:A wine warehouse used for temporary storage or transit in the wine making (brewing) workshop; Semi-open wine cellar.

　　(three) pulp manufacturing and paper making enterprises use steam and open flame to directly heat steel cylinders to vaporize liquid chlorine.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) Pulp manufacturing and papermaking enterprises use steam to directly heat steel cylinders to vaporize liquid chlorine. (2) Pulp manufacturing and paper making enterprises directly heat steel cylinders to vaporize liquid chlorine with open flame.

　　(4) The gas main pipe of the gas kiln (except the heat generator gas kiln) in which the daily-use glass and ceramic manufacturing enterprises adopt premixed combustion mode is not provided with a pipeline pressure monitoring and alarm device, or the monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the emergency automatic cut-off device.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Gas main" refers to the pipeline that supplies all the gas of the single gas furnace.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) There is no pipeline pressure monitoring and alarm device for the gas main pipe of the gas kiln with premixed and partially premixed combustion mode in daily-use glass and ceramic manufacturing enterprises. (2) The gas main pipe of the gas kiln is not equipped with an emergency automatic cut-off device. (3) The pipeline pressure monitoring and alarm device of the gas main pipe is not interlocked with the emergency automatic cut-off device.3. Exceptions:

　　Gas kiln with diffusion combustion mode; Heat generator gas kiln.

　　(five) the cooling protection system of the glass furnace of the daily-use glass manufacturing enterprise is not equipped with a monitoring alarm device.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) Glass kilns in daily-use glass manufacturing enterprises are not equipped with cooling protection system. (2) If the glass kiln of the daily-use glass manufacturing enterprise uses the water cooling protection system, neither the water flow monitoring alarm device nor the pressure monitoring alarm device is set in the water inlet main pipe. (3) If the glass kiln of the daily-use glass manufacturing enterprise uses the air-cooled protection system, the fan shutdown monitoring and alarm device is not set.

　　(six) the paint mixing room and spray booth using non-aqueous paint are not equipped with fixed flammable gas concentration monitoring and alarm devices or ventilation facilities.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Waterborne paint" refers to a kind of paint whose main component is water.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The paint mixing room and spray booth using non-aqueous paint are not equipped with fixed combustible gas concentration monitoring alarm. (2) The paint mixing room and spray booth using non-aqueous paint are not equipped with ventilation facilities. (3) The ventilation times of paint mixing room and spray booth using non-aqueous paint are less than 15 times/hour. Note: "Air exchange times" refers to the number of indoor air changes per unit time, that is, the ratio of ventilation volume to room volume.

　　(seven) the lithium ion battery storage warehouse did not take effective physical isolation measures for the faulty battery.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　(1) "Faulty battery" refers to a battery whose single battery voltage is greater than 3 volts and has safety defects such as flatulence, short circuit, breakage and overcharge, excluding batteries that are continuously immersed in water. (2) "Physical isolation measures" refer to measures to isolate the faulty battery from the non-faulty battery by means of solid walls, explosion-proof cabinets, iron cabinets, separate containers, fire shutters, etc.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　When the lithium-ion battery storage warehouse stores the faulty battery, no physical isolation measures are taken for the faulty battery.

　　Article 9 Textile enterprises in any of the following circumstances shall be judged as major accidents:

　　(1) The vaporization chamber, gas storage tank, oil storage tank and heat medium furnace of the heat setting process such as singeing, opening and drying for yarn, thread and fabric processing are not separated from the gathering places of production and processing personnel or set separately.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　(1) "Isolation" means that equipment and facilities with high safety risks, such as vaporization room, gas storage tank, oil storage tank and heat medium furnace, are set in independent rooms in the production plant, which are separated from the places where people gather. (2) "Independent installation" means that equipment and facilities with high safety risks such as vaporization chamber, gas storage tank, oil storage tank and heat medium furnace are located outside the production plant and separated from the gathering place of personnel in the production plant.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　The vaporization chamber, gas storage tank, oil storage tank and heat medium furnace for the heat setting process such as singeing, opening and drying of yarn, thread and fabric processing are not separated from the gathering places of production and processing personnel or set separately.

　　(2) The powder of insurance, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, carved white powder (white block) are mixed with taboo materials for storage, or the storage place of the powder of insurance has not taken waterproof and moisture-proof measures.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Taboo materials" refer to articles that are prone to chemical reactions or have different fire extinguishing methods. When sodium hydrosulfite (sodium hydrosulfite) and carved white powder (sodium formaldehyde bisulfate) come into contact with acids and oxidants, or when hydrogen peroxide (aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution), sodium hypochlorite and sodium chlorite come into contact with reducing agents, a strong redox reaction will easily occur, releasing heat and toxic substances.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) Sodium hydrosulfite, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, carved white powder (hanging white block) and taboo materials are mixed and stored. (2) Insurance powder is piled up in the open air. (3) No waterproof and moisture-proof measures have been taken in the indoor places where the insurance powder is stored.Tenth tobacco enterprises in any of the following circumstances, it should be judged as a major accident:(a) the fumigation workplace is not equipped with phosphine gas concentration monitoring and alarm instruments, or is not equipped with gas masks, or it is not confirmed that all irrelevant personnel have been evacuated from the fumigation workplace before fumigation and insecticidal operations.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Fumigation workplace" refers to the workplace where aluminum (magnesium) phosphide is used to control tobacco pests by fumigation.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) During fumigation, phosphine gas concentration monitoring and alarm instruments were not equipped and used.

　　(2) When fumigating, applying drugs, checking and diffusing gas, gas masks matching the properties of phosphine gas were not equipped and used.

　　(3) Before fumigation and pesticide application, it is not confirmed that all irrelevant personnel are evacuated from the fumigation workplace.

　　(two) the production lines and places that use liquid carbon dioxide to make expanded tobacco are not equipped with fixed monitoring and alarm devices for carbon dioxide concentration, or the monitoring and alarm devices are not interlocked with the facilities in emergency ventilation.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:

　　"Production line and place" refers to the areas where the impregnators and compressors that use liquid carbon dioxide to make expanded cut tobacco, and the storage tanks, process tanks and recovery tanks that store liquid carbon dioxide are located.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) Production lines and places that use liquid carbon dioxide to manufacture expanded cut tobacco are not equipped with fixed carbon dioxide concentration monitoring and alarm devices.

　　(2) The production lines and places that use liquid carbon dioxide to make expanded cut tobacco are not equipped with emergency ventilation facilities.

　　(3) The fixed CO2 concentration monitoring and alarm device is not interlocked with the facilities in emergency ventilation.

　　Eleventh industrial and trade enterprises with the risk of dust explosion in any of the following circumstances, it should be judged as a major accident hazard:

　　(1) The hazardous place for dust explosion is set in a multi-storey building (structure) with non-frame structure, or there are places for gathering staff such as dormitory, conference room, office and lounge in the hazardous place for dust explosion.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:"Dust explosion dangerous place" refers to the place where combustible dust and gaseous oxidant (mainly air) exist.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The dangerous places of dust explosion are set in multi-storey buildings (structures) with non-frame structure such as brick-concrete, brick-wood, brick arch, etc. (2) Staff dormitories, conference rooms, offices, lounges, etc. where people may gather are set up in the hazardous places of dust explosion.

　　(2) Different types of combustible dust, combustible dust, combustible gas and other media that are likely to aggravate the explosion risk share a dust removal system, or different buildings (structures) and different fire zones share a dust removal system and the dust removal systems are interconnected.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:"Fire zone" refers to a local space separated by firewalls, floors and other fire separation facilities in a building, which can prevent the fire from spreading to the rest of the same building within a certain period of time.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) Different types of dust that may aggravate the explosion hazard after mixing share a set of dust removal system. (2) Combustible dust and combustible gas (including steam) share a dust removal system. (3) The dust producing points in two or more independent buildings (structures) share a set of dust removal system. (4) The dust producing points in different fire zones of the same building (structure) share a set of dust removal system. (5) Dust removal systems of different buildings and structures and different fire zones are connected through dust removal pipes, air outlet pipes and fans. Note: Wood products processing enterprises are used for dust removal, and square pipes with scraper function are regarded as dust removal air ducts.3. Exceptions:(1) Due to the production process, combustible dust and combustible gas in the same position coexist and accompany each other. (2) In industrial and trade enterprises, due to the needs of production processes such as grain grinding, starch and feed processing, the dust removal system vertically spans different fire zones but is independently set according to the process flow. (3) The dust removal systems of two or more fire zones are equipped with air lock and ash unloading devices which are communicated with each other through ash conveying pipelines. (4) Two or more dust removal systems in fire protection zones share an exhaust chimney behind fans.

　　(three) the dry dust removal system did not take any explosion prevention and control measures such as explosion venting, inerting and explosion suppression.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:"Dry dust removal system" refers to the dry dust removal system using bag filter or cyclone filter.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) No explosion control measures such as explosion venting, inerting and explosion suppression have been taken in the dust collector box of dry dust removal system. (2) Dry dust removal system only uses observation window, cleaning hole and manhole as explosion relief measures. (3) When gas inerting measures are taken in dry dust removal system, oxygen content online monitoring and alarm measures are not taken. (4) When explosion suppression measures are taken in the dry dust removal system, the explosion suppressant used in the explosion suppression device is not applicable to the treated dust.3. Exceptions:(1) Dust removal device arranged on the main body of production equipment and facilities. (2) Sand blasting machine, shot blasting machine and electrostatic spraying process are cyclone dust collectors specially used for solid-gas separation and collecting sand blasting, steel shot blasting and electrostatic spraying powder. (3) Two-stage and above dry dust removal systems with explosion control measures are used as primary cyclone dust collectors for collecting larger particle dust.

　　(4) When the dust removal system of metal dust such as aluminum and magnesium adopts positive pressure dust removal, or other combustible dust removal systems adopt positive pressure dust blowing, measures such as spark detection and elimination are not taken to prevent ignition sources.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) The dust removal system for combustible dust generated by metals such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc and titanium or metal alloys adopts positive pressure dust removal. (2) When other combustible dust removal systems use positive pressure to blow dust, measures to prevent ignition sources such as spark detection and elimination are not taken between the fan and the dust collector box.

　　(five) the dust removal system adopts gravity settling chamber for dust removal, or adopts dry roadway structure as dust removal air duct.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:"Gravity settling chamber" refers to an inertial dust collector in which dust is settled and separated under the action of gravity.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The dust removal system adopts gravity settling chamber for dust removal. (2) The dry roadway built by brick or concrete is used as the dust removal air duct in the dust removal system.3. Exceptions:

　　Dust removal trench adopted by textile enterprises.

　　(six) the dry dust removal system of aluminum, magnesium and other metal dust and wood dust is not equipped with a gas lock and ash discharge device.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:"Air lock ash unloading device" refers to the equipment installed at the bottom of the ash bin of the dust collector to discharge ash for the dust collector. The widely used air lock ash unloading devices include star ash unloading valve and double-layer gate valve.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The dry dust removal system for combustible dust generated by metals such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc, titanium or metal alloys is not provided with an air lock and ash discharge device. (2) The wood dust dry dust removal system is not equipped with an air lock and ash unloading device.

　　(seven) the electrical equipment in the dust explosion dangerous places divided into 20 zones, such as dust collectors and dust collection bins, does not meet the explosion-proof requirements.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:"Zone 20" refers to the area where explosive dust environment appears continuously, for a long time or frequently.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) No suitable dust explosion-proof electrical equipment is used in the dust explosion dangerous places such as dust collectors and dust collection bins which are divided into 20 zones. (2) The installation of explosion-proof electrical circuit in Area 20 does not meet the explosion-proof requirements.

　　(eight) before the crushing, grinding, granulating and other process equipment that is easy to produce mechanical ignition sources, there is no iron, stone and other sundries removal device, orThere is no spark detection and elimination device in the air duct connected with the sander in the wood processing enterprise.Yes.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:Debris removal devices mainly include permanent magnets, permanent magnet cylinders, electromagnets, screens, pneumatic separators, stone removal machines, stone removal screens, air separators, etc.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) Before the process equipment such as crushing, grinding, granulating, etc., which are easy to generate mechanical ignition sources, there is no impurity removal device such as iron and stone. (2) There is no spark detection and elimination device in the air duct connected with the sander in the wood processing enterprise. Note: the spark detection and elimination device should be installed in the main air inlet pipe of the dust collector connected with the sander, or in the branch air pipe connected with each sander.

　　(9) Failing to take ventilation and other measures to prevent hydrogen accumulation in the collection, stacking and storage places of spontaneous combustion metal dust when wet, or failing to take waterproof and moisture-proof measures in the dry collection, stacking and storage places.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) The collection, stacking and storage places of aluminum powder, magnesium powder, aluminum-magnesium alloy powder and other metal dust that spontaneously ignite when wet have not taken ventilation and other measures to prevent hydrogen accumulation. (2) Aluminum powder, magnesium powder, aluminum-magnesium alloy powder and other metal dust that spontaneously ignites when wet are not collected, stacked and stored in waterproof and moisture-proof measures.

　　(ten) did not implement the dust cleaning system, resulting in serious dust on the job site.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　The dust cleaning system is not formulated, or the dust is not cleaned in time according to the requirements of the cleaning system, resulting in serious dust accumulation on the job site.

　　Twelfth industrial and commercial enterprises using liquid ammonia refrigeration in any of the following circumstances, it should be judged as a major accident:(a) the air conditioning system of the packaging, dividing and product sorting places adopts ammonia direct evaporation refrigeration.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) The air conditioning system of the packaging room, the dividing room and the product finishing room adopts ammonia direct evaporation refrigeration.

　　(2) Refrigerator, hall and closed platform for ammonia direct evaporation refrigeration are used as working places for processing, sorting and packaging.

　　(two) the rapid freezing device is not set in a separate workshop, or the number of workers in the workshop of the rapid freezing device exceeds 9.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:"Independent operation room" refers to an independent operation area with only a quick freezing device and a material conveying device, and effective isolation measures are adopted to prevent ammonia diffusion.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　(1) The quick freezing device is not set in a separate workshop.

　　(2) The quick freezing device is set in a separate workshop, but the number of workers in the separate workshop exceeds 9.

　　Thirteenth industrial and trade enterprises operating in limited space with the risk of hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and other poisoning shall be judged as major accidents in any of the following circumstances:

　　(a) the limited space is not identified, the safety management ledger is not established, and no obvious safety warning signs are set.

　　[Interpretation]

　　1. Description:"Limited space with poisoning risks such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide" refers to the limited space such as sewage treatment facilities, pulp ponds, pickling ponds and fermentation ponds where toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, phosphine and hydrogen cyanide may exist and poisoning accidents may easily occur.

　　2. Judgment situation:

　　The limited space with poisoning risks such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide was not identified, a safety management account was not established, and obvious safety warning signs were not set in the limited space.

　　(2) Failing to implement the examination and approval of confined space operation, or failing to implement the requirements of "ventilation first, inspection second, operation second", or failing to set up a supervisor at the operation site.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Judgment situation:

　　(1) Before the confined space operation, the confined space operation was not approved.

　　(2) Before confined space operation, ventilation and gas concentration detection were not carried out, or confined space operation was carried out under the condition that toxic gas concentration detection was unqualified.

　　(3) There is no special supervisor at the confined space operation site, or the supervisor enters the confined space to participate in the confined space operation, or the supervisor does not supervise the whole process.

　　Article 14 The facilities, equipment and devices such as monitoring, alarm and protection directly related to production safety listed in this standard shall ensure normal operation and use, and failure or ineffectiveness shall be judged as major accident hazards.

　　[Interpretation]

　　Due to inadequate detection, maintenance and repair, or through shutdown, destruction or tampering, the facilities, equipment and devices directly related to production safety listed in this standard are in a state of non-power-on, non-activation, non-interlocking, data distortion and other abnormal operation and use, which are judged as major accident hazards.

　　Fifteenth this standard shall come into force as of May 15th, 2023. The Criteria for Judging the Hidden Dangers of Major Production Safety Accidents in Industry and Trade Industry (2017 Edition) (No.129 [2017] of the General Manager of Work Safety) shall be abolished at the same time.

　　A few days ago, we learned from the official that the Z9GT, the new flagship model of Tengshi, has made its debut. The new car is positioned as the pure electric flagship hunting model under Tengshi. The Z series is the sedan series of the Tengshi family, the 9 represents the flagship model, and the GT suffix is Grand.
Tourer English abbreviation. In addition, the car features the latest Elegance in TENSE
Motion, the elegant family design concept, will also be equipped with front and rear three motor drives, with a combined maximum power of 710kW. In the future, the Z9GT will not only be sold in the Chinese market, but also enter the international market.

　　In terms of appearance, the Z9GT is the first model in which the design of the Z9GT has evolved from the design language of π-Motion to the design concept of Elegance in motion. The front face of the new car adopts Solar Corona.
Diadem) design language, the overall shape is simple and dynamic. In terms of details, the new car integrates smart devices such as lidar, AGS active air intake grille, millimeter wave radar, and ACC assisted driving radar into the grille area of the front face, achieving the design philosophy of "form follows function". In addition, the car also adopts the design of double star crown headlights, which include far and near headlights, as well as the intelligent driving function of DLP pixel headlights.

　　On the side of the body, the new car takes elegance as the design principle, and adopts the design of the center of gravity rearward to create a stretched and rearward body posture. The body ratio is more than 3 times the wheel axle ratio and nearly 2 times the wheel height ratio, which shapes the body stretch ratio while emphasizing the dynamic and sporty performance of the vehicle. The lateral center of gravity of the car is lower, and the driving center of gravity is moved backward, creating a rearward tilt posture. The "Z" shaped decorative line under the body sets off the overall flowing lines, making the side body design more harmonious and highly recognizable.

　　In addition, the new car also uses borderless doors, electric suction doors, hidden door handles, charging port logo lights and other configurations, and can also be equipped with compact streaming rearview mirrors. The car is also equipped with 20/21-inch wheels and is equipped with metallic copper brake calipers. In terms of tires, the new car adopts tire sizes of 255/40 in the front and 275/40 in the back.

　　At the rear of the car, the Tengshi Z9GT presents the tail posture of the overall back slip (FASTBACK). It is equipped with an aircraft-type roof hollow spoiler and an active rear spoiler, and is equipped with high brake lights and low pilot lights, showing good sports attributes. The lateral line design of the rear of the vehicle makes it visually lower and wider, and echoes the front face with a symmetrical sense of order. In addition, the new car adopts a taillight design named "Time Hourglass", which extends from the middle to the sides, and the profile is combined with the surface. The taillight design is inspired by the quicksand hourglass, which is based on the shape of the hourglass, emphasizing flow and visual balance, but also paying more attention to symmetry, showing a balance between the upper and lower parts. In terms of body size, the length, width and height of the new car are 5180/1990/1500 (1480) mm, and the wheelbase is 3125mm.

　　In terms of power, the Z9GT will be equipped with three front and rear motor drives, the maximum power of the front motor is 230kW, the maximum power of the rear dual motor is 240kW and 240kW, the comprehensive maximum power is 710kW, and the maximum speed is 240km/h. In addition, the car will use lithium iron phosphate batteries from Jinan Freddy, but the official mileage data of the car has not been released.

I. Preface: The i3-9350K with super single-core performance is coming.

Many students have asked this question before: "Why does my GTX 1080 only have more than 100 frames in LOL, while others’ GTX 1060 has more than 300 frames?"

The reason for this problem is that some players pursue graphics cards too much and ignore the influence of CPU on the game frame rate.

Games such as League of Legends, DOTA 2, world of tanks and Crossing the Line of Fire are different from large-scale 3A games. They don’t need very powerful graphics cards, but desperately need the powerful single-core performance of CPU.In a simple sentence: how strong your CPU single-core performance is, how high the frame rate of these games can run!

Ok, back to our test protagonist Core i3-9350K today! The default acceleration frequency of this cost-effective God U can reach 4.6GHz, and it can be easily overclocked to 5.3GHz with a little hands-on ability, which means it can have the strongest single-core performance of mainstream processors at present!

This is the i3-9350K processor we received. Because we received the QS engineering sample version, it is slightly different in appearance from the retail version, and the specific model is not marked.

In terms of parameter specifications, i3-9350K adopts quad-core and four-thread design, with 14nm process technology, basic frequency of 4.0GHz, maximum acceleration frequency of 4.6GHz, full-core frequency of 4.4GHz, and 8MB three-level cache.

Of course, for DIY players, the biggest attraction of i3-9350K lies in its overclocking ability. We will do a detailed overclocking test later.This processor will have great surprises in overclocking potential, temperature and power consumption!

PS: Spoiler here in advance: 9350K overclocked to 5.3GHz can be easily suppressed with only one hundred yuan air-cooled radiator.

Second, overclocking and temperature test: 1.36V can be easily suppressed on a 5.3GHz hundred yuan radiator.

The test platform is as follows:

1. Temperature test

Use AIDA64 FPU program to test the baking machine, and match with player’s cool extreme MaterLiquid 240 water-cooled radiator. The silicone grease is Arctic MX-4, and the room temperature is 28 degrees.

After running in silent frequency for 5 minutes, the core power consumption of AIDA64 FPU, i3-9350K is stable at 58W, the baking machine frequency is stable at 4.4GHz, and the baking machine temperature is only 64 degrees.

2, overclocking test

The overclocking ability of a processor depends on many factors, such as architecture, specifications, physique and so on. For the 9th generation Core, temperature is also an important factor that affects overclocking. i9-9900K can overclock to 5GHz, and i7-9700K without hyperthreading can overclock to 5.1GHz easily. What about the overclocking ability of i3-9350K with only half the core number of i7-9700K?

After debugging, the i3-9350K in our hand can stably reach the frequency of 5.3GHz at a voltage of 1.36V, and it has passed the test of AIDA64 FPU baking machine for 7 minutes.

At the frequency of 5.3GHz, the core power consumption of i3-9350K is only 79 watts, and the temperature is 86 degrees.

According to the power consumption of 79W baking machine, a hundred yuan radiator can be easily suppressed.The reason why the temperature can’t be lowered with 240 water cooling is that the silicone grease used in i3-9350K conducts heat, and the heat can’t be quickly discharged from the interior. At this time, changing the radiator will not have a good effect.

The Ruilong 7 3800X/3700X processor is also in a similar situation. The Die area is too small to export heat quickly, and any radiator has no obvious cooling effect.

3. Power consumption test

The power consumption of standby and baking machine in silent frequency and overclocking environment was tested respectively. The power supply used is extremely cool V850 platinum brand power supply.

The following data is the overall power consumption of the platform.

The power consumption test is carried out in the nuclear display state.

In the silent frequency state, the standby power consumption of the whole machine on the i3-9350K+MXH platform is only 27W, and the power consumption of the whole machine is only 98W when the baking machine is tested with AIDA64 FPU.

Overclocking to 5.3GHz, standby power consumption reached 45W, which was 18 W higher than that of silent frequency. The power consumption of the whole roaster is 132W W.

Third, the theoretical performance test: the strongest single-core performance

1、CPU-Z v1.90

The score of i3-9350K overclocked to 5.3GHz in CPU-Z is 631, which is the highest single-core score we have ever seen in the test.

The multithreading score is 2382.

Compared with the silent frequency, the single-thread score of 5.3GHz increased by 86 points, with an increase of 16%; The multi-thread score increased by 362 points, with an increase of 18%.

2、wPrime v2.10

In the performance test of wPrime 32M single thread, it takes 25.4 seconds for 5.3GHz i3-9350K (about 28 seconds for 5GHz 9900K).

In the performance test of wPrime 1024M multithreading, the 5.3GHz i3-9350K took 205 seconds.

After overclocking, the time consumed by the i3-9350K single thread is reduced by 4.1 seconds, which is 16% faster.

Multithreading takes 41.7 seconds less and is nearly 20% faster.

3、FritzChess Benchmark　

The score of 5.3GHz i3-9350K chess is 16254.

After overclocking, the i3-9350K is 2400 points more than the silent frequency, with an increase of 17%.

4、CineBench R15

The single thread score of i3-9350K at 5.3GHz is 230cb, which is much higher than that of i9-9900K at 5GHz, and the score of the latter is 215cb.

The score of multithreading is 875cb, which is already stronger than the flagship i7-7700K of silent seven-generation Core.

In terms of single thread, the overclocked i3-9350K increased by 29 points, with an increase of 14.5%;

Multithreading increased by 140 points, and the improvement rate exceeded 18%.

5、CineBench R20

The score of i3-9350K single thread at 5.3GHz is 553cb；;

The score of multithreading is 2101cb.

Compared with silent frequency, the single-thread score of i3-9350K overclocked to 5.3GHz increased by 72 points, with an increase of 15%.

Multithreading increased by 375 points, with an increase of more than 20%.

6、3DMark

Overclocking to 5.3GHz.

After overclocking, the score of i3-9350K is 1927 points higher than that of silent frequency, and the improvement range is close to 20%.

Generally speaking, the single-thread performance of i3-9350K after overclocking to 5.3GHz has reached the highest level at present, which is about 15% higher than that of silent frequency. The performance of multithreading is improved by nearly 20% after overclocking.

Fourth, the game performance test: achieve the highest frame rate of mainstream e-sports games.

Our test platform uses the colorful Igame GeForce GTX 1660 Advanced OC6G graphics card. In order to minimize the impact of the graphics card on the test, we choose 1920*1080 resolution during the test, and choose "medium" image quality in mainstream single-machine masterpieces.

1. Knife Tower moves itself.

There is no test program for "Knife Tower Walking Chess", and the situation of each game is different, so it is impossible to accurately compare the performance of hardware with its frame rate. Here we just show you the performance of i3-9350K in this game.

Different from Dota 2, Knife Tower Self-moving Chess is a game that consumes a lot of CPU. As can be seen from the above figure, the i3-9350K quad-core overclocked to 5.3GHz is fully occupied, and the CPU utilization rate is 100%, while the GPU utilization rate is only 42%.

During the test, we tried all the image quality options from the lowest to the highest, and different image quality has little effect on the frame rate. This is a game that consumes a lot of CPU and not much GPU.

Many students should have had such an experience. At the beginning of the game, the frame rate can reach 5,60FPS, but when it develops to 8 population wars, the frame rate will plummet to 10FPS. This is because the performance of CPU is too weak, and upgrading CPU is the simplest and most direct way to improve the frame rate of "Knife Tower Walking Chess".

Here, the 5.3GHz i3-9350K can still show nearly 100 frames during the 8 population wars.

2. League of Legends

League of Legends also has no testing program, and a fair testing method is to compare the frame rate in the birthplace after the opening.

The frame rate of i3-9350K at the time of silent frequency was 284FPS at the place of birth, and after overclocking to 5.3GHz, the frame rate increased to 334FPS.

League of Legends is a typical game that eats CPU instead of graphics card. As can be seen from the above picture, even if the frame rate of the game reaches 282FPS at the highest quality, the utilization rate of GPU is only about 20%. Moreover, this game is not sensitive to multiple cores, and it can probably use 2~3 cores.

If the frame rate of League of Legends exceeds 300FPS, you need to buy a high-frequency 4-core processor.

3. world of tanks

World of tanks is a classic war online game, and it can use up to four CPU cores.

The score of i3-9350K processor overclocked to 5.3GHz is 49498, which translates to a frame rate of 298FPS.

World of tanks also depends on the performance of GPU. When the frequency is muted, the frame rate of i3-9350K is 284FPS, and after overclocking to 5.3GHz, the frame rate reaches 298FPS, with an increase of only about 5%.

Even with ordinary image quality, the GPU utilization rate of GTX 1660 is over 97%, while the CPU utilization rate is less than 80%. This is why the frame rate of the game has not changed much after overclocking (GPU has become the bottleneck of the system). This game wants high frame rate, which requires both high-performance CPU and high-performance graphics card.

4. APEX hero

"Apex Hero" does not provide a test program. In order to reduce the interference of variables during the test, we choose to test the frame number in the training ground and manually adjust it to medium quality during the test. We recorded the frame rate in the training ground and actual combat, so it has certain reference value.

When the frequency is muted, the frame rate of i3-9350K is 138FPS. After overclocking to 5.3GHz, the frame rate is only increased by 3FPS. Even with medium image quality, GTX 1660 still achieves 100% GPU utilization.

5, Jedi survival

"Survival of the Jedi" is an online competitive game, which can rarely support 6 cores.

In Survival of the Jedi, the frame rate of the silent i3-9350K is 130FPS, and the frame rate is only increased by 2FPS after overclocking to 5.3GHz.

As a game that needs CPU very much, the main reason why the frame rate of the game hardly improves after overclocking to 5.3GHz is that the GPU is too weak.

6. Assassin’s Creed: Origin

As can be seen from the above figure, the CPU score is 10ms, while the GTX 1660 score is 12ms, which means that even with "medium" image quality, the GPU still has a certain bottleneck, but this bottleneck is not very big.

In Assassin’s Creed: Origin, the frame rate of silent frequency i3-9350K is 75FPS. After overclocking to 5.3GHz, the frame rate reaches 83FPS, which is 8 frames higher, and it still has certain effect.

7. Tomb Raider: Shadow

As can be seen from the above figure, in Tomb Raider: Shadow, there is a huge bottleneck in GPU. The average rendering time of CPU is 7ms, but it is as high as 11.8ms for GPU. During the whole test, the frame rate generated by GPU per second is much lower than that rendered by CPU per second.

Of course, when the test is about 80%, the rendering time of CPU exceeds that of GPU, that is to say, overclocking CPU can still bring a little bit of frame rate improvement.

In Tomb Raider: Shadow, the frame rate of silent frequency i3-9350K is 81FPS. After overclocking to 5.3GHz, the frame rate reaches 83FPS, which is 2 frames higher.

V. Summary: E-sports God U of civilians

The overclocking ability of Core i3-9350K really brought us a lot of surprises. This i3-9350K in our hand can easily overclock to 5.3GHz and pass the AIDA64 FPU baking machine test!

As far as single-core performance is concerned, the i3-9350K at 5.3GHz is the strongest among all the processors we have tested at present. The CPU-Z single thread score of 631, the CineBench R15 single thread of 230cb, and the wPrime 32M single thread only took 25 seconds to run, etc. all prove the power of 5.3GHz.

The lack of hyper-threading function has some influence on the performance of multi-threading, but the ultra-high frequency can also make up for the lack of multi-core performance.I3-9350K overclocked to 5.3GHz is not inferior to i7-7700K with silent frequency in multithreading performance, and it is not inferior to the higher-order i5-9400.

Of course, overclocking ability is not the only surprise, and its performance in temperature and power consumption is also quite bright.

The voltage of 1.36V may be unbearable for an 8-core processor, but it’s not a problem at all in a quad-core i3-9350K!

When the 5.3GHz i3-9350K roasters, the power consumption of the processor core is less than 80W.This is much lower than the default TDP of many processors today, so it becomes relatively easy to control the temperature. Using a 100-yuan air-cooled radiator, the temperature of the baking machine can be suppressed to 86 degrees. In daily use,In most cases, the temperature can be controlled within 60 degrees.

At present, Core i3-9350K has not been officially quoted in China, but his brother i3-9350KF has been put up for 979 yuan on the platform of JD.COM, which is a Ferrari for civilians! For e-sports players who pursue the ultimate cost performance, i3-9350K is a tempting choice.

If you have certain hands-on overclocking ability, the i3-9350K overclocked to 5.3GHz has the frame rate performance of the top processor in competitive games such as Knife Tower, world of tanks and League of Legends. The same is true for similar games such as CS:GO and Crossing the Line of Fire.

If you want to have a frame rate of 300FPS in League of Legends, and want to enjoy the fluency of nearly 100 frames in the fiercest battle of Knife Tower, and you don’t have enough budget, this i3-9350K is your dish!

Comprehensive reader’s comments, and then make some supplements:

1. The requirements of the 5.3GHz 9350K radiator are very low, and a hundred yuan radiator is enough;

2, 5.3GHz 9350K can provide the highest frame rate in mainstream e-sports games, but it doesn’t mean that it can’t play large stand-alone games. Its multi-core performance is equivalent to that of i5-9400F/i7-7700K, and when it is matched with RTX 2080Ti, the frame rate is not as good as 9900K in games like Tomb Raider: Shadow. But if you use a graphics card below RTX 2070, there won’t be much difference between the two;

3. Demand for the motherboard: We have not measured this in detail, but the 9350K roaster only has 80W at 5.3GHz, which proves that it does not have too high demand for the motherboard, and the 9900K 5GHz roaster 260W needs to supply the top motherboard;

4, 5.3GHz 9350K features overclocking and cost performance, suitable for e-sports players with insufficient budget.

It’s bad luck to "bump into the topic", let alone bump into a famous mouth in the industry. Before the "Eleventh" holiday, because of a video of 1 hour and 20 minutes or a 16,000-word evaluation, the understanding of Weilai ES8 by countless melon-eating people changed from the original simple query to the so-called "semi-finished product". Li Bin, CEO of Weilai, responded, "(These criticisms)Besides, in some places, what he said is right, although in most places, views and arguments are untenable. "

Is it a "semi-finished product"? Or "most" criticism is "untenable"? Fortunately, I have driven this car after all.

Save the old jokes for later,If you just want to see the criticism, please skip here and drop down the page to about 2/3..

90% probability of falling down? Am I one in ten?

First of all, I don’t agree with Li Bin’s statement that "most arguments are untenable"most",but in that long video/article, there are really 30%, which is obviously inconsistent with my actual feelings.

For the mechanical performance of Weilai ES8, I will give 70 points at most according to the standard of BBA luxury car. If the standard is lowered as an independent brand, then I am willing to give 90 points. The official performance data of 650 HP, 4.4s breaking 100 and 33.8m braking have been basically restored and confirmed in both positive and negative reports, so there is nothing to say.

As for what was mentioned in Test No.38,Performance shrinkage at low power.I think it is necessary to give "friends on the other side of the fuel car" a general knowledge of new energy vehicles:Electric cars, all this bird..

In fact, as early as 2016, Tesla officially confirmed: Model S.(That’s horrible)0-100km/h acceleration will slow down with the decrease of power. The Model S P100D can run an amazing 2.3s when it is fully charged, but it will drop to 3.9s when it is almost exhausted. Therefore, this is neither a unique defect of Weilai ES8 nor a common defect of Weilai and Tesla, but is determined by the innate characteristics of electric vehicles, and it is also necessary for consumers of traditional fuel vehicles to know clearly in advance when choosing electric vehicles.But electric vehicle manufacturers should really "tell the whole story" when introducing performance parameters.

In the No.38 evaluation, Weilai ES8 ran for 4.2s at 70% power and about 5s at 30% power. In comparison, in the foreign media test, Tesla Model S P100D recorded 2.3s at 100% power, about 2.9s at 50% power, and the ejection start was directly disabled at 10% power, which took 3.9s to break. Both are reasonable and normal phenomena.

As for the braking performance, the No.38 evaluation specifically mentioned that Weilai ES8 recorded a good score of 35.3 meters, but "it should be considered as normal performance because the tires are Ma brand MC6." But in fact, the positioning of MC6, that is, MaxContact 6, in the horse brand product line is not "extremely inclined to dry and grab the ground"(Evaluate the original text, the same below)",but dry land gives consideration to wetlands, high performance and comfort. Ma brand MC6 targets Michelin PS4 series high-performance tires, which emphasize performance, but all the characteristics are relatively balanced, so it tends to be dry.(Like accusing Ma Pai MC6 of being partial and Wei Lai of failing in grades? )Is not accurate.

Let’s get down to business. All of the above are just the foreshadowing. Among the mechanical performance of Weilai ES8, the most shocking thing is "great dizziness", "having a double-digit friend … great physical discomfort, dizziness, nausea and vomiting on the spot", and "the rate of being laid down is 90%, which is no exaggeration"(all are evaluation original texts).

To tell you the truth, I looked silly on the spot-maybe I drove a fake Wei? I’m the one in ten who doesn’t faint?

I know that Weilai’s mechanical calibration is not good, but I don’t know that I have entered the "No.38 Roller Coaster Evaluation Center".

First of all, it is necessary to popularize the common sense of electric vehicles in the world. Most electric vehicles, especially newer and higher-end electric vehicles, will be equipped with a kinetic energy recovery system with considerable strength. In my relatively limited electric vehicle driving experience, Tesla Model S/X is stronger than ES8, and BMW i3 is also stronger than ES8. The recovery of kinetic energy is less than that of ES8, and almost only Beiqi New Energy, which is low-end and cheap and commonly used in shared car platforms, is available.(For example, the "very cheap Beiqi New Energy EX200" mentioned in the evaluation), Jianghuai, Chery and so on.(Do not rule out the special case of missing the net, welcome to add and correct me).

This is not nonsense. When Nissan launched the second generation Leaf electric vehicle last year, it introduced its e-Pedal electronic pedal in a large space, that is, based on a powerful kinetic energy recovery system, single fuel.(electricity)The door pedal can control the vehicle. When Audi launched the e-Tron electric car last month, it proudly told everyone that 30% of the cruising range of the e-Tron depends on recycling kinetic energy, and the braking force can reach 0.3g, and 90% of the braking operation can be undertaken by recycling kinetic energy.

Everyone knows that at present, the battery life of electric vehicles is one meter more, and the stronger the kinetic energy recovery, the better.

What about the dizzy problem? First of all, in the process of driving Tesla and BMW i3, I have mastered the driving skills of this kind of electric vehicle with strong power and strong kinetic energy recovery: lifting oil at night.(electricity)Door, less brake. In the past, when driving a fuel car, you can let go of the throttle to slide, but driving an electric car requires a small step on the throttle to keep it longer.(so I will be tired). In order to ensure the safety of emergency braking, once the situation requires emergency braking, the right foot needs to move faster and more resolutely.

As a result, in the daily road driving process, after the previous "education" on other brands of electric vehicles, I can drive the ES8 so that passengers can basically not feel dizzy.

In fact, it was quietly stated in the evaluation No.38 that "great discomfort" and "90% being laid down" all refer to the specific condition of "after experiencing the sudden acceleration in the exercise mode of ES8". In the later Weibo, it was also specifically stated that 90% of the dizziness rate was "according to the working conditions I mentioned", that is, "the movement mode accelerated sharply in the middle".

I’m not dizzy, but I’m excited for nothing. I’m not one in a million. As for the routine daily commuting conditions, are passengers dizzy? No mention.

Well, ok, I have personally confirmed that if you don’t take passengers seriously, ES8 can really throw up the passengers who love to take the express train. At the beginning, I turned on the Model S P100D to start the rage mode, and it was easy to achieve 100% indifference to the stun rate. When the electric vehicle with strong power(such as Tesla, Weilai)Coupled with strong kinetic energy recovery, when driving fiercely, strong forward and backward acceleration is frequently switched, which will easily lead to dizziness. You have to put a car like you’re risking your life(high performance)When the car drives to the limit, it really makes every car dizzy. As for the so-called "(Causes of dizziness)It is not fast, but slow ",that is, the accusation that the vehicle is slow first and then fast when accelerating. Forgive me for being stupid, but compared with most similar products on the market, there is no significant difference that ordinary people can perceive.

According to the daily commuting conditions, if you have driven Tesla before, then the ES8 can basically switch seamlessly; If you have never driven a car with strong kinetic energy recovery, it will take some time to get used to it.(It’s not that I can’t drive before I get used to it, but I’m really more dizzy.). In the end, it is not difficult to achieve the "vertigo index" as low as the level of fuel vehicles, and it is not difficult to have some practical driving experience. Is this adaptation tiring? No.38 evaluation is true, as mentioned earlier, it is really a little tired. Consumers need to be clear, not limited to Weilai and even Tesla and even Audi e-Tron, all electric vehicles with strong kinetic energy recovery are like this, and there will be more and more such vehicles in the future, and they will be used to driving fuel vehicles and then turning to electric vehicles.Either adapt early or adapt late, there is no need to be nervous.

To sum up the key points:

The topic of "dizzy or not" is over.

"kinetic energy recovery priority"? Autohold is "hard to use"?

I don’t quite understand these two slots. The former, that is, when the driver releases the accelerator and steps on the brake, Weilai ES8 will directly invoke the mechanical brake system, instead of increasing the kinetic energy recovery until the kinetic energy recovery system is not enough to slow down before starting the mechanical brake. In my opinion, this is the standard mechanical priority to ensure safety first, and there is no problem.(Of course, it is far from an advantage. It is nothing more than someone spitting to attract attention.).

On the premise of having a strong kinetic energy recovery system, there will be a lot of negative acceleration when the driver completely releases the throttle. At this time, if the driver has to step on the brake pedal again, it means that the situation needs to slow down or even stop the car as soon as possible, then immediately call the mechanical brake to maximize and stabilize the braking force. I don’t think there is anything wrong with it in theory, but I don’t feel it in practice.(Compared with other brands of electric vehicles)What’s different.

Again, in terms of kinetic energy recovery, the ES8 is not much different from electric vehicles such as Tesla and BMW i3.Everyone is about the same.. Of course, it’s not that "what Tesla does is right", but that this feature may not be to everyone’s taste, but it’s exaggerated and unfair to describe the common features of this electric car as the shortcomings or even defects of a certain car.

As for "there is no N gear, and the Autohold function is difficult to use", Wei Lai told us during the test drive that the use method is: short-term parking and deep braking to turn on the Autohold, and long-term parking and engaging in the P gear.(with hand brake). Autohold is turned on and off by stepping on the brakes deeply, that is, just stepping on the brakes directly, which is different from many other brands.(including some fuel trucks)Autohold is used in the same way. The so-called "Autohold intervenes differently every time according to the brake pedal pedaling intensity" and "it’s difficult to use", I failed to understand: just pedal to the end, do you have to test the small "pedal critical interval" where Autohold intervenes or not?

Control and chassis, rare recognized advantages.

In the full text of the 16,000-word evaluation, there are very few points that praise ES8, among which use"Give praise"(original)Three words, is the suspension system of ES8. If the car is judged by the strictest standards, there is only one advantage left in the end, and that must be the chassis and suspension-not the power, not the NOMI.(Of course not, spit later), not the queen’s copilot …

Our test drive includes a section of mountain road around the lake. I basically go at a speed of 60-90km/h when cornering. If it’s not a blind corner, I will have full oil and full braking: this should be properly regarded as a category of "intense driving". Of course, the premise is that the road conditions are simple and familiar, which can ensure safety.(BTW, practice shows that passengers will be 100% dizzy when driving this way. )

The so-called "the dynamic characteristics of vehicles are strange when approaching the limit" may be that I am stupid, but I didn’t feel "strange". The roll control of the vehicle is quite good, and the support given by the front suspension in the corner is also sufficient. The natural low center of gravity of the electric vehicle may also contribute. It gives me a feeling a bit like opening a new A8L on the roundabout road in Sanya in March, not boasting that the ES8 is comparable to Audi, but that the character of this kind of vehicle to take care of the road for you is somewhat similar. The steering feel, road feedback and righting strength of the ES8 are not as good as those of BMW, but if you have low expectations for electric vehicles before, such as Beiqi Jianghuai Chery, which is common in sharing cars, it should be able to give you a little surprise.

The same is true for vibration reduction, but it is slightly different from the "good handling of large vibration" in the above evaluation. ES8 is more comfortable to handle small road undulations, such as the slightly sunken manhole cover that is common on the road, which can basically pass quietly under the condition of "painless" passengers. For big obstacles such as speed bumps, ES8 is more conventional. On the whole, this performance is not comparable to BBA, at least in domestic independent brand cars. If combined with the support performance during intense driving, the suspension system may be the most likely place to leave a good impression on the ES8.

What about the shortage? When driving on the highway, the small steering of the ES8 has a negative effect. In the high speed of about 200-300 kilometers, there are indeed cases where the direction needs to be slightly revised frequently. At first I thought it was following the car for a long time.(Driving in formation)As a result, I failed to look far myself. However, on reflection, there are indeed some problems with ES8. Under the three driving modes, the steering wheel strength of the ES8 is not obvious, and they are all sensitive, which will make your fatigue increase faster when driving at high speed for a long time.(However, the power of the ES8 … it seems that there is no "long-term high-speed driving").

Product defects? Not really, the adjustment of the direction feel is not perfect, which is a small but reasonable demand for a new brand. However, the so-called "three modes can be defined as difficult, extremely difficult and super-fucking difficult". I must say that I have never felt "difficult to use" under such a description scale, and I don’t know how I got such a degree of emotion and disdain. If the steering feel of this car can be defined as "super * * difficult to use", then the double-digit models in China auto market can only be described as unspeakable foul language.

The more urgent need for improvement is noise control, especially at high speed.ES8 will not give you the feeling of "the electric car is silent" at all.. Low-frequency mechanical noise and subtle vibration always exist, but it seems that the performance of wind noise seems quite good. If a passer-by who eats melons is asked to do a double-blind test, there is at least a 70% probability that he can’t guess that this is a pure electric car.

Passengers will feel more comfortable at low speeds. Weilai claims that the torsional stiffness of the body of the ES8 is twice that of the Model X. When it is impacted at a low speed, the ES8 will not have the same kind of car-such as the Model X, such as the abnormal interior noise of the previous generation BMW X5. The overall feeling of the body and the feeling for passengers are better than many models of the same size.

Endurance and battery change, shortcomings and disputes

Unlike many people who eat melons, Wei Lai is actually quite frank about the short battery life of the ES8. Long ago, they released the official cruising range calculator, in which the high-speed cruising range of 120km/h was clearly marked as only 236km.(20℃, air conditioning off, 21-inch wheel hub). In this test drive, I simply counted, cruising at an average speed of about 110km/h, the battery life of the meter decreased by 51km and the odometer increased by 38km.(32℃, air conditioning 23℃, 21-inch wheels)It is basically in line with the endurance level of high-speed 200km+.

For real users, the cruising range of electric vehicles should be "discounted" on the basis of this discount. Because, after all, unlike driving a fuel car, there must be a gas station in Fiona Fang every few kilometers. Electric cars need to drive at least several kilometers to find public piles, or they need to rush back to their homes where they often go for 10 kilometers. To be on the safe side, they need to leave at least 10-20 kilometers of mileage. So in a word, ES8 can actually be used in the cruising range on the road. Generally speaking, 290±20km in urban area and 200±10km in high speed are more reliable references.

The actual cruising range of electric vehicles will definitely be smaller than the NEDC standard cruising range, which is also the necessary common sense for fuel vehicle users to switch to electric vehicles. Up to now, the endurance of the ES8 is no secret, and the data about 300km in the urban area and the early 200km at high speed are relatively reliable. Of course, the premise is the non-cold environment, the air conditioner does not turn on the extremely low temperature, and the driving habits are mild. If I hold the mentality that "it won’t cost a few dollars to power up anyway", I will have to charge when I drive the Model X 100D for more than 200 kilometers, which is a NEDC car with a mileage of more than 500 kilometers.

As for a series of problems brought about by power exchange, it has been discussed in the previous "Weilai IPO rings the bell tonight, where is the road of" 3-minute power exchange ". Weilai officials also confirmed that the ES8 chassis space is indeed available to ensure that all models of the brand have universal battery packs. As an "exchange", the laying of Weilai Power Station is still in progress.

For the power exchange station, Wei Lai disclosed some technical details this time:

There are still many questions about Weilai’s power exchange station, and the most typical one is that "the loss of new batteries caused by power exchange is greater than that of original batteries" and the resulting derivative problems. In addition, we also want to know the landing difficulty of Weilai Power Station in laying, such as whether there will be obstacles in facing the fire department. And the user level, can the owner choose a single power change?(Currently included in Weilai’s "Worry-Free Energy" service package)How to calculate the single price, how to use the power exchange station for the owner of the whole vehicle with battery, and so on.

As of mid-September, we have learned that the number of power stations in Beijing has increased to six. When Li Bin opened a store in Chengdu a few days ago, he mentioned that he would speed up the deployment of power stations around the expressway. "The company will give full play to the inherent advantages of Weilai Automobile’s structure.(Exchangeable). As mentioned in the last article, whether Weilai can successfully and timely land the power exchange system will have an important impact on Weilai’s next development.

Weilai has been wasting a lot of time on the "one-click power-on" service, but the fact is that everyone knows that this uneconomical and inflexible way is not a long-term solution. If electric vehicles really want to reach the majority of people and the broader market, they will eventually rely on recharging.(Charge & Exchange)Perfection, normalization and scale of facilities. Not long ago, Weilai supported some users to drive ES8 in Xinjiang, and as a result, it was criticized for "scooter dragging charging car". Even Weilai himself knows that in the future, the mobile charging car will only be a supplementary part of the whole NIO Power system, but at this stage, other charging facilities are not mature enough, so they have to take on more charging tasks.

Picking holes? Queen’s copilot, NOMI, big screen UI…… …

It’s common for people who sing bad songs to complain about ES8, that is, there are too many gimmicks. I subjectively understand that Weilai, as a new brand, is the first new car that dares to position itself as a "luxury brand". Strategically, it needs to create selling points in all aspects. But objectively, some of these patterns of ES8 really seem to be more gimmicks than reality.

A typical example is the Queen’s copilot. I have to say that Weilai knows the car habits of Chinese people very well. In the past, this kind of semi-reclining seat only appeared in the right back seat of executive-class cars, and even SUVs with the same price were mostly lacking. Wei Lai clearly realized that for China families who drive by car, the co-pilot is far more important than the right back seat, and this design idea is worth encouraging.

However, on the ES8, perhaps due to the cost limitation, the use steps of the Queen’s copilot are a bit cumbersome, so it is hard for me to imagine who will use it frequently. You need to adjust the three electric switches on the right side of the seat cushion, put down the foot rest-raise the leg rest-and level the back of the chair. There is no key in place and no position memory. It is up to your right hand to keep pressing a switch to determine the tilt angle. If you want to maximize the legroom, you need to toggle another manual switch on the right side of the seat cushion, and then move your hips to make the seat move back greatly.(i.e. parent-child mode). The recovery method of foot rest is also manual or manual.

To achieve the best comfort of leaning back greatly, this operation takes at least half a minute, and the right hand does not stop all the time. It’s not so much the queen’s co-pilot, but rather the sleep-supplementing co-pilot: it’s not cost-effective not to sleep once. Indeed, it is too suitable for sleeping, and my right media colleague in the same car personally verified it. The question is, having achieved such "meticulous", why is there a lack of "one key in place"?

If you choose the standard version of ES8 now, NOMI is an option worth 4,800 yuan, which is good news in reality.

It is absolutely unfair for NOMI engineers to "put a little love classmate in the car". When you get into the car for the first time, it turns its head and smiles, which will give people a good impression emotionally. However, compared with the current intelligent voice assistant(Not limited to vehicle)Similarly, NOMI can’t have the intelligence beyond this era, which also determines that it can’t be as considerate and powerful as the promotional film in many cases. However, ES8 relies too much on NOMI, which will bring problems.

For example, ES8′ s panoramic sunroof switch is not a common two-stage switch, that is, it can’t be opened and closed with one button, and it must be held by hand all the time when it is fully opened, or-call NOMI voice to give instructions. But as we said before, the female throne of the ES8 is very easy for the co-pilot to fall asleep … If you want to close the skylight at this time, you can only work hard for yourself-this inconvenience will not appear in traditional luxury cars.

There is a similar situation. For example, there is no physical switch for seat ventilation and heating.(After all, it is normal to have a big screen.)However, their UI switches in the central control screen are hidden in the air-conditioning interface and need to be adjusted in the 3rd floor menu. This means that if the environment is inconvenient for you to call NOMI by voice, the only choice is to click the screen once and for all. Perhaps Weilai’s UI designer will think "it doesn’t matter that there is NOMI", but the fact is that it is not uncommon for drivers/passengers to make noise.

In terms of intelligent interaction, NOMI has indeed not surpassed the times. In quiet environment, it can accurately recognize speech, but there are too many noisy times in the car. The whistle outside and the conversation between relatives and friends in the car will affect the recognition accuracy of NOMI.(Of course it’s not NOMI’s fault). In addition, the ability of continuous dialogue is not brilliant. If the recognition fails, you need to call "Hi NOMI" again and start over. In short, NOMI is not weaker than most similar assistants, but intelligent voice assistants are still unable to undertake and should not be given too many tasks.

During our short test drive, there was also a bug that NOMI black screen crashed and did not respond, and it didn’t return to normal until it was restarted after turning off the car. This does not affect driving like a more serious bug, but it also shows that NOMI should not act as an important operation mode.

Vehicle OTA and privacy security

These two points should be the least controversial in the 38 th evaluation. Vehicle OTA(FOTA)For the challenge of the stability of the on-board system, in the following ES8 owner @ Yadong(Weibo)Exposed in the crash bug encountered. As mentioned above, I have also encountered a small bug of NOMI black screen crash.

This is actually easy to understand. Generally speaking, the development cycle of a new car is as short as three to five years and as long as longer. During this period, the software and hardware of the whole car will be tested for a long time and gradually finalized. When the feasibility of OTA appears, the updated firmware may only go through a few months of real vehicle testing. Although manufacturers always claim that they have passed strict and perfect security tests, considering that Windows developed by thousands of top engineers in Microsoft still can’t move the blue screen, Apple’s stable iOS will inevitably appear "white apple". Ordinary users who don’t know anything about computer code have any reason to believe that more complex vehicle firmware can be foolproof?

Not only ES8, but also Tesla, the promoter of vehicle OTA, has bug problems. Coincidentally, the Model X test drive I met in my last company actually encountered the bug of the crash of the central control panel. The problem is not as serious as that of the ES8 owner, but it also shows the challenge of OTA upgrade to system stability. OTA should not be rejected, but it should not be rushed.It is even more impossible to use "OTA can quickly fix loopholes" to ignore the premise fact of "why there are loopholes in vehicles".

In May of this year, Tesla Model 3 was criticized by Consumer Report for its braking problems. Later, Tesla discovered that it was a vehicle software problem, and the emergency OTA upgrade firmware was solved. Although this is OTA’s contribution, it cannot be ignored that Tesla has a major fault in software defects.

Back to ES8, in mid-September, Weilai released "Developed day and night"(Uygur)Version 1.0.8 firmware, and said that this will be the last large-scale offline update. It is this version 1.0.8 firmware that will enable the ES8 to have the OTA capability of the whole vehicle, that is, the owner will be able to write the new firmware by himself, thus upgrading the core system of the vehicle.Security and stability are the first,I hope this will be the last time for Weilai firmware development team to "travel day and night"(except, of course, fixing bugs).

Privacy is another big problem. Past experience and lessons tell us that the threat to users’ privacy is inevitable and severe when everything meets the word "intelligence", not just cars. In fact, compared with Tesla, domestic new cars, and even some new models of traditional car companies, Weilai’s external sensors need to collect no more information. As for the so-called Weilai Club collecting passenger conversations, it is also stated in the privacy agreement that "the system may collect them when NOMI is turned on", that is, it may be recorded when calling NOMI. However, in the ES8 car, this camera, which was originally used for passengers to take selfies, brought people much more discomfort. In particular, it is also a super wide-angle lens, which can clearly take a panoramic view of the car.

A very simple example, in 2016, a photo of Facebook CEO Zuckerberg’s desk caught public attention. His Macbook front camera was taped. Obviously, even the top IT companies in the world can’t completely eliminate risks, and a piece of tape is the simplest solution. For Weilai ES8, it is really necessary to add physical shielding such as baffle to the camera in the car. It adds a very small cost, but it fundamentally reassures users.

As for other information collection behaviors, such as the address, mobile phone address book, music playing and a series of information in the car system, Weilai’s "eyes and ears" are indeed a little far. Although we are willing to believe in Weilai’s integrity and management level as a big company, users are objectively in an information asymmetry position, and what they need is privacy and security that they can confirm. When consumers choose goods, of course, there are also elements of choosing values. "Consumers who don’t agree with values can not choose this car." Then, from another perspective, enterprises whose values are inconsistent with society will not be recognized by consumers.

ES8 also has some small advantages, such as the display area of HUD is much larger than usual, and there is basically no need to look down at the instrument when driving on the speed limit section; The front central control and lower package place, the front armrest box are large and deep, and the rear central passage is completely flat, which gives full play to the advantages of electric vehicles; There are also air outlets on both sides of the rear roof, which is more stereoscopic for the air conditioning of the rear passengers.

What about the criticism of ES8? Look at it in several ways. The driving performance is not perfect, and the ES8 is indeed immature with distinct advantages and disadvantages. But as far as the short-term test drive is concerned, its shortcomings are not beyond the degree of "imperfect adjustment", and it is not as shocking as the so-called "semi-finished product".

ES8 has an excellent chassis and suspension system, and its powerful power and brakes are solid. Due to the common kinetic energy recovery system of electric vehicles, it is really easy to cause dizziness when driving fiercely; The steering texture has reached its due level, but the stability at high speed still needs to be tempered; As for battery life, it is already a shortcoming that official website admits in disguise, and it needs Weilai to speed up the construction of charging and replacing system to make up for it.

More slots come from in-vehicle and in-vehicle systems. The UI of the car’s big screen failed to find a balance between beauty and convenience, and NOMI, which has no actual substitution function, was given too much responsibility. Coupled with occasional system bugs, large and small, at least at present, ES8 can’t guarantee to give users a 100% complete, 100% stable and 100% easy-to-use in-vehicle system, which requires Wei Lai to calm down and take safety and stability as absolute goals in stages.

Small slots include some unreasonable facilities in the car, for example, the skylight does not have one-button opening and closing, for example, the UI menu design still needs to be considered, for example, the queen’s throne is designed without one button in place. These are not serious shortcomings, but they will eventually affect the user experience. If manufacturers pay attention to them, it is easy to improve them in the next generation of products. At the same time, some small advantages should not be ignored, such as the improvement of the position of the co-pilot, such as a large-scale HUD, such as a series of rethinking of storage space.

There is no doubt that OTA and privacy security are re-examined. Although these are new technologies that exist in many so-called "future" cars, we should not treat each car factory with the mentality of "the law does not blame the public". The advantages of vehicle OTA are obvious to all, but at the same time, the challenges to safety still need to be carefully considered by every manufacturer. Once you choose the road of OTA, you must accept the challenge of stability and security. Consumers don’t need to care about how many kilometers have been tested and how many days and nights have been developed. Whether the final result is good or not and there is no bug is the only test standard.

Privacy security is even more so. "It is difficult to protect privacy in today’s society" is not an excuse for a certain manufacturer’s inadequate privacy protection. In Weilai’s privacy agreement, there are indeed a considerable proportion of terms that are not beneficial to users, and users obviously have no responsibility to help manufacturers develop and test, let alone risk that privacy may be leaked. In-car cameras without any physical shielding can easily cause some privacy-sensitive users to be nervous and uncomfortable.

Generally speaking, ES8 is the first work of Weilai, a new brand. If this identity is taken into account as a prerequisite, the answer to this paper is satisfactory. But for ordinary consumers, they have no reason and no responsibility to lower their standards.

So, regardless of this identity, judging by normal standards, ES8 does have some shortcomings and immaturity in many aspects, but the description of "semi-finished products" is somewhat sensational. For example, many "defects" in machinery are actually common in most electric vehicles and should not be defined as the defects of ES8 individuals. More importantly, these so-called "defects" are not serious enough to affect health and safety in daily use. They should be defined as the shortcomings of the ES8 as a car, rather than the "product defects" exposed by the so-called "semi-finished products".

As for the above shortcomings, you should have a good idea by now.(Please capitalize and bold the word "shortcomings").

Recently, The 12th International Conference on Learning Presentations (ICLR 2024), one of the top conferences in the field of international machine learning, announced the paper recruitment list. Professor Lu Baoliang from the Department of Computer Science and Engineering of School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, together with Shanghai Zero Unique Technology Co., Ltd., has been selected as the ICLR 2024 Spotlight paper "Large Brain Model for Learning Generic Representations with Tremendorus EEG Data in BCI". There are 7,262 papers submitted worldwide, with an overall acceptance rate of about 31%, of which 5% were selected as Spotlight papers.

Research background

At present, deep learning models based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are usually designed for specific data sets or brain-computer interface (BCI) application tasks, which limits the scale of the model and fails to give full play to the representation ability of EEG signals. Recently, Large Language Model (LLM) has made epoch-making progress in text processing. Under this background, Professor Lu Baoliang’s team started to study large-scale EEG model (LEM). Although they are in different fields, they have something in common in the task of data decoding. Researchers use the successful concept of text processing for reference to explore new methods for analyzing EEG signals and building brain-computer interface models, and expand the scientific research vision and application prospects in this field.

However, compared with text data, EEG data sets are usually very small in scale and different in format. The development of large-scale EEG models faces the following challenges:

1) Lack of sufficient EEG data

Compared with natural language and image data, it is extremely difficult to collect large-scale EEG data. In addition, the annotation of EEG data usually requires a lot of energy from domain experts, resulting in only a small number of labeled data sets can be used for specific tasks in BCI, and the EEG signals of these tasks are usually collected from a few subjects, and the duration is usually less than tens of hours. Therefore, there is not a large enough EEG data set to support the training of LEM.

2) Diversified configuration of 2)EEG signal acquisition.

Although there is an international 10-20 system to ensure the standardization of EEG signal acquisition, users can still choose to use EEG caps with different electrode numbers or patch electrodes to collect EEG data according to actual application needs. Therefore, how to process EEG data in different formats to match the input unit of neural Transformer is still a problem to be explored.

3) Lack of effective learning paradigm of EEG representation.

The low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of EEG data and different types of noise are very difficult problems. In addition, balancing temporal and spatial features is very important for effective EEG representation learning. Although there are various EEG representation learning paradigms based on deep learning (such as CNN, RNN and GNN) that can be used to process the original EEG data, many researchers still tend to design artificial EEG features because of the above problems.

research results

The goal of this paper is to design a general large-scale EEG model called LaBraM. The model can effectively process various EEG data with different channels and lengths. Through unsupervised training of a large number of EEG data, the research team envisages that the model will have universal EEG representation ability, so that it can quickly adapt to various downstream tasks of EEG. In order to train LaBraM, researchers collected more than 2,500 hours of EEG data of various tasks and formats from 20 public EEG data sets.

Firstly, the original EEG signal is divided into EEG signal channel segments to solve the problem of different electrodes and time lengths. Neural markers with rich semantics are trained by vector quantization neural spectrum prediction to generate neural vocabulary. Specifically, the marker is trained by predicting the Fourier spectrum of the original signal. During the pre-training, some EEG segments will be masked, and the goal of neural Transformer is to predict the masked marks from the visible segments. The research team pre-trained three models with different parameter sizes, 5.8 million, 46 million and 369 million, which is by far the largest model in BCI field. Subsequently, the research team fine-tuned them on four different types of downstream tasks, including classification and regression.

Fig. 1 overall architecture of lab ram. First, all the input EEG signals will be divided into EEG signal segments through a fixed-length time window, and then the time characteristics will be extracted by applying a time encoder to each segment. Then, temporal and spatial embedding is added to segment features to carry temporal and spatial information. Finally, the embedded sequence is transmitted to the Transformer encoder in fragment order to obtain the final output.

In this paper, neural Transformer is introduced, which is a general architecture for decoding EEG signals, and can process any input EEG signals with any number of channels and length of time, as shown in Figure 1. The key operation to achieve this goal is to divide EEG signals into blocks, which is inspired by fragment embedding in images. Because of the high resolution of EEG in time domain, it is very important to extract time features before segment interaction through self-attention. A time domain encoder composed of multiple time domain convolution blocks is used to encode each EEG segment into segments for embedding. Temporal convolution block consists of one-dimensional convolution layer, group normalization layer and GELU activation function. In order to make the model aware of the temporal and spatial information of fragment embedding, the researchers initialized a temporal embedding list and a spatial embedding list. For any fragment, the corresponding temporal embedding and spatial embedding are added to the fragment embedding. Finally, the embedded sequence will be directly input into the Transformer encoder.

This paper verifies the effectiveness of LaBraM on two downstream task datasets: TUAB and TUEV. We designed three different configurations of LaBraM: LaBraM-Base, LaBraM-Large and LaBraM-Huge. The parameters of LaBraM-Base are 5.8M, LaBraM-Large is 46M and LaBraM-Huge is 369M.

Tables 1 and 2 above list the best baseline results of TUAB and TUEV and the results of LaBraM. Obviously, LaBraM-Base model is superior to all baseline models in various evaluation indexes of these two tasks. Especially in the more challenging TUEV multi-class classification task, the model has achieved significant performance improvement. It is observed that with the increase of model parameters, LaBraM-Huge model performs best, followed by LaBraM-Large model, and finally LaBraM-Base model. The research team believes that this good performance is attributed to the increase of pre-training data and model parameters. The paper concludes that as long as there is enough EEG data, large-scale EEG models can learn more general EEG representations, thus improving the performance of EEG signals in various downstream tasks.

Figure 2 compares the performance of the model on TUAB and TUEV data sets, and whether it is included in the pre-training process.

In the pre-training process, the research team hopes that the model can learn the general EEG representation that is not specific to any specific task. Although tag data is not used in the pre-training, in order to eliminate the influence of pre-training data on downstream tasks, this paper compares whether the downstream task data set is included in the pre-training results. It is worth noting that the records of TUAB and TUEV do not intersect with the records of pre-training data sets. As shown in Figure 2, whether the downstream task data set is included in the pre-training process of the model has little influence on the performance of the model on downstream tasks. This shows that the model has the ability to learn general EEG representation, and provides guidance for collecting more EEG data in the future, that is, researchers do not need to spend a lot of energy labeling EEG data in the pre-training process.

Author information

Jiang Weibang, a Ph.D. student in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, is the first author of this paper, and Dr. Zhao Liming from Shanghai Zero Unique Technology Co., Ltd. and Professor Lu Baoliang from the Department of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiaotong University are co-authors of this paper.

Lv Baoliang, Professor of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Professor Guangci of Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, doctoral supervisor, IEEE Fellow. He is currently the director of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Interaction and Cognitive Engineering of Shanghai Jiaotong University, the executive dean of Qingyuan Research Institute of Shanghai Jiaotong University, the co-director of Brain-Computer Interface and Neural Regulation Center of Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, the director of the joint laboratory of encephalopathy center-Mihayou of Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, and the founder and chief scientist of Shanghai Zero Unique Technology Co., Ltd. He is the editorial board member of IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, Journal of Neural Engineering, IEEE Transactions on Cognitive and Developmental Systems, Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence and Journal of intelligence science and technology.Won the 2022 Asia-Pacific Neural Network Society Outstanding Achievement Award, ACMM 2022 Top Paper Award, and 2021 IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing Best Paper Award. The first prize of Wu Wenjun Artificial Intelligence Natural Science in 2020 and the Best Paper Award of IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development in 2018 were selected into Elsevier’s list of highly cited scholars in China in 2020, 2021 and 2022. The main research fields include the theory and model of bionic computing, deep learning, emotional intelligence, emotional brain-computer interface and its application in the diagnosis and treatment of emotional disorders.

Paper link：https://openreview.net/forum? id=QzTpTRVtrP

Since the official release of HarmonyOS in 2019, up to now, HarmonyOS has ushered in the fourth iterative version, and HarmonyOS 4 has become another trump card besides self-developed chips.

I have to say that HarmonyOS is very ambitious. Since its birth, it has set its sights on various smart devices, but for most users, it is obvious that everyone should pay more attention to the intelligent experience. Today, HarmonyOS 4 has been fully adapted to the series, and all kinds of easy-to-use and fun functions are emerging one after another. In this issue, we will take stock of 15 cool functions on Huawei Mate60 Pro, and take a look at the blessings of HarmonyOS 4. What are the advantages?

1、Satellite call

The series brings Beidou satellite communication capability. When users are in an environment without ground network, they can still send short messages and location tracks to the outside world through their mobile phones. This function greatly facilitates adventure lovers and outdoor workers and brings them a life guarantee. It can be said that it may not be used at ordinary times, but it can save a life if it is used, which is very meaningful.

Huawei Mate 60 Pro goes further on this basis and brings the function of satellite call.In the absence of terrestrial network signals, users can also make and receive satellite calls calmly. In other words, Huawei Mate60 Pro is not only a smart phone, but also a satellite terminal device, which can be said to be a new breakthrough and a milestone in the whole mobile phone industry.

2, AI remote control

Gestures from a distance are the traditional strengths of Huawei mobile phones. Unfortunately, many smart phones still have no support until today. Gestures from a distance make many tedious operations easier, especially when your hands are inconvenient to brush the screen, you can use gestures to control the screen from a distance, such as when you brush a short video.Simply wave your hand and you can play the video in a sliding way. In addition, you can also take screenshots from a distance.Open your palm, and when the palm icon appears on the screen, you can take a screenshot with your palm clenched, which is fun and convenient.

3. The physical aperture is adjustable in 10 gears.

In addition to Beidou satellite communication, Huawei Mate50 series has also brought a major upgrade, which is the ten-speed variable aperture. Mobile phones are limited by the internal space inside the machine, so it is difficult to achieve a real variable aperture like a camera. However, Huawei mobile phones have made a breakthrough and brought a physical ten-speed variable aperture. At present, this function has been carried by many new Huawei machines and has become a part of Huawei XMAGE images.

Thanks to the blessing of this function, in the automatic mode, Huawei Mate60 series can be based onDifferent scenes intelligently match the aperture size. And inIn the professional mode, the range of depth of field and the degree of blur can be adjusted at will through the ten-speed adjustable physical aperture, thus achieving greater creative space.

4. Super macro

Macro photography is a function that people often use. With the macro photography function on the mobile phone, users can easily photograph the microscopic world that is usually imperceptible. On Huawei Mate60 Pro,Users only need to open the camera application and select the "Super Macro" mode to start shooting. Different from other mobile phones, when using the super macro of Huawei Mate60 Pro, users can also adjust the focal length, making it easier to compose pictures. In addition, during the shooting process, they can also use the "macro picture in picture" function to check the details of things in order to find the right shooting angle and position.

5. Intelligent payment

Like AI gesture from a distance, smart payment is also a smart perception function, and smart payment can be used for users.Shopping and payment provide a convenient and fast operation experience. For example, when the user goes to the checkout counter, he only needs to put Huawei Mate60 Pro.Stop on the desktop, without calling out the payment code, the salesperson can directly scan the code to complete the payment. It should be noted that the camera does not store any data, nor does it involve cloud transmission, and it relies entirely on the local neural network of the mobile phone, so it has high security.

6. Low battery emergency mode

Huawei Mate60 Pro also supports low battery emergency mode. When the mobile phone is at 1% low battery,The system will automatically activate the emergency mode,You can still stand by for 3 hours, talk for 12 minutes orScan the code four times. To put it simply, when the battery is about to run out, Huawei Mate60 Pro will still conduct electronic payment and emergency calls normally to save your "endurance anxiety".

7. Multi-seat

Huawei Mate60 Pro not only has powerful image configuration, but also benefits from HarmonyOS system, and Huawei Mate60 Pro also brings multiple camera mode. Through multi-device interconnection, Huawei Mate60 Pro can call the cameras of mobile phones, tablets and other devices equipped with HarmonyOS system to shoot, and at the same time, users can also shoot.Switch planes at any time, and shift the angle of view to take a close-up, mid-shot, panoramic and other multi-angle pictures at one time. To put it simply, Huawei Mate60 Pro is a pilot station at this time, which can control other devices to record different perspectives.

8, mask face recognition

Huawei Mate60 ProIt adopts a three-hole curved screen and is equipped with a front 3D camera, which has high accuracy in face recognition, even when wearing a mask.Unlock the screen and pay for the face, so as to meet the face recognition needs of users in various complex environments.

9. Universal Card

At present, users’ demand for information and services is becoming increasingly diversified, real-time and fragmented. Universal cards can help users get and use services more lightweight and efficient. With the blessing of HarmonyOS,Cards of the same size can be stacked together, which is convenient for desktop sorting and storage. In addition, the card can be operated by sliding up and down and long pressing and sliding left. The card holder function can classify cards of different sizes and shortcuts of applications at will, and freely assemble and classify them according to their own preferences, which makes the desktop more orderly and effectively improves the operation efficiency.

10. Transfer station

A super transfer station is very similar to a clipboard on a computer. Users can drag pictures, files, words, audio and video, web pages and chat interfaces to the "transfer station" for storage, and then send the contents of these transfer stations to the location you want to send.

11、Calendar countdown

Still regretting missing Valentine’s Day and children’s birthdays? Or are you upset about missing an important event? If you use a Huawei mobile phone, it is recommended to try this calendar countdown function.

Open the calendar and select the "+"sign in the lower right corner to enter "New Schedule". In addition to adding the schedule normally, there is also an important day on the side. After opening, the system will remind you on time not to miss the important day. If you are busy with your work at ordinary times and are not comfortable with your memory, this function can definitely be used.

12、Gaze detection

Worried that SMS messages will be seen by strangers, then you must try the gaze "detection" on Huawei Mate60 Pro, which can better protect privacy. In order to avoid the leakage of important information, HarmonyOS 4 AI information protection function can only display the message details when the owner checks the mobile phone. Once the system detects that many people or non-owners are watching the mobile phone, it will automatically hide the message details, which can effectively avoid user privacy leakage in both social scenes and office scenes.

13、Chat box coding

Sharing is the most common social scene, and sharing chat records can be said to be the most basic operation. However, before sharing, it is necessary to code the avatar and name.

If you use Huawei Mate60 Pro, it will save a lot of trouble. After the screenshot of the chat record, the system will automatically hide important content. The operation is also very simple. In the screenshot chat interface, private information will be coded at the bottom right. Click it to hide the user name and avatar.

14. Follow-up expression

With the release of Huawei Mate60 Pro, the "follow-up expression" has also brought more interesting AOD gameplay. When the user selects his favorite follow-up expression through setting-off screen display-follow-up expression, the cartoon image eyes can move synchronously according to the human eye movement, which is very interesting.

15. Distributed communication

In the HarmonyOS system, there is a very convenient function, which is"Multi-device communication sharing".Even in the absence of Wi-Fi and hot spots, tablet devices can still surf the Internet, make phone calls and send and receive short messages through the communication network of mobile phones, and compared with hot spots, the power consumption of mobile phones should be saved a lot.

The above is the cool experience sharing from Huawei Mate60 Pro. Which function do you think is the most practical and interesting? Welcome to leave a message in the comment area and tell me ~

Longevity is one of the manifestations of health, but longevity is not necessarily synchronized with health. Health and longevity can not be measured simply by the length of life or whether the body is sick. It is important to observe the living ability and functional maintenance of the elderly.

Health and longevity are not the same thing.

Health means that there is nothing wrong with your body, and longevity means that your body can live for a long time.

These two things are different. Some people are healthy but not long-lived, while others live long but not healthy.

For example, there is an old man who is in good health and often shares his fitness secrets on TV.

But one day, he suddenly found himself with two kinds of cancer, small cell cancer in the lung and poorly differentiated cancer in the esophagus, both of which were highly malignant. As a result, his condition developed rapidly and he died soon.

Therefore, a healthy life is comfortable and of high quality, while people with long life are more vigorous.

Life sometimes lies in exercise, but sometimes it also lies in rest.

Exercise can make people strong, but people who don’t exercise are not necessarily in poor health.

Strong people are not easy to get sick, and people with poor health are easy to get sick, but they can live for a long time if they don’t encounter any serious illness.

Look at those people who are in poor health and always take medicine. They have been alive all the time, living longer than those who are in good health.

There is a saying: rough wooden barrels are more durable than exquisite porcelain jars, and cautious people live longer than adventurous people.

It is often seen in life that some people are very strong, but suddenly they die without any warning. Just as athletes don’t live longer than ordinary people.

Too much exercise harms the body, consumes life, looks healthy, but actually does not live long. Proper exercise is good, but don’t go too far …

Therefore, it is recommended that middle-aged and elderly people take a walk for one hour every day. Too much exercise damages the body, accelerates aging, and a fast metabolism does not necessarily lead to a long life.

The tortoise runs slower than the rabbit, but it lives longer than the rabbit, because its metabolism is slow.

People with slow personality often live longer than those with urgent personality, which may also be related to slow metabolism. The so-called quick come, quick go, that is to say, people with urgent personalities.

A simple, calm and happy life is the foundation of longevity.

If a person is always worried, angry, afraid and unhappy, he will not have a good quality of life. People who are in a bad mood will soon get old, their body’s resistance will drop, they will easily get sick and die early.

Therefore, the elderly should find their own fun, communicate with others more, and don’t take the troubles to heart.

"Only if you are heartless, you will not be tired."

4. Longevity and diet have no fixed rules.

Some centenarians eat light food every day and some are full. There is also a centenarian couple. The old lady loves meat and the old man is a vegetarian all his life.

There is a master of Chinese studies. He eats nothing but salty and oily. He is 103 years old this year, and he still looks very energetic.

It seems that there are a hundred people of all shapes and sizes, which is true at all. It mainly depends on what kind of constitution you are.

For example, someone who drinks milk has diarrhea because his body can’t digest milk, and someone who eats seafood itches because his body is allergic to seafood.

Therefore, people are different from each other. We should eat food that suits us, and don’t blindly pursue vegetarianism or some diet combinations that don’t suit us.

5. The relationship between longevity and sleep is worth exploring.

Some people say that we should get enough sleep, so some old people go to bed after dinner, but some people go to bed late every day and don’t take a nap.

Some people in the world don’t sleep all their lives, and they are not short-lived. Some people are night owls, some are early birds, and we can’t say which is good or not.

So, everyone has everyone’s work and rest habits, as long as they go to sleep according to their own rules, naturally, not too much, not too little, not too tired, and they feel comfortable.

Read the original text

　　Today, official website, the Urban and Rural Real Estate Administration of Chengdu, released "Questions and Answers on the Policy of Housing Purchase Restriction in 2017 (II)", which once again dispelled doubts about the housing purchase restriction order in Chengdu. This is the authoritative answer to hot issues by Chengdu Housing Management Bureau since the introduction of the purchase restriction control policy in Chengdu on March 23.

　　1. After signing the house sales contract, can the buyer and the seller cancel the contract due to the implementation of the purchase restriction policy? If the contract is terminated, how should both parties bear legal responsibilities?

　　A: It can be lifted. According to the relevant provisions of the Notice of the Supreme People’s Court on Printing and Distributing the Minutes of the National Civil Trial Work Conference (No.442 [2011]), if the house buyer is unable to handle the house transaction formalities due to the implementation of the corresponding housing purchase restriction policy after the contract is signed, the buyer can support it if the purpose of the contract cannot be realized due to reasons not attributable to both parties. If the parties claim compensation for losses, they shall not support it in principle.

　　2. Zhang sells a house with a property right certificate, and the buyer Wang has already paid part of the house price. Before 24: 00 on March 2017, he has not completed the printing of the stock house brokerage service contract or the stock house sales contract on the Chengdu stock house trading service platform. Can he go through the transaction procedures?

　　A: Before 0: 00 on March 24, 2017, the buyer and the seller did not complete the printing of the stock house brokerage service contract or the stock house sales contract on the Chengdu stock house trading service platform. If both parties voluntarily continue to perform the contract and can submit the following supporting materials, they can go through the transaction procedures before May 31, 2017; Failing to apply within the time limit or failing to provide the following supporting materials will not be accepted.

　　Valid bank transfer vouchers (POS bills, transfer bills, etc., the payee must be the seller) for the buyer to pay the house purchase deposit and part or all of the house purchase price (excluding cash payment) to the seller before 0: 00 on March 24, 2017. The buyer and the seller are responsible for the authenticity of the submitted certification materials. If the transaction is made through an intermediary agency, the intermediary agency shall organize the collection of relevant materials and apply for it in batches by way of collective piece reservation; Intermediaries are responsible for the authenticity of the transaction data and provide a letter of commitment.

　　3. Li bought a house with title certificate from Deng. Before 0: 00 on March 24, 2017, he had not completed the printing of the stock house brokerage service contract or the stock house sales contract on the Chengdu stock house trading service platform, and he had not paid the house payment voucher. However, Li has applied to the bank for a house purchase loan, which was accepted by the bank. Can he go through the transaction procedures?

　　A: Before 0: 00 on March 24, 2017, the buyer and the seller did not complete the printing of the stock house brokerage service contract or the stock house sales contract on the Chengdu stock house trading service platform, and both parties voluntarily continued to perform the contract and were able to submit the real bank’s proof materials for accepting the buyer’s loan application before 0: 00 on March 24, 2017, so they can go through the transaction procedures before May 31, 2017; Failing to apply within the time limit or failing to provide supporting materials will not be accepted. If the transaction is made through an intermediary agency, the intermediary agency shall organize the collection of relevant materials and apply for it in batches by way of collective piece reservation; Intermediaries are responsible for the authenticity of the transaction data and provide a letter of commitment.

　　4. Xie owns a house, but has not yet obtained the property right certificate, and sells the house to Zhou, signing a sales contract privately, and Zhou paid the purchase price. Can the buyer Zhou handle the transaction procedures?

　　A: No. According to the provisions of Article 30 of the Urban Real Estate Management Law, houses that have not been registered and received ownership certificates according to law shall not be transferred.

　　Related reading

　　Chengdu Housing Authority: It will rectify and standardize real estate agents and crack down on 10 kinds of illegal acts.

　　On the morning of March 29th, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development held a teleconference to rectify and standardize the intermediary behavior of real estate development and sales. At 2 pm on the 29th, the Chengdu Housing Authority convened the heads of 45 large and medium-sized brokerage agencies and the heads of 12 district (city) and county housing authorities in the restricted purchase area to hold a work meeting to rectify and standardize the real estate agency behavior in Chengdu.

　　The meeting informed the illegal behavior of Sichuan Meijiayuan Real Estate Agency Co., Ltd.; It conveyed that the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development held a video conference to rectify and standardize the intermediary behavior of real estate development and sales, and put forward requirements for the intermediary rectification work in Chengdu. Chengdu Housing Authority put forward specific work requirements for rectifying and standardizing the intermediary behavior of real estate development and sales, hoping to further strengthen the supervision and rectification of the real estate market and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the people.

　　It is understood that in the next step, Chengdu will resolutely crack down on the following types of violations: illegal agency sales; Publish false listings; Maliciously raise housing prices; Collect sales expenses in violation of regulations; Forge proof materials to avoid the policy of restricting loans and purchases; Unlicensed sales; Malicious speculation; Sell at a higher price; Illegal tying; One room and two sales, etc.

　　[Pacific Auto Network New Car Channel] There are not many news that can grab the headlines of Guangzhou Auto Show in the past two weeks. Apart from supermodel wrestling, there is only one electric car that can break 100 in 2 seconds and instantly lose all super-running: a new generation of Tesla Roadster.

　　In the past, many car fans were dismissive of electric cars that claimed to subvert the traditional automobile industry, because in the eyes of our internal combustion engine party, nothing is a car without an internal combustion engine, only an internal combustion engine is fun and has the strongest performance. But now, the acceleration time of the new generation Tesla Roadster in two seconds has made the internal combustion engine party have to re-examine the electric car.

　　Tesla Roadster broke 100 achievements and over 10,000 torques in 2 seconds, which we will explain later. First, let’s take a look at how to buy this outrageous electric car.

Direct link to book a car: Tesla China official website

　　The new generation was officially released at the Tesla Design Center in Hawthorne, California last week. The new car will be delivered in 2020 and has been pre-sold overseas. Judging from the booking amount of 1.33-1.659 million in China District, Tesla is ready to let China buyers "Book the car in full+wait for three years”。 Of course, the final price of Roadster in China will be higher than that in the United States. After all, taxes and fees have not been calculated yet.

　　P.S.　

　　1, Base (basic version)The booking fees at home and abroad are different.

　　2. Please note that even if the full amount is paid, it is only "book",not"schedule”； (The deposit does not have the nature of debt guarantee. If the party receiving the deposit breaches the contract, it only needs to return the deposit it has received without double payment. )

　　3. The Founders Series is limited to 1,000 vehicles. The "sincerity gold" in the United States is the quotation itself. It can be seen that this series is more like a crowdfunding game … …

　　4. Musk announced on Twitter yesterday that completing 0-96km/h in 1.9 seconds is onlyBaseThe performance index of,Founders Series will be more lethal.

　　1.33 million three-year zero interest and zero income to Tesla is to become the first person in this area who can be forced by Tesla sports cars after mass production. We can’t guess the idea of local tyrants. So even if you pay 1.33 million to book a car, can you guarantee that Roadster will be mentioned in three years?

　　With today’s Model 3 as a lesson, I am afraid that local tyrants may not be able to pick up their cars with peace of mind after three years. Tesla’s third-quarter financial report shows that Tesla has only delivered 222 Model 3s, which is far from Musk’s previous claim of delivering 500 models per week.

　　The low production capacity is because the automatic production line of Panasonic, the supplier of power batteries, is not ready yet, which leads to low battery output, which further limits the output of Model 3. Tesla had hoped to produce about 1,500 Model 3 vehicles in the third quarter of this year, but only 260 vehicles were produced. It can be seen that Tesla has already encountered a serious productivity hell.

　　Tesla Model 3′ s capacity crisis has not yet been resolved. Compared with working day and night in the California factory, Musk slipped out of a supercar with exploded parameters.

　　Because Tesla needs money too much, it is necessary to release a new car at this juncture, even if it is not for direct cash flow, raising the price-earnings ratio and boosting the confidence of the capital market. Just looking at the choice of time nodes, Musk is a master of capital.

　　Whether it is Model 3 or today’s new Roadster, Tesla has made products into futures, and released the final product in the form of a prototype three years later. You know, not to mention other high-return investments, even if you put 1.33 million in the bank for regular three years, you can earn at least 200,000 to 300,000, which is equivalent to raising the price in disguise. Whether it is a loss or a gain, only the customer who made the deposit knows.

　　Tesla’s crazy burning of money is worrying Wall Street. According to relevant news, it has obtained more than $3 billion in funds through various channels such as stocks, convertible bonds and bond issuance this year, and it has burned $2.6 billion in the past two quarters alone. It is precisely because of the shortage of funds that Musk hopes to bring new funds to it by issuing bonds.

　　In the fourth quarter, Tesla is expected to invest $1 billion; As of the end of last quarter, Tesla still had 3.5 billion yuan (total cash+cash equivalents). Analysts predict that by the end of the first quarter of next year, Tesla’s book may be only about $1 billion. In order to maintain normal operation, Tesla needs to raise another $2.5 billion to $3 billion.

　　As soon as the launch of the new car at the Tesla Design Center in Hawthorne, California, the mainstream voice of the media was pursuing trucks and the new Roadster. Today, Tesla’s share price has risen from the lowest of $299 when Q3′ s financial report was released to $308.74 (closing price on November 20th), but it has dropped by nearly 21% compared with the all-time high of $389.61 on September 18th.

　　Although Tesla’s electric semi-trailer trucks and the second-generation Roadster have both appeared, investors are still worried about whether Model 3 can successfully complete the mass production target.

　　At present, the market has a broad prospect, but the competitors will not lag behind Tesla in terms of technical ability and capital. Once Tesla’s cash flow continues to deteriorate, it is doubtful whether it can guarantee the current development status.

　　It’s good news that Tesla set up its own factory in China. Musk also made it clear in a conference call that he would not make capital expenditure on China before 2019. Although Tesla is very likely to set up a factory in China independently, it can’t hydrolyze the thirst. At present, the capacity problem of Model 3 is still severe, and the cash flow is further deteriorating.