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　　Measures such as accelerating the pace of investment and operation and enriching the social security fund with state-owned capital will be effective.

　　Pensions will rise 14 times in a row next year

　　Experts predict that in view of the economic transformation and the pressure of payment, the increase of pension is expected to slow down to about 5%.

　　Since 2005, China’s pension level has continued to increase steadily, and by 2017, it has achieved 13 consecutive increases. Despite the rising pressure on pension payment, relevant departments have continuously introduced measures. Since the beginning of this year, a package of policies such as starting the investment and operation of the basic old-age insurance fund and transferring some state-owned capital to enrich the social security fund have been introduced one after another. Many experts said that there is no suspense in the 14 th consecutive increase in pensions in 2018. However, due to multiple factors such as slowing economic growth and accelerating aging, the increase in pensions may be slightly lower than that in 2017, about 5%.

　　Many experts said that as far as China’s current policy orientation and economic growth rate are concerned, pensions will continue to rise. "The exponential growth of pension is the proper meaning in the design of pension system." Zheng Bingwen, director of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out in an interview with the Economic Information Daily that pensions will undoubtedly rise 14 times in a row next year. "Considering that the economic growth rate will be between 6% and 7% next year, and the average social wage will also be raised, according to the important decision since the comprehensive deepening reform in 2012, the pension will be raised accordingly."

　　Zhang Yinghua, an executive researcher at the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, told the Economic Information Daily that the increase of pension is to let retirees share the fruits of economic development, and at the same time, the living standard will not drop significantly due to rising prices, so the increase of pension will generally be linked to wages or prices. At present, China’s economy is changing from high-speed growth to medium-high-speed growth, and the price increase is not large, so the corresponding growth rate of wages and pensions will also slow down.

　　In fact, pension adjustment, as a normal mechanism, has been growing rapidly in the past decade. In this regard, Professor Yang Yansui from the School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University told the Economic Information Daily that this was mainly due to the low salary base of retired elderly people in the past. "The pension adjustment mechanism should be linked to the inflation rate, thus ensuring the purchasing power of pensions. The pension growth rate in 2017 is 5.5%, the pension growth rate in 2018 may be 5%, and it may be 4.5% in the future, which is in line with the inflation rate. " Yang Yansui said.

　　Qi Chuanjun, deputy secretary-general of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, also said in an interview with the Economic Information Daily that the pension will increase by about 5% next year. "This is mainly due to two considerations. First, the economy has entered a new normal, the growth rate has slowed down compared with previous years, and the growth rate of fiscal revenue has also shown the same trend. At the same time, the growth rate of basic endowment insurance fund expenditure is obviously greater than the growth rate of income, and financial sustainability faces certain risks; On the other hand, the US Federal Reserve has started the process of shrinking the table, and the world may enter the interest rate hike cycle, so inflationary pressure is not great. " Qi Chuanjun said.

　　Many experts also pointed out that the continuous sharp increase in pensions has also produced certain negative effects. For example, the insured person has the expectation that the pension will be raised rapidly all the time, and some insured people choose to retire early. For individuals, even under the same factors, there is a phenomenon of "upside down" that the pension of post-retirees is less than that of first retirees. "We should treat pension growth rationally. Too high expectations will increase the pressure on decision-making. Too fast growth will also bring pressure on the working generation to pay taxes, which will easily lead to intergenerational contradictions, and it is also contrary to the central tax reduction and fee reduction policy." Zhang Yinghua told reporters.

　　In addition, the acceleration of aging and the rising cost of transformation have also made the ability to pay insufficient in some areas. Recently, China Social Insurance Annual Development Report 2016 issued by the Social Security Administration Center of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security mentioned that among the income and expenditure of pension funds in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the cumulative balance of pension funds in 13 statistical regions has been less than one year.

　　Qi Chuanjun said that to maintain the sustainability of the basic old-age insurance fund, it is important to open up sources, and the expansion and reform of pension investment channels determine the direction of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees to a certain extent.

　　In fact, in the face of the increasing pressure of pension payment, recently, China has intensively introduced a series of new social security policies. For example, we will speed up the research and promote the national overall planning of endowment insurance, and prepare to take the first step next year, first implementing the central adjustment system of basic endowment insurance funds. At the same time, this year’s pension started the pace of investment and operation. In November, the State Council announced the Implementation Plan for Transferring Part of State-owned Capital to Enrich the Social Security Fund, which made it clear that the central and local state-owned and state-controlled large and medium-sized enterprises and financial institutions were included in the transfer scope, and the transfer ratio was unified to 10% of the state-owned shares of enterprises. The equity dividends and operating income were earmarked to make up for the gap in the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees. Investment in the basic old-age insurance fund is also developing steadily. According to the data released by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in November, the governments of nine provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) such as Beijing and Anhui signed entrusted investment contracts with the Social Security Fund Council, with a total contract value of 430 billion yuan, of which 180 billion yuan has been received and started to invest.

　　Many experts pointed out that the introduction of a series of new policies will alleviate the pressure of pension payment to a certain extent and ensure the steady growth of pensions for retired workers. "At present, the pressure on old-age care is increasing. Under the principle of safe investment and steady investment, it is necessary to invest in the surplus funds of the old-age insurance fund in various ways, which is conducive to improving the income level and realizing the preservation and appreciation of the fund." Chu Fuling, director of the China Social Security Research Center of the Central University of Finance and Economics, indicated.

　　However, in Yang Yansui’s view, to solve the problem of pension sustainability, we need to go hand in hand, build a multi-level pension insurance system, and focus on increasing the development of enterprise annuities and individual pension systems. On the one hand, it is to change the current pension structure, reduce local differences through central planning of basic pensions, and on the other hand, accelerate the reform of enterprise annuities as the second pillar, "accelerate the development of individual pensions, establish pension asset accounts through individuals, implement tax relief, let individuals choose between trusts, funds and insurance, strengthen the construction of the third pillar, and at the same time force the transformation and upgrading of such financial industries to increase pension accumulation and safeguard the rights and interests of the people." Yang Yansui said. (Ban Juanjuan)

In Zhejiang, there is a story that warms people’s hearts. The protagonist is a one-armed girl named Fang Cunxin. She painted a colorful "rainbow road" on the blind road of the city with brushes and pigments, bringing hope and safety to the visually impaired.

Fang Cunxin lost her right arm at an early age, but this did not hinder her dream of pursuing art. She loves painting and is eager to give back to the society in her own way. Seeing that blind roads are often occupied, which makes it difficult for blind people to travel, she decided to change this situation with a brush. The creative process is full of challenges. In order to hold the brush steadily, she repeatedly practices the holding skills of her left hand. In terms of color matching, she carefully selects each color to ensure that they can attract people’s attention without causing trouble to the blind. Every stroke is devoted to her hard work, and every color matching is a test of her will. She is not only painting, but also interpreting her love for life and care for others with her actions.

At first, Fang Cunxin’s behavior was not understood by everyone. Some passers-by thought she was destroying public facilities, and some even came forward to stop her. In the face of doubt, Fang Cunxin did not flinch, but patiently explained his original intention. She told everyone that this rainbow road is to help blind people better identify blind roads and avoid danger. Gradually, people began to realize her kindness and were moved by her persistence. An old man said, "This child is really not easy. We should support her for doing something for everyone so hard." This change is not only the change of personal attitude, but also the awakening of the whole community to the concern of vulnerable groups.

With more and more people joining the ranks of helping Fang Cunxin, this rainbow road has gradually taken shape. It is not only a beautiful scenic line, but also a symbol of the warmth and tolerance of a city. The help of passers-by shows the importance of social moral construction and the possibility of building a harmonious community. In this process, everyone learned to understand and respect each other and jointly created a more friendly living environment. As a volunteer said, "Everyone can be the light in other people’s lives, as long as we are willing to lend a helping hand."

Fang Cunxin wrote a story full of love on the land of Zhejiang with her brush. The kindness of passers-by is the most touching part of this story. It reminds us that on the road of life, everyone can be the rainbow of others, as long as we have good intentions and take positive actions. No matter what difficulties you are in, you can bring hope to others in your own way. This story also makes us reflect on how to practice more charity in our daily life and make the world a better place. Fang Cunxin’s behavior not only changed the travel environment of the blind, but also touched the heartstrings of everyone who witnessed it. She proved with practical actions that true beauty is not only an external manifestation, but also the selfless love and care in her heart.

Acupuncture has become a business card for China culture to go global.

With the gradual spread to the west, the popularity of acupuncture therapy in some developed countries even surpassed that of China. It is worth noting that in recent years, with the rise of "western medical acupuncture", the development of acupuncture in the world is experiencing "de-China".

Chinese acupuncture, where to go?

one

Acupuncture, hot!

In the early 1970s, there was an "acupuncture fever" in America.

In the summer of 1971, James Reston, then vice president of The New York Times, visited China at the invitation of the China government. During this period, due to sudden acute appendicitis, Reston was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital and underwent appendectomy. On the second day after operation, Reston developed abdominal pain, and Dr. China treated him with acupuncture.

According to Reston’s memory, at that time, a young China acupuncturist put three needles under his right elbow and knees, and burned his abdomen with a kind of "cheap cigar-like" moxa roll, which obviously reduced abdominal distension.

On July 26th, The New York Times published Reston’s article "Now, About My Operation in Peking" on the front page, which described this experience and the magical effect of acupuncture.

Source: new york Times Archives.

Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion is based on the holistic view of "harmony between man and nature", guided by the theory of meridians and acupoints, and uses needles and mugwort leaves as the main tools and materials to adjust the balance of human body by puncturing or fumigating specific parts of the body, thus achieving the purpose of health care and treatment.

At this time, acupuncture in China has just ushered in a leap-Chinese medical workers and scientific workers have successfully created acupuncture anesthesia. This is a model of the combination of Chinese and Western medicine, which has aroused great concern of western society about acupuncture and moxibustion in China. During their visit to China, Reston and his wife also visited China’s acupuncture anesthesia.

On the front page of People’s Daily, the article "Brilliant example of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine-hail the successful creation of acupuncture anesthesia in China" was published. Source: official website, state administration of traditional chinese medicine

In the spring of 1972, US President Nixon’s delegation to China arrived in Beijing, specifically to observe acupuncture anesthesia. As a result, more than 30 members of the delegation and journalists watched the whole process of lung resection under acupuncture anesthesia in the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University, and it was reported that there was an "acupuncture fever" in the United States.

In April, at Wes Hospital in Chicago, American doctors performed tonsillectomy under acupuncture anesthesia for the first time.

Since then, with the surge of public demand, the American acupuncture industry came into being, and acupuncture clinics began to appear everywhere. By 1997, 10,000 people in the United States had obtained acupuncture licenses, and about 3,000 doctors carried out acupuncture therapy.

Before and after the Gulf War, DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) paid great attention to acupuncture research applied in rehabilitation medicine and brain imaging, and strongly funded acupuncture research on treating Gulf War-related diseases and chronic headaches.

2

Chinese original

The origin of acupuncture can be traced back to the beginning of Chinese civilization.

Acupuncture, including acupuncture (pricking) and moxibustion (moxibustion), both originated in the Paleolithic Age, and is the oldest external therapy applied in primitive society in China.

Acupuncture was originally the "bian method", and the ancients often used bian stone to stab carbuncle and pus, and bian thorn to bleed. Since the Shang Dynasty, with the development of metallurgical technology, the metal "nine needles" have replaced Bian Shi as external treatment tools, and some of them are used for surgical diseases. According to Sun Simiao, a medical sage, the Yellow Emperor created nine needles in "Prepare for a Urgent Need". Moxibustion with wormwood appeared at the latest in the pre-Qin period, mainly using moxa cone burning moxibustion.

The period from Warring States to Qin and Han Dynasties is an important stage in the formation of acupuncture and moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine. Bian Que, Fu Weng, Hua Tuo and other famous doctors are all good at acupuncture and moxibustion, and the earliest classic of traditional Chinese medicine, Huangdi Neijing, came out at this time, and acupuncture was discussed in great length.

In Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, acupuncture entered a period of rapid development. The publication of The Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion A and B established the position of acupuncture as an independent science. At the same time, the school-style education established by the government gradually emerged, and the Tang Tai Medical Department set acupuncture as an independent subject, which created a precedent for acupuncture school education.

In Song Dynasty, acupuncture prevailed. In the process of turning and copying acupuncture medical books, there are some problems such as missing the names of human meridians and acupoints. Therefore, the court appointed Wang Weiyi, who was working in yiguang at that time, to re-collate and collate acupuncture medical books. After three years of collating and textual research, The Illustration of Acupuncture and Moxibustion at Tongren Point was published, which established the national standard of acupoints at that time and had far-reaching influence.

At the same time, in order to enable learners and clinicians to accurately grasp the acupoints’ positioning as stipulated in the Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion on Tongren, the Song government also ordered Wang Weiyi to preside over the casting of a bronze model of acupuncture and moxibustion, which provided a more intuitive, vivid and accurate physical basis for the acupoints’ position of human body.

Zhou Mi, a famous litterateur in the Southern Song Dynasty, recorded the ingenuity and precision of acupuncture bronze men at that time in his classic "Wild Tales in Qidong". According to the book, the acupuncture bronze man has internal organs, and the acupoints on the bronze man are perforated. Water (in some versions, it is "mercury") is injected into them in advance, and then the acupoints are sealed with yellow wax, and then the medical workers can find a certain acupoint and acupuncture it. At that time, the bronze man was also stabbed through the clothes. If the needle was found accurately, water (or mercury) would naturally flow out after the needle was inserted.

In the Ming Dynasty, acupuncture and moxibustion were innovated and developed. There are some comprehensive acupuncture works, among which Yang Jizhou’s Acupuncture Dacheng has the greatest influence. Since its publication in Wanli, this book has been reprinted many times and spread widely. It has not only attracted the attention of academic circles in China, but also been translated into Japanese, French, German and other languages. In the Ming Dynasty, the government also set up an acupuncture department in Tai Hospital.

By the early and middle period of Qing Dynasty, acupuncture showed a trend of "returning from the doctor’s post to the doctor’s post", and it developed in a simple and safe direction. After long-term historical test and accumulation, both theoretical exposition and clinical diagnosis and treatment methods have matured.

Development and achievement of ancient acupuncture in China

Compiled by the editor from Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Traditional Chinese Medicine Press, 1st edition, January 2020.

three

winding path amidst high peaks

In ancient times, acupuncture of traditional Chinese medicine has been widely spread in Asia. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, with the increasing number of western missionaries coming to China, acupuncture therapy was brought to Europe and other places at that time, thus becoming the earliest beginning of the spread of acupuncture to the west.

However, by the end of the Qing Dynasty, the fate of acupuncture took a turn for the worse.

In 1822, Emperor Daoguang ordered: "Acupuncture has a long history, but it is not suitable for the monarch to use acupuncture and moxibustion, and the acupuncture department of Taichi Hospital means to stop forever." As a result, the practice of setting up acupuncture department in Tai Hospital changed. Since then, acupuncture has been excluded from the official medical system.

On the other hand, the fate of traditional medicine is closely related to the soil that breeds it. After the Opium War broke out in 1840, China never recovered. The spread of western medicine to the east broke the relatively closed and independent development pattern of traditional Chinese medicine, and gradually occupied the mainstream position of China medicine. Even, there has been a "total self-denial" caused by excessive "learning from foreigners"-in the century of national humiliation, we gradually lost our confidence in the quintessence of the country.

In the Republic of China, some people even put forward a motion to abolish Chinese medicine, which made the survival of Chinese medicine acupuncture face challenges. Of course, those who have a long-term plan still hold their ground. A group of people of insight, represented by Cheng Dan ‘an, have achieved certain results in the preservation and development of acupuncture through the establishment of acupuncture societies, the issuance of acupuncture publications and the development of correspondence education. In the process of active innovation, acupuncture of traditional Chinese medicine is pregnant with new life.

After 1949, acupuncture ushered in a good opportunity, and the government strongly supported the development of Chinese medicine. In 1951, the Experimental Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy of the Ministry of Health (the predecessor of the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine) was established to carry out clinical and scientific research on acupuncture, with Zhu Lian as the first director. Since then, local research institutions have been established one after another, and the scientific research of acupuncture has developed rapidly. In the same year, Zhu Lian’s New Acupuncture was published and translated into many languages.

Since the 1970s, remarkable achievements have been made in the research on the mechanism of acupuncture, especially in acupuncture analgesia, acupuncture anesthesia, and the adjustment of acupuncture on visceral function, which is one of the few disciplines in which China is currently in the leading position in the world.

In April, 1975, entrusted by the World Health Organization and approved by the State Council, the China government started international acupuncture classes in Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing successively, and trained acupuncture talents for all countries in the world.

On November 22nd, 1987, the World Federation of Acupuncture Societies was established in Beijing. It is the first international academic organization headquartered in China in history, marking the international recognition of the advanced level and leading position of acupuncture in China.

four

Western learning China.

The upsurge of acupuncture in the United States has driven more western countries to use acupuncture.

In 1970s, acupuncture got unprecedented development in Germany, and more than 30 acupuncture societies were established successively. Some scientific research institutions also gave support to acupuncture research, and more and more Germans were willing to accept acupuncture treatment.

In 1985, the French Ministry of Health set up a special committee on acupuncture, and some public hospitals often use acupuncture as a treatment, so patients can get medical insurance for it.

Since 1990, Italy has allowed clinics of local health bureaus and public medical systems or private medical institutions that have agreements with local health bureaus to provide acupuncture services. In addition, the military medical system has gradually accepted Chinese medicine, for example, the Roman military hospital officially opened the acupuncture department on December 19, 2005.

Following the establishment of "London College of Traditional Chinese Medicine" with Beijing University of Chinese Medicine in 1993, there are four universities in Britain offering undergraduate courses in acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine. In 2001, he began to advocate the legislation of acupuncture and moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine, and in 2004, he established the Chinese medicine management Committee; In 2008, the legislative group of the British Ministry of Health submitted the legislative proposal of "acupuncture, herbs and Chinese medicine" to the government. There are nearly 20 kinds of diseases treated by acupuncture, and the expenses of acupuncture treatment can be reimbursed.

In addition, acupuncture has been officially recognized by Switzerland, Austria, the Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Russia and other countries.

At the same time, the standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion has been paid more and more attention at home and abroad, which has further deepened the world consensus on the value of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Since 1981, the World Health Organization began to organize the work of international naming standards for acupuncture and moxibustion, and published the International Recommended Naming Standards for Acupuncture and Moxibustion in 1984.

In November 1997, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) held a hearing on acupuncture, re-evaluated the value of acupuncture and reached a consensus, and the relevant contents were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).

In 2006, the international standard of Acupoint Positioning of Acupuncture and Moxibustion was formulated, and the World Health Organization (WHO) established an international unified standard for the location of 361 human acupoints used in acupuncture and moxibustion in the western Pacific region.

In 2014, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) officially published the standard of "ISO17218:2014 Disposable Sterile Acupuncture Needle", which is the first international standard issued by ISO in the field of traditional medicine in the world.

five

How powerful is it?

Acupuncture researchers at home and abroad have adopted rigorous clinical epidemiological research methods and carried out large-scale clinical verification. The current research mainly focuses on the following aspects:

* Analgesia

More than 60% of acupuncture patients in the world are pain-related diseases, and the proportion of pain patients in foreign acupuncture clinics is higher.

Acupuncture treatment of pain has obtained high-quality clinical evidence. Foreign scholars analyzed the original data of 39 randomized controlled acupuncture clinical trials in western countries from 2008 to 2015 by using single-case meta-analysis, and included 20,827 patients, which proved that the curative effect of acupuncture on head, neck, shoulder and low back pain was obviously better than that of sham acupuncture (comfort acupuncture) and no acupuncture, and the analgesic effect only decreased by 15% after one year of follow-up.

Chinese scholars have proved that acupuncture as an adjuvant therapy can definitely improve the frequency and degree of angina pectoris attacks in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris, and can alleviate the anxiety and depression symptoms of patients.

Acupuncture can also activate the human endogenous analgesic system by stimulating the body surface, so as to play an analgesic role and avoid drug resistance and addiction. In October 2018, US President Trump signed a bill called H.R.6, which aims to find alternative drugs and treatments for pain and curb the proliferation of opioid analgesic drugs in the United States. The bill will include acupuncture and medical massage. All of them are included in alternative therapies to be evaluated.

* Regulating visceral function

Acupuncture can regulate and treat visceral function, which includes specific regulation of acupoints at the same segment and non-specific and extensive regulation of acupoints at different segments. These functions are based on the participation of segmental, intersegmental and systemic (supraspinal) centers of spinal cord.

China scholars’ research in recent years shows that electroacupuncture can significantly relieve female stress urinary incontinence, and can also promote intestinal movement to treat refractory constipation. These findings were published in well-known journals with high impact factors, such as Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) and Annual Internal Medicine.

Acupuncture points can adjust the function of the corresponding target organs and realize the relevant transformation. For example, acupuncture at Neiguan can significantly relieve nausea and vomiting, and it has been transformed into a wearable wristband product.

Electroacupuncture can significantly improve functional dyspepsia. Experimental studies have proved that acupuncture at Zusanli can activate vagus nerve and significantly promote gastric and intestinal movements; Acupuncture at Zhongwan point inhibits gastric movement by activating sympathetic nerves at the same segment; Acupuncture at Tianshu point has a bidirectional regulating effect on intestinal movement.

* Regulation of endocrine

Acupuncture can significantly reduce the androgen level of non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Acupuncture combined with lifestyle intervention can improve the menstrual cycle and ovulation rate of obese PCOS patients, reduce the level of sex hormones, significantly improve the recruitment of oocytes and improve the quality of embryos.

However, some reports show that acupuncture has the same effect as fake acupuncture in improving the live birth rate of PCOS patients, which has aroused widespread concern and contention in the industry. For example, the evidence quality of acupuncture for pregnancy assistance is not high. There is no difference between acupuncture for pregnancy assistance before follicular secretion and after embryo transfer. The effect of acupuncture on relieving hot flashes of female climacteric syndrome is also unclear.

The regulating effect of acupuncture on hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, in addition, acupuncture activates the skin’s inherent "skin-brain axis" (HPA axis similar to the center) to exert local and systemic neuroendocrine regulation is also a hot spot in recent years.

* Regulating inflammation-immunity

The immunomodulatory effect caused by acupuncture is mainly manifested in the effect of acupuncture on immune cells, immune molecules and neuroimmunity. Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a neuroimmune pathway based on efferent vagus nerve to inhibit inflammatory response.

The research published in Nature Medicine observed the anti-inflammatory effect of electroacupuncture on mice with endotoxemia model and multi-bacterial peritonitis model, and proved that electroacupuncture at Zusanli could reduce TNF, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, IL-6 and INF in serum of mice with endotoxemia model. Cutting sciatic nerve or vagus nerve and initial adrenal gland can block the anti-inflammatory effect of electroacupuncture. Dopamine and its receptor D1 play a role in electroacupuncture regulating inflammation.

In 2020, Chinese and American scholars jointly published the research results in Neuron, revealing that acupuncture at body surface points can induce a variety of somatic sensory-autonomic nerve-target organ reflex pathways and play a regulatory role in immunity-inflammation.

Screenshot of the page layout of Neuron magazine.

six

What are the differences between East and West?

From the above analysis, it can be seen that acupuncture is widely used in clinical treatment of diseases, and the research on acupuncture has gradually developed from traditional clinical treatment to modern experimental analysis and verification, and penetrated into modern frontier science fields. However, the purpose of clinical research in East and West is completely different.

In 1990s, in order to verify the clinical efficacy of acupuncture and provide support for health decision-making and whether acupuncture and moxibustion should be included in insurance, German federal doctors and health insurance company committees organized large-scale randomized controlled trials, RCT).

[Note: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) adopts random grouping, control and blind methods, maintains the original random grouping analysis and other measures to prevent bias, and minimizes possible bias. Therefore, RCT is considered as the gold standard for evaluating medical interventions. 】

In this experiment, "GERAC" and "ART" were set up to verify the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture in treating low back pain, knee osteoarthritis, migraine prevention and tension-type headache.

These two studies are considered to be the largest high-quality clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating pain according to modern standards, and the results were published in the famous mainstream medical journals The Lancet, JAMA, BMJ, Arch Intern Med, Ann Intern Med and BMJ. However, among the results of acupuncture randomized trials, only two proved that true acupuncture was better than false acupuncture, and six proved that false acupuncture was effective.

In China, the purpose of clinical research is often to verify or popularize that a new acupuncture treatment scheme is superior to the conventional acupuncture treatment scheme (textbook scheme), and the results are mostly positive. However, the quality of methodology is not high, especially the control of comfort acupuncture is difficult to implement. In particular, the published bias has led the international community to question the efficacy of acupuncture.

Why is there a big gap between domestic and foreign report results?

The reason is that the demand and starting point of acupuncture are different, which directly affects the research purpose and interpretation method of acupuncture RCT at home and abroad. International attention is paid to whether acupuncture is effective for a certain disease, focusing on verifying the specific efficacy caused by acupuncture. At home, RCT mainly focuses on verifying the effectiveness or superiority of acupuncture, which belongs to the comparative study of overall efficacy.

It should be noted that there are many differences between the East and the West in the study of acupuncture.

First, the theoretical basis is very different: Chinese acupuncture is guided by the basic theory of Chinese medicine and based on the theory of meridians and acupoints. However, western acupuncture does not talk about acupoints and meridians. It absorbs the research results of life science and thinks that the five major mechanisms of acupuncture are: local effect of acupuncture; The effect of acupuncture on the same spinal cord segment; The effect of acupuncture across spinal cord segments; The function of trigger point; Regulation of central nervous system.

Second, the stimulation sites are different: acupuncture in China takes acupoints as stimulation sites, and doctors need to find suitable stimulation points in acupoints by "cutting, pressing and circulating" in clinic. Western acupuncture emphasizes the stimulation point or trigger point in clinical application. The trigger point refers to the local highly sensitive tenderness point contained in the palpable tight muscle band in skeletal muscle. There is overlap between acupoints and trigger points. Although the percentage of overlap is still controversial, the overlap rate reaches 95% in the treatment of pain.

Third, the ways of stimulation are different: there are various ways of acupuncture stimulation in traditional Chinese medicine, such as filiform needle, fire needle, bloodletting, moxibustion and so on. Clinically, it pays attention to techniques and getting qi, emphasizing "qi is effective". Western acupuncture often adopts transcutaneous electrical stimulation or shallow acupuncture with weak stimulation, and the time and frequency of stimulation are also different.

Fourth, the types of diseases are different: western acupuncture and moxibustion mainly treats pain, mainly treating myofascial pain. In addition to pain, acupuncture and moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine pays more attention to the regulation of visceral function and qi and blood of the whole body, rather than simple analgesia.

Through these comparisons, we are also more clear about the current problems faced by acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine. Under the modern semantic framework, how to construct a modern acupuncture theory system with reasonable structure, clear hierarchy, clear concept and standardized expression, which can guide clinical practice, has become an important task at present, and can keep the foundation of the discipline.

seven

Is the surname of acupuncture in traditional Chinese medicine "Xi"?

In the process of acupuncture spreading to the world, modern acupuncture under the collision of East and West is facing the severe challenge of "internal troubles and foreign invasion".

In China, various acupuncture schools, techniques and special acupuncture methods are constantly emerging, and the traditional acupuncture theory of "internal anxiety" gradually loses its guiding role; In foreign countries, the embryonic form of "western medical acupuncture" has gradually taken shape, and the "medical acupuncture" whose "foreign invasion" is based on modern anatomy and physiology is gradually alienated or de-China, and the traditional acupuncture theory tends to be neglected.

Western acupuncture, which was born out of Chinese acupuncture, began to challenge the tradition in turn, leading to the query of Chinese acupuncture theories such as meridians and acupoints. This requires us to re-examine the functions and definitions of meridians and acupoints.

At the same time, the development of technology and technology is also changing the relationship between traditional medicine and patients. Under the influence of western science, which was born in industrial civilization and information age, the basic research and clinical research of acupuncture can be carried out in time through equipment.

In 2016, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) proposed the "SPARC Plan" to stimulate peripheral nerves to regulate the state of the body, that is, investing 238 million US dollars to develop peripheral nerve stimulation equipment. After the announcement of the plan, the funds of pharmaceutical companies and venture capital companies participating in the "SPARC Plan" exceeded 2 billion US dollars, and famous pharmaceutical companies such as GlaxoSmithKline and Internet giant Google all set up subsidiaries to carry out research and development.

Even, the popularity of acupuncture treatment in some developed countries has surpassed that of China.

According to the data of Arensbach Institute, an authoritative polling agency in Germany, more than 2 million Germans receive acupuncture treatment every year, and about 61% of Germans express their hope to treat diseases by combining traditional Chinese and western medicine. The number of patients receiving acupuncture treatment and the number of registered acupuncturists in the United States increased by 50% and 100% respectively from 2002 to 2012.

However, in the past 10 years, the clinical diagnosis and treatment rate of acupuncture in China has only increased by about 10 percentage points, and the number of acupuncture practitioners has increased by less than 5%.

eight

Regain self-confidence

Under the tide of globalization, acupuncture has become the forerunner of Chinese medicine to the world. Compared with Europe and America, the advantages of acupuncture in China are far from being brought into play. What should we do?

It is very important to develop and protect the intellectual property rights of traditional Chinese medicine.

In June, 2006, the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list in China was published, and the acupuncture projects jointly declared by Chinese Acupuncture Society and Acupuncture Institute of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine were listed as one of them, which created good conditions for Chinese acupuncture to declare the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage.

In the same year, China also launched the declaration of the world intangible cultural heritage of traditional Chinese medicine-with the overall content of "traditional Chinese medicine", which was named "Cognition and Practice of Life Diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine".

However, due to the rich traditional culture and philosophy of China contained in traditional Chinese medicine, its huge system, numerous schools and wide application of clinical techniques to prevent and treat diseases, in June 2009, the Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage of UNESCO decided that the declared "traditional Chinese medicine" is an intangible cultural heritage project with unclear inheritance group, and its definition is unclear, which will lead to weak protection pertinence, so it is suggested to re-declare it after revision.

After discussion, experts in the cultural heritage industry and the Chinese medicine industry decided to choose a specific category that best reflects the traditional Chinese medicine culture-Chinese medicine acupuncture to declare.

Finally, it lasted nearly four years. On November 16th, 2010, at the fifth meeting of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Nairobi, Kenya, "Acupuncture and Moxibustion of Traditional Chinese Medicine" was successfully selected into the "Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity" through deliberation.

Chinese medicine acupuncture is listed in the "representative list of human intangible cultural heritage" certificate.

In 2018, UNESCO designated November 15th as "World Acupuncture Day", which indicated that acupuncture in China has become the world acupuncture.

With the accelerating internationalization of acupuncture and moxibustion, under the challenge of "internal troubles and foreign invasion", how can Chinese acupuncture and moxibustion achieve better development?

Since ancient times, acupuncture and other external treatments of traditional Chinese medicine have occupied half of the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. Inheriting acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine can not be ignored. At the same time, under the background of modern medicine, how to realize the integration of traditional acupuncture and modern research, inherit the essence of traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture and incorporate the new knowledge of modern science? This is also a breakthrough in the development of acupuncture.

The World Health Organization (WHO) pointed out in its report "Meeting the Challenges of the 21st Century": "In the 21st century, medicine should not continue to take diseases as the main research field, but should take human health as the main research direction", emphasizing that "health is the basic right of human beings" and paying attention to the individual’s "ability to discover and develop self-health".

Today’s medicine is changing from "disease medicine" to "functional medicine", which means that the barrier of disease prevention and treatment has moved forward. Acupuncture is precisely by stimulating the body surface to achieve the regulation of human functions, mobilize the self-healing ability of the human body, and prevent it from gradually becoming an organic disease, which coincides with the current health concept.

[Note: Diseases begin with dysfunction, and usually turn into organic lesions after 10 to 30 years of pathological process. 】

We believe that when acupuncture, an ancient therapeutic method, embraces modern science, it can provide more possibilities for human health. Reducing drug abuse and side effects through acupuncture of traditional Chinese medicine, a green medical method, will put forward a distinctive Chinese plan for human health.

Wen | Jing Xianghong, Director of the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Chief Physician of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Hospital, Wang Yingying.

Editor | Wang Yiwen looked at the think tank

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Original title: "The treasures of our ancestors are being" de-China "by the West. We should be in a hurry! 》

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District People’s governments, municipal government departments and directly affiliated institutions:

　　The "Guangzhou Action Plan for Promoting Trade-in of Consumer Goods" has been agreed by the Municipal People’s Government and is hereby issued to you. Please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation. Please report the problems encountered in the implementation to the Municipal Bureau of Commerce.

Guangzhou Bureau of Commerce

June 17, 2024

Guangzhou’s Action Plan for Promoting Trade-in of Consumer Goods

　　In order to thoroughly implement the relevant decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, According to the Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Action Plan for Promoting Large-scale Equipment Renewal and Consumer Goods Trade-in (Guo Fa [2024] No.7), the Notice of the Ministry of Commerce and other 14 departments on Printing and Distributing the Action Plan for Promoting Consumer Goods Trade-in (Shang Consumer Development [2024] No.58) and the Notice of the General Office of the People’s Government of Guangdong Province on Printing and Distributing the Action Plan for Promoting Consumer Goods Trade-in (Guangdong)

　　I. Guiding ideology and work objectives

　　Focusing on Guangzhou’s task of accelerating the cultivation and construction of an international consumption center city, we will anchor the pursuit of "the vanguard, the leader and the locomotive", persist in deepening the structural reform on the supply side, focus on expanding the synergy of effective demand, conform to the new situation and trend of the consumer market, take standards as the traction, policies as the incentive and smooth circulation as the driving force, and promote more high-quality durable consumer goods to enter residents’ lives, and promote consumption to shift from post-epidemic recovery to continuous expansion.

　　By grasping the opportunity of the state to encourage the promotion of trade-in of consumer goods, we will increase policy guidance and support, comprehensively promote the high-quality economic development of Guangzhou, and lead the implementation of new quality productivity. Strive to accelerate the elimination of passenger cars registered with emission standards of Grade III and below in the country of use by 2025, and further improve the utilization rate structure of energy-efficient new energy vehicles and hybrid vehicles; The standardized recycling and dismantling of scrapped cars in the city increased by 50% compared with 2023, reaching 72,000 vehicles. Further improve the recycling system and build 10 green sorting centers through new construction or upgrading. By 2027, the standard recycling and dismantling volume of scrapped cars in the city will increase by two times compared with that in 2023, reaching about 80,000 vehicles, accounting for more than 10% of the total recycling in the province. Reasonable layout of waste household appliances and other renewable resources recycling outlets, the city’s recycling outlets reached 3000, covering 100%.

　　Second, carry out automobile trade-in.

　　Starting from strengthening the construction of circular system of automobile industry and expanding automobile consumption, we should increase policy support, unblock circulation, and promote automobile consumption step by step and update consumption.

　　(1) Increase financial and monetary policy support. Accelerate the implementation of the national automobile trade-in campaign, carry out the "scrapping and updating" activities of automobiles throughout the city, and organize qualified consumers to apply for subsidies through the "national unified automobile trade-in system". The city carried out the "replacement and renewal" activities of automobiles in the way of "government support and profit-making by enterprises", organized eligible consumers to apply for subsidies through the "unified automobile trade-in system in the city", and mobilized the whole city’s automobile manufacturers and dealers to superimpose car purchase concessions to make profits. Encourage financial institutions to increase the support of automobile consumption credit under the premise of legal compliance and controllable risks, and reasonably determine the down payment ratio, interest rate level and loan term of passenger car loans; Encourage financial institutions to optimize financial products and services to better support reasonable automobile consumption demand. Encourage insurance institutions to further enrich auto insurance products and services, optimize the pricing mechanism of new energy auto insurance, and provide effective and sufficient risk protection for consumers. (Municipal Finance Office, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, Municipal Taxation Bureau, Guangdong Branch of the People’s Bank of China, and Guangdong Supervision Bureau of the State Financial Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities, which are implemented by the district governments. The following tasks need to be implemented by the district governments, and they will not be listed one by one.)

　　(two) strict implementation of automobile scrap recycling standards. Strictly implement the provisions of motor vehicle scrapping standards and the requirements of vehicle safety and environmental protection inspection standards, strengthen the compliance inspection of vehicles driving on the road, strengthen the standardized inspection and verification of motor vehicle inspection stations, and eliminate old cars that meet the mandatory scrapping standards according to laws and regulations. On the basis of fully respecting the wishes of the masses, guide car owners to comprehensively consider fuel consumption, failure rate, maintenance cost, vehicle salvage value and scrapping renewal subsidies, and independently eliminate old cars that meet the standards for guiding scrapping. (The Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce and the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(3) Improve the recycling and dismantling system for scrapped motor vehicles. Guide the recycling and dismantling enterprises of scrapped motor vehicles to optimize the regional layout, support qualified enterprises to set up recycling service outlets according to their needs, improve the comprehensive recycling service platform, improve work efficiency, and build a four-level recycling and dismantling system of "owner-recycling outlets-dismantling enterprises-comprehensive resource utilization enterprises". Encourage scrapped motor vehicle recycling and dismantling enterprises to extend the industrial chain of downstream steel, non-ferrous metals and parts remanufacturing, and improve the comprehensive utilization capacity of resources. Encourage scrapped motor vehicle recycling and dismantling enterprises to expand the "internet plus Recycling" business with the help of relevant information platforms and mobile applications, and guide and promote the use of the "Guangzhou Traffic Police" WeChat official account reservation motor vehicle recycling system to facilitate car owners to sell scrapped cars and choose qualified scrapped automobile enterprises in this city for recycling. Strengthen the coordinated supervision of departments, standardize the business behavior of scrapped motor vehicle recycling and dismantling enterprises through inspection methods such as "double random, one open" and "four no two straight", continuously intensify efforts to crack down on illegal dismantling activities, and maintain the development order of the industry. Supervise and urge enterprises to implement the pre-recycling nuclear file mechanism to prevent vehicles from being cancelled normally due to illegal or mortgaged reasons. Continue to carry out the identification of green development enterprises for the recycling and dismantling of scrapped motor vehicles. (The Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Bureau of Planning and Natural Resources, the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce and the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(4) Improve the service level of second-hand car circulation. We will continue to implement convenient measures to support the circulation and trading of used cars. For automobile sales enterprises that have been filed on the unified platform of the business system of the Ministry of Commerce to purchase used cars from natural persons, enterprises are allowed to issue unified invoices for used car sales in reverse and handle the transfer registration procedures accordingly. Actively promote the establishment of motor vehicle registration service stations in qualified second-hand car distribution enterprises, improve supporting services, and provide consumers with "one-stop" services such as trading, tax payment, registration and insurance. Encourage automobile manufacturers to develop and build a testing platform for new energy used car power batteries to ensure the performance and safety of new energy used car batteries. Guide the second-hand car distribution enterprises to provide a display vehicle condition table, express the basic information, price, important configuration and other contents of the vehicle, and promote the safe trading and honest management of second-hand cars. (The Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce and the Municipal Taxation Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(5) Further promote the export of used cars. Implement the "Several Measures for Guangzhou to Further Improve the Export Facilitation of Used Cars and Promote the High-quality Development of Foreign Trade", and improve the level of facilitation in vehicle transaction registration, license application, port customs clearance, vehicle cancellation, export tax rebate and other links. Encourage automobile production and circulation enterprises to carry out second-hand car export business and support qualified enterprises to build a comprehensive service base or platform for second-hand car export. Encourage enterprises to explore the international market, build marketing networks and after-sales service outlets in major target markets, and guide the after-sales supporting industrial chain to the sea. Increase support for export services and finance, give full play to the role of professional organizations such as trade associations, strengthen policy propaganda and practical business guidance, and give practical and effective support in overseas market compliance and industry information. (The Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Bureau of Transportation, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce, the Municipal Taxation Bureau and the Guangzhou Customs of the General Administration of Customs are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(6) Cultivate and expand the business entities of used cars. Promote the regulation of the main body of the second-hand car sales market, and give certain rewards to the second-hand car sales enterprises that reach the threshold of the regulation and complete the first statistical data submission. Encourage automobile production enterprises to carry out second-hand car replacement and manufacturer certification, and guide second-hand car distribution enterprises to make good use of the reverse invoicing policy, and change from "brokerage mode" to "distribution mode" to standardize their operations and become bigger and stronger. Give full play to the role of industry associations, strengthen policy propaganda and related business guidance, and accelerate the construction of compliance system for used car industry. (The Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce, the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau and the Municipal Taxation Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(seven) to further promote the innovation and development of automobile consumption. Promote the green consumption of automobiles, increase the incremental indicators of energy-saving vehicles and relax the qualifications for non-local household registration personnel to apply for incremental indicators of energy-saving vehicles. Further improve the infrastructure such as charging, parking and intelligent transportation, accelerate the upgrading of charging facilities such as residential communities, parking lots, expressway service areas and passenger transport hubs, guide the rational optimization of layout, and improve the convenience of charging. Expand the supply of parking spaces in cities, and further improve the supply level of parking spaces for residential construction projects according to the requirements of Guangzhou Construction Project Parking Spaces Allocation Index Regulations. Improve the information sharing mechanism between departments and promote the public use of non-confidential and non-private information in the automotive field. Guide enterprises to carry out automobile maintenance, modification, leasing and cultural events according to laws and regulations, and create a number of influential and dynamic automobile aftermarket projects. (Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Transportation Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Municipal Taxation Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Planning and Natural Resources, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film and Television Tourism, and Municipal Sports Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(eight) to create a car to promote consumption boom. Mobilize industry associations, automobile production and distribution enterprises, news media, financial institutions, used car enterprises, automobile modification enterprises, etc. to participate in online and offline linkage, and encourage cross-industry innovation and integration to hold automobile-related theme activities around automobile culture, events, go on road trip, car experience, new car tasting and other hot spots in the automobile industry. Encourage all districts to continue to hold automobile consumption festivals and set off an automobile consumption boom. Actively use all kinds of media channels, focus on automobile consumption promotion policies and activities, increase publicity and promotion, and stimulate consumers’ willingness to buy cars. (The Municipal Bureau of Culture, Radio, Film and Television Tourism, the Municipal Sports Bureau, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce, the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, and the Propaganda Department of the Municipal Party Committee are responsible for the division of responsibilities) 　　　

　　Third, carry out the trade-in of home appliances

　　Highlight the improvement of the household appliance trade-in cycle system. It is convenient for residents to deliver used household appliances, improve the recycling system of used household appliances, open up the blocking points of household appliances recycling, encourage green, intelligent and low-carbon household appliances to be replaced with new ones, and smooth the consumption cycle of household appliances renewal.

　　(nine) to carry out the activities of household appliances to benefit the people. Organize the city’s green smart home appliance replacement activities, and subsidize consumers to deliver used home appliances and buy new green smart home appliances. We will mobilize enterprises producing and selling household appliances, industry associations and financial institutions to participate in many ways, encourage enterprises to make profits by overlapping, guide financial institutions to launch green smart household appliances consumption financial products under the premise of legal compliance and controllable risks, tailor-made exclusive consumer credit schemes for consumers, and encourage the rational development of special financing products such as preferential interest rates and flexible staging. (The Municipal Finance Office, the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, the Municipal Finance Bureau, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce, and the Guangdong Supervision Bureau of the State Financial Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(10) Increase policy support. On the basis of implementing the current relevant tax policies, we will implement the reverse billing policy for those who sell waste household appliances to natural persons by resource recycling enterprises. Encourage financial institutions to increase investment and financing support for enterprises and key projects related to waste household appliances recycling and household appliances trade-in. Guide financial institutions to provide targeted financial services for enterprises producing and selling green, intelligent and low-carbon household appliances, and increase financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises. Guide all districts to bring waste household appliances recycling facilities into the scope of local public infrastructure land, and ensure the reasonable land demand and the long-term and stability of land use. (Municipal Finance Office, Municipal Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, Municipal Taxation Bureau, Guangdong Branch of the People’s Bank of China, and Guangdong Supervision Bureau of the State Financial Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(eleven) optimize the recycling system of used household appliances. Improve the recycling system of renewable resources such as used household appliances, take the convenience of urban and rural residents to sell used household appliances as the core, combine the different characteristics of cities and rural areas, make full use of recycling outlets, "two networks integration" outlets, street (town) transfer stations and green sorting centers, and rationally arrange the recycling system. Encourage recycling enterprises to "extend their tentacles" and promote professional and standardized recycling services into the streets and communities. Cultivate leading enterprises in recycling renewable resources such as waste household appliances, support industry associations to recommend the list of waste household appliances recycling enterprises, and cooperate with enterprises such as home appliance manufacturers, supermarkets and e-commerce platforms to carry out waste household appliances recycling services. Typical cities applying for recycling system of renewable resources such as used household appliances will further improve the recycling system of used household appliances through typical exploration and point-to-point, and give encouragement and support to typical enterprises evaluated by the Ministry of Commerce. (The Municipal Bureau of Commerce, the Municipal Urban Management Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau and the Municipal Supply and Marketing Federation are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(twelve) increase the cultivation of diversified recycling subjects. Guide home appliance manufacturers to implement the extended producer responsibility system, and actively mobilize enterprises to participate in the second batch of home appliance manufacturers to recycle the target responsibility system. Encourage home appliance manufacturers, supermarkets, e-commerce platforms and other enterprises to strengthen cooperation with recycling enterprises, and carry out waste home appliances recycling while selling new home appliances. Encourage the supply and marketing system to give full play to the advantages of the business service network, and actively participate in activities such as home appliances going to the countryside and trade in old ones. Support recycling enterprises to carry out "internet plus recycling" with the help of information platforms and mobile applications. Encourage enterprises to strengthen industry self-discipline and independent innovation, chain operation, agreement cooperation, etc., to implement chain operation, standardization and standardization, and cultivate a number of leading recycling enterprises. (The Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce and the Municipal Supply and Marketing Corporation are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(thirteen) to strengthen the support of household appliances standards. Encourage enterprises to lead and participate in the formulation of relevant international standards for smart home appliances and core components, and improve the internationalization level of products. Guide household appliance manufacturers to increase the supply of green, intelligent and low-carbon household appliances in accordance with relevant standards, and promote industrial upgrading and product green transformation. Guide household appliance manufacturers and industry associations to compile the catalogue of safe service life of products, widely publicize the safety risks of used household appliances and the environmental protection problems of high-energy-consuming household appliances, publicize the suggestions on the service life of household appliances, and guide the accelerated upgrading of used household appliances. Support renewable resources industry associations and recycling enterprises to initiate and participate in the revision of relevant standards, make good use of relevant standards, and carry out standardized and standardized recycling. (The Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau and the Municipal Bureau of Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(fourteen) smooth the circulation channels of second-hand goods. Encourage production and circulation enterprises such as electrical and electronic products to develop second-hand recycling business and expand the scale of second-hand commodity transactions. Promote the standardized construction and operation of offline entity second-hand market according to local conditions. Encourage the development of "internet plus second-hand" and after-sale repurchase models, and cultivate a number of leading enterprises in the circulation of second-hand commodities with convenient service, standardization and high efficiency. Strengthen the supervision and management of second-hand commodity trading enterprises, business behavior and market order, standardize the trading behavior of second-hand commodities, support the establishment of second-hand commodity industry organizations, encourage second-hand commodity trading enterprises to carry out industry self-discipline, establish recycling information ledger and sales registration, and do a good job in popularizing the knowledge of recovering stolen goods. (The Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce, the Municipal Public Security Bureau and the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(15) Improve the after-sales service level in an all-round way. In-depth implementation of home appliance after-sales promotion actions, and continue to select a number of leading enterprises in home appliance after-sales service. Guide after-sales enterprises such as home appliance repair to expand service coverage. Organize home appliance after-sales service enterprises and recycling enterprises to strengthen cooperation and jointly improve the service level. Guide relevant industry associations and enterprises to introduce home appliance service standards and promote the standardized development of services. (The Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce and the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　Fourth, promote the "rejuvenation" of home improvement kitchen and bathroom

　　Highlight the expansion of renovation and renovation of stock houses, promote the replacement of home-improvement kitchen and bathroom consumer goods, foster new growth points of green smart home consumption, and continuously release the potential of home consumption.

　　(sixteen) increase policy support. Encourage qualified districts to support residents to carry out renovation of old houses, local renovation of kitchens and bathrooms and aging renovation of homes, and subsidize the purchase of green smart home products such as green intelligent furniture and green building materials. Combined with the work related to the basic old-age service in the home community, we will cultivate the main body of home aging transformation and drive more families to carry out aging transformation. Guide financial institutions to develop financial products for the "rejuvenation" of home improvement and kitchen, and reasonably determine the repayment method, term and loan amount under the premise of legal compliance and risk control. Simplify the approval process for home improvement companies to start work, and facilitate residents to handle family decoration procedures. (Municipal Finance Office, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, Civil Affairs Bureau, Guangdong Branch of the People’s Bank of China, and Guangdong Supervision Bureau of the State Financial Supervision Bureau are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　(seventeen) the development of community convenience services. With the help of the pilot work of the city’s 15-minute convenience living circle, property service enterprises are encouraged to set up "home improvement convenience service points" to provide temporary storage of furniture, home improvement market information consultation and other services to facilitate residents’ housing decoration. Guide leading home improvement enterprises to carry out special home improvement promotion activities for old communities. Guide residential property service enterprises to provide convenience for decorating vehicles, recycling vehicles and other vehicles entering and leaving the residential area. Support enterprises to provide home consumer goods, such as furniture, kitchen and bathroom, with the services of "sending new products" and "collecting old products", and promote the "internet plus recycling" model to meet the diverse needs of the masses. (The Municipal Development and Reform Commission, the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau and the Municipal Bureau of Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(eighteen) to cultivate new growth points of green smart home consumption. Support enterprises to produce marketable green smart home products around the new scene of home consumption. Accelerate the construction of digital home and develop relevant standards for digital home. Encourage relevant industry associations to speed up the production, certification and popularization and application of green building materials. Encourage home improvement enterprises to launch online and offline home improvement model rooms, and promote model rooms to enter shopping malls, communities and platforms. (The Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology, the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau and the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(nineteen) standardize the market order. We will crack down on counterfeiting, cutting corners and price fraud in the fields of home improvement and home consumption according to law. Incorporate the home improvement and home furnishing industries into the selection activities of typical cases of developing business with integrity in Guangdong Province, and recommend to declare the typical cases of "developing business with integrity" in China. Encourage home improvement industry associations to explore the implementation of the industry "blacklist" system, formulate home improvement acceptance standards, and guide market players to operate in good faith. Guide home improvement enterprises to strengthen the training of employees and improve the quality of after-sales service. (The Municipal Market Supervision Bureau, the Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau and the Municipal Bureau of Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　V. Organizational guarantee　 　　

　　(twenty) to strengthen organizational leadership. The Municipal Bureau of Commerce, the Municipal Finance Bureau, and the Municipal Bureau of Industry and Information Technology will take the lead in promoting the implementation of work tasks in conjunction with relevant departments, strengthen work coordination, establish a work contact system, study major problems encountered in the trade-in of consumer goods, and assign special personnel to take charge of related work and solve problems in time. All departments should attach great importance to the trade-in of consumer goods, clarify work objectives, strengthen urban linkage, refine the division of tasks, compact responsibilities at different levels, and do a good job in implementation.

　　(twenty-one) to strengthen the protection of funds and factors. All relevant departments take the initiative to connect with the relevant policies and funds of the central and provincial governments, strengthen reporting to the higher authorities on the actual situation of our city, and actively strive for policies and financial support for trade-in of various consumer goods. Provide land support for the construction of recycling system of automobiles and household appliances according to laws and regulations, and provide technical and data support for automobile sales invoice data, scrap automobile recycling certificate and automobile registration information needed for trade-in activities of consumer goods.

　　(twenty-two) to promote overall activities. Implement the relevant arrangements of "Consumption Promotion Year", actively hold consumption festivals and themed consumption promotion activities around the themes of automobiles, household appliances, home furnishing and home improvement, organize industry associations, production enterprises, distributors, financial institutions and insurance institutions to participate together, carry out joint profit-making promotion activities, form a policy combination boxing, stimulate market vitality, guide industry orderly competition, and create a fiery consumption atmosphere.

　　(twenty-three) to strengthen publicity and guidance. Publish information on the trade-in policy of consumer goods through the official media. Give play to the role of various media platforms, industry associations and institutions, strengthen policy publicity and interpretation at multiple levels and through multiple channels, and expand policy influence and coverage.

　　(twenty-four) to strengthen supervision and implementation. All relevant departments should formulate implementation plans according to specific work arrangements. All districts should earnestly do a good job in compliance guidance for the trade-in of consumer goods, strengthen risk prevention and control, and prevent local protection and enterprises from taking the opportunity to raise prices. It is not allowed to require the designated enterprises to sell used cars and household appliances, and it is not allowed to set up a subsidy catalogue with regional and technical product directionality.

Cctv newsAccording to the news of National Health Commission website on September 21st, the Health China Action Promotion Office, the General Office of the National Health and Wellness Commission and the Office of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine issued the Implementation Plan for the Special Activities of Health Promotion of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Healthy China Action, which proposed to carry out the activities of health promotion of traditional Chinese medicine for women and children. Give play to the important role of Chinese medicine in prenatal and postnatal care, maternal and child health care and children’s growth and development. Clinics for prenatal and postnatal care are widely set up in Chinese medicine hospitals above the second level (including hospitals of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and minority medical hospitals, the same below). In maternal and child health care institutions to carry out Chinese medicine services, by 2025, the proportion of tertiary and secondary maternal and child health care hospitals to carry out Chinese medicine specialist services will reach 90% and 70%. Encourage qualified medical and health institutions to standardize the development of pediatric massage and support medical staff to participate in pediatric massage training. Increase the popularity of children’s massage health knowledge, let parents know the indications and precautions of children’s massage, and teach and promote methods such as chiropractic and Zusanli, which are easy for parents to operate. Strengthen the health management of children’s traditional Chinese medicine in basic public health services. By 2025, the health management rate of children’s traditional Chinese medicine will reach 85%.

Jin Zhuanglong, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, recently published a signed article in study times. The article points out that developing new quality productivity is a strategic choice to seize the commanding heights of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, open up new fields and new tracks for development, cultivate new kinetic energy for development, and enhance new competitive advantages. It is also an inherent requirement and an important focus for promoting new industrialization.

At the same time, the article points out that at present, China’s development has entered a period in which strategic opportunities and risk challenges coexist and uncertain and unpredictable factors increase, and the promotion of new industrialization faces complex and severe internal and external situations.

First, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has profoundly changed the global industrial development and division of labor. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are booming, and a new generation of information technology, new energy, new materials, biotechnology and other fields are making rapid progress. Artificial intelligence has become a key variable for future development and will profoundly change the global industrial development and division of labor pattern. After decades of unremitting efforts, China has formed a first-Mover advantage in some key areas such as the new generation of information technology and new energy, and is more capable and qualified than ever to seize the opportunity in this round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation.

Second, the increasingly fierce competition among big countries has profoundly changed the external environment for China’s development. In recent years, the United States has adjusted its strategy toward China and engaged in "small courtyard and high wall" and "decoupling and breaking the chain", which has continuously intensified the containment and suppression of China’s technological progress and industrial upgrading. At the same time, some emerging economies and developing countries actively undertake international industrial transfer and accelerate the process of industrialization. The external environment of China’s manufacturing industry has undergone profound changes.

Third, China’s industry has entered a critical period of climbing the hill, becoming stronger from big to strong, and accelerating its March to the high end of the global value chain. China has become a big manufacturing country, but the problems of "big but not strong" and insufficient development imbalance are still outstanding. Some key core technologies are subject to people, and there are still many shortcomings and weaknesses in the supply of high-quality products and industrial basic capabilities. Enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, still have many difficulties in production and operation.

The article points out that at the same time, we should also see that the development of new industrialization has many favorable conditions. China is in the stage of rapid development of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, with a super-large domestic demand market of more than 1.4 billion people and more than 400 million middle-income groups, rich application scenarios, the most complete industrial system in the world, more than 58 million enterprises with complementary advantages and competing development, more than 700 million laborers, more than 240 million skilled talents and abundant human resources of 12 million college graduates every year, and the advantages of a socialist system that concentrates on doing great things.

The article emphasizes that we should do our best to implement the key tasks of new industrialization.Fully promote the steady growth of industrial economy.Industry plays a "ballast stone" role in stabilizing the macro-economic market. Make overall plans and comprehensive policies, strive to promote the steady growth of industrial economy, and keep the proportion of manufacturing industry in GDP basically stable. Do a good job in policy "combination boxing", thoroughly implement the steady growth plan of ten key industries, and continue to play the role of "pillar" of major industrial provinces and key provinces and cities. We will do a good job in promoting the implementation of the implementation plan for equipment renewal in the industrial field, further accelerate the implementation of major projects planned in the 14 th Five-Year Plan, and expand effective industrial investment. In-depth implementation of consumer goods "improving quality, increasing varieties and creating brands" and activities of new energy vehicles, green building materials and home appliances going to the countryside, boosting mass consumption, and actively cultivating new growth points such as smart homes and domestic products. Stabilize and expand the export of industrial products, consolidate and develop the "new three kinds" and create more export growth points.

Focus on improving the resilience and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain.An independent, controllable, safe and reliable industrial system is the prerequisite and strategic support for new industrialization. We will make overall plans to make up for shortcomings, forge long boards and strengthen foundations, fully implement high-quality development actions of key manufacturing industrial chains, and continuously enhance the toughness and competitiveness of industrial chains. In-depth implementation of industrial base reconstruction projects and major technical equipment research projects, integrated deployment, full chain promotion, "turning points into beads, beads into chains", breaking through a number of strategic landmark equipment, and continuously improving industrial base capabilities. Strengthen application traction, make good use of the first (set) of the first batch of inferior policies, and accelerate the promotion and application of innovative products and iterative upgrading. Optimize the layout of industrial chain, thoroughly implement the strategy of regional coordinated development and the strategy of main functional areas, implement special actions for the development of advanced manufacturing clusters, create a number of national new industrialization demonstration zones, give better play to the role of various parks, promote the orderly transfer of manufacturing industries in China, and promote the formation of regional industrial layout with complementary advantages and high-quality development.

　　Comprehensively improve the ability of industrial scientific and technological innovation.Innovation is the fundamental driving force to promote new industrialization. Strengthen the deep integration of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, enhance the ability of industrial scientific and technological innovation, give birth to new industries, new models and new formats, and develop new quality productivity. We will implement major projects of scientific and technological innovation, explore new national systems and models, and push forward major strategic technologies and product research. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation, promote the gathering of various innovative elements to enterprises, promote the accelerated growth of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, and cultivate a number of leading scientific and technological enterprises. Further optimize the network of innovation platforms, increase support for manufacturing innovation centers, and build a number of experimental verification platforms and pilot platforms. Strengthen the support of industrial science and technology innovation services, improve the development policy of science and technology service industry, promote the deep integration of advanced manufacturing industry and modern service industry, and create an upgraded version of the "Torch" brand. Promote the national high-tech industrial development zone to improve quality and efficiency, give play to the role of the national independent innovation demonstration zone, and build a world-leading science and technology park and innovative highland.

　　Promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is the inherent requirement of new industrialization. Closely around the construction of a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone, adhere to both the old and the new, and promote the manufacturing industry to the middle and high end of the global value chain. Implement the guiding opinions on accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, implement the excellent quality project of manufacturing industry, and enhance the position and competitiveness of traditional industries in the global industrial division of labor. Accelerate the extension and replenishment of strong chains in the fields of rail transit and power equipment, enhance the competitiveness of the whole industrial chain, and consolidate and enhance the leading position of advantageous industries. Make good use of the large domestic market and rich application scenarios, systematically promote technological innovation, large-scale development and application scenario construction in the fields of 5G, intelligent networked vehicles, new energy, new materials and high-end equipment, and promote the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries. Implement the implementation opinions to promote the future industrial innovation and development, create iconic products, promote the research and development and application promotion of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, humanoid robots, metauniverse, next-generation Internet, 6G, quantum information, bio-manufacturing and deep-sea aerospace development, and build new advantages for future development.

　　Promote artificial intelligence to empower new industrialization.The vigorous development and accelerated iteration of generative artificial intelligence have emerged in R&D, design, manufacturing and other fields and become an important driving force for new industrialization. Promote digital industrialization, improve the development level of integrated circuits and key software, and accelerate the integration and innovation of 5G, Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data and virtual reality. Implement the digital transformation of manufacturing industry, carry out pilot projects of digital transformation cities for small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the popularization and application of new generation information technology in the whole chain of manufacturing industry. Promote the innovative application of artificial intelligence, with the deep integration of general artificial intelligence and manufacturing as the main line, intelligent manufacturing as the main direction and scene application as the traction, accelerate the intelligent upgrading of key industries, develop intelligent products, create an innovative ecology, and empower new industrialization at a high level. We will continue to build new infrastructure such as 5G, data center and computing power in a moderate advance, carry out the innovation and development project of industrial Internet in depth, deepen the integration and innovation of "5G+ industrial Internet", and build a number of industrial Internet platforms with global competitiveness.

　　Comprehensively promote the green development of industry.Green and low carbon is the ecological background of new industrialization. We will implement the peak carbon dioxide emissions implementation plan for industrial fields and key industries, improve the industrial energy consumption structure, accelerate the research and development and promotion of energy-saving and carbon-reducing technologies, and make overall plans to promote peak carbon dioxide emissions in key industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, petrochemicals and chemicals. Build a green manufacturing and service system, implement green manufacturing projects in depth, build a number of green factories, green industrial parks and green supply chains, strengthen green manufacturing, accelerate the development of green low-carbon industries, and promote the electrification transformation of inland rivers and offshore ships. Promote resource conservation and efficient utilization, comprehensively implement circular production methods, and promote circular links and collaborative utilization among enterprises, parks, industries and regions. Accelerate the construction of a resource recycling system and promote the standardized development of renewable resources comprehensive utilization industry.

　　Enhance the comprehensive strength and competitiveness of enterprises.In the final analysis, industrial development depends on enterprises, and enterprises can be strong in industry. Adhere to the "Two Unswervings" and cultivate more world-class enterprises with international competitiveness. Make state-owned enterprises stronger and better, encourage and guide central enterprises to be the "chain owners" of the industrial chain, enhance their core functions and improve their core competitiveness. Promote the development of private economy and cultivate a number of head enterprises with ecological dominance and industrial chain control. Adhere to equal emphasis on management and service, give equal attention to development and assistance, improve the working system, policies and regulations system, service system and operation monitoring system of small and medium-sized enterprises, and cultivate more specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises, "little giant" enterprises and single champion enterprises in manufacturing industry. Improve the long-term mechanism to solve the problem of arrears of accounts of small and medium-sized enterprises. Promote the development of large, medium and small enterprises, guide large enterprises to open scenarios and innovative elements to small and medium-sized enterprises, support and promote the innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises, and build an enterprise innovation and development ecology in which large, medium and small enterprises are interdependent and mutually promoting.

　　Improve the modernization level of industrial governance.Unswervingly deepen reform and open wider to the outside world, improve and perfect the institutional mechanism and policy environment to promote the high-quality development of manufacturing industry, and upgrade the modernization level of industrial governance system and governance capacity. Adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform, promote the construction of a unified national market, deepen the reform of factor marketization, accelerate the cultivation of new factor markets such as data, and guide resource elements such as technology, capital and talents to concentrate on the real economy, especially the manufacturing industry. Expand high-level opening up, make good use of domestic and international markets and resources, "bring in" with higher quality and "go out" with higher level, and cultivate new advantages for China to participate in international cooperation and competition. Improve industrial policies, optimize the implementation methods of industrial policies, and strengthen the coordination between industrial policies and policies such as finance, finance, trade and talents. Strengthen accurate and effective financial services, deepen the integration of production and operation, and promote a virtuous circle of science and technology industry finance. We will build a team of high-quality talents and train a large number of outstanding engineers, craftsmen from big countries and more highly skilled talents. Improve the legal system of industry and informatization, and strengthen the construction of standard system. Inherit and carry forward the great spirit and fine traditions such as the spirit of "two bombs and one satellite", manned spaceflight, entrepreneurship and craftsman spirit, and condense the majestic power to promote new industrialization.

　　Crayfish moon cake.

　　"Expression Pack" moon cake.

　　Dark moon cakes.

　　"Nothing to do" moon cakes.

　　It is getting closer and closer to the Mid-Autumn Festival. The reporter of Yangzi Evening News visited the market yesterday and found that there are many strange moon cakes in this year’s moon cake market. Crayfish and hairtail become mooncake fillings, online celebrity’s expression can be customized into mooncake skin, and the mooncake can be used as a dressing table after eating the box … … Will you choose these moon cakes?

　　Intern Li Yixin Yangzi Evening News All-Media Reporter Liu Yang

　　Let’s take a look

　　These "brain-opening" moon cakes

　　"Crayfish Moon Cake" became online celebrity this year.

　　When it comes to the most "online celebrity" moon cakes this year, it must be crayfish moon cakes. At the entrance of a snack shop of a chain brand on the street in Nanjing, many posters are hung to promote "lobster moon cakes". In Shanghai, time-honored brands including Shen Dacheng and Wang Baohe have launched spicy crayfish moon cakes and braised crayfish moon cakes. The price of a box of six varies from 80 to 90 yuan to more than 100 yuan, which can be mailed to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. Reservations are required.

　　Yangzi Evening News reporter saw that the appearance of lobster moon cakes is similar to that of Soviet-style moon cakes. After opening, several pieces of crayfish balls can be clearly seen in the middle, and the publicity pictures look quite attractive. So, is this seemingly wonderful taste really delicious?

　　After the interview, the reporter found that in the purchase evaluation of this moon cake, the voices of netizens are mixed. Some people think that the taste is very good, especially the shrimp ball stuffing inside, which has the flavor of crayfish and is worth a try. Some people feel that the taste is average, just experience it, and it is not advisable to eat more. In fact, most people follow the trend of "online celebrity" to buy them. People are tired of eating thirteen-fragrant and spicy crayfish, and they are rushing to try them.

　　Coincidentally, there are also moon cakes with hairtail and salted fish sold online, which also use water products as fillings. However, what is the market acceptance of these two models? At present, the sales volume is not ideal. In addition, there are bird’s nest moon cakes, black wolfberry moon cakes, foie gras moon cakes, etc. This year, all the ingredients you want can be made in the moon cakes.

　　The "online celebrity emoticon pack" is on the moon cake skin.

　　Every year in the moon cake season, there will be innovations in various fillings, but there are still many articles on moon cake skins this year.

　　Not long ago, Crystal, a star, took a selfie with a rose moon cake. The dough of this moon cake was made in the shape of a rose, and it was red, which was called beautiful by netizens. In fact, a chain coffee brand also sold similar moon cakes this year. A five-color, red and yellow skin was made into the shape of a rose, which was placed on a plate like a blooming flower with a high value.

　　The expression packs of wild girls are now circulating all over the internet, but have you ever seen the expression packs on moon cakes? The reporter saw a mooncake package in an online shop, and its mooncake shapes are all popular expression packs in Weibo — — God bothers the dog, Minister Kumamoto, Meng Forced Face and online celebrity Frog. The store told reporters that the biggest feature of their products is that their brains are wide open. Now the use of expression packs is very common, and many young people who follow the trend will like it.

　　This year’s popular mooncake crust also has a long history of iced mooncakes, which originated from bread cakes in taipan, Hong Kong. The crust is made of glutinous rice flour and flour, and there is no oil. Usually it should be refrigerated and frozen, and it is refreshing to eat in summer.

　　Don’t throw moon cakes after they are packaged! The gift box can be reused.

　　Once upon a time, the over-packaging of moon cakes was repeatedly criticized. This year, reporters also saw that there was less over-packaging, but some interesting packaging actually increased.

　　In addition to dark moon cakes, the moon cake gift box launched by Hilton Wanda Hotel this year is especially attractive to girls. After eating the moon cakes, the gift box can become a dressing table, which can not only set up a mirror, but also cascade small drawers with pull rings. Another moon cake box was made into a desk storage box, and the blue classical meticulous painting pattern is also quite tasteful.

　　Another moon cake produced by the hotel abandoned the paper packaging box and chose a non-woven handbag. After eating the moon cake, the handbag can continue to be used. Other moon cakes tend to be "luxury" on the box.

　　A moon cake called Diablo also attracted some male consumers. Mr. Liu, an IT practitioner, said that he bought this moon cake because of its appearance. Its gift box packaging is also very strange, making it look like a shining moon. It is said that the design concept is to present the bright moon in dark style.

　　Selling creativity, this mooncake is called "Nothing to do"

　　A few days ago, Miss Lu, a white-collar worker, exposed a moon cake sent by a friend in a circle of friends, named "Nothing to do". There are three big black letters "Be sincere" written on the white handbag, and a row of small characters reads "Mid-Autumn Festival cookies with nothing to do when you are full", which contains nine moon cakes with different flavors. The most special thing is that the attached gifts are some stickers printed with the words "for you", "I’m full" and "nothing to do" in various colors.

　　In addition, there is red paper that can be folded into a mooncake box, which can be folded and packaged by the buyers themselves, and then the mooncakes are put into it and given to relatives and friends with corresponding stickers. According to Miss Lu, this mooncake was bought from the Internet. It is said that it was created by a media person with the name "nothing to do" because happiness means "nothing to do".

　　The Yangzi Evening News reporter learned that creative mooncakes like this have emerged in an endless stream in the past two years, especially on some platforms in Wechat business. For example, "Luo Ji Thinking" once launched a "true love moon cake". Compared with ordinary moon cakes, this kind of moon cakes sell more creativity, and the audience is more fans of the platform.

　"Love is a difficult problem, which makes people dazzled." Love is the most special part of personal experience and the most interesting topic in the social field. Luman, a contemporary sociologist, is aware of the social theoretical benefits of love phenomenon and has stepped into the research theme of love since the beginning of his academic career. In the winter semester of 1968, Adorno chose "love" as the teaching theme when he acted as the sociology chair of Frankfurt University.

Luhmann is a representative figure of German sociology system science, and is regarded as one of the few sociologists who have changed their "paradigm". After investigating the evolution of historical semantics of love since the 17th century, Luhmann, with two theoretical clues of sociology of knowledge and communication media theory, presented the process of love as a communication medium differentiating from society.

Recently, the Chinese translation of Love as Passion: About Intimacy Coding by Lu Man was published by East China Normal University Press. This book is the most popular work of Luhmann, and the "phenomenology of love" he established in the book plays an important role in his system theory. For Luhmann, love is a relationship with extremely low probability and an excellent paradox system. On the one hand, people worship ideal love, on the other hand, they realize its emptiness. There is no communication about the authenticity of love, only self-understanding. Uncertainty and high risk are both the source of tragedy and vitality of love. Love plays an integrated role through the paradox mechanism, making people learn to adapt to the paradox world.

Love as Passion: Coding for Intimacy

Recently, Fan Jin, a translator and professor of Chinese Department of East China Normal University, together with Ye Zhudi, editor-in-chief of Exploration and Contention, Tang Yonghua, professor of Chinese Department of East China Normal University, Xu Guangyin, Institute of Philosophy of Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, Yu Mingfeng, assistant professor of Humanities College of Tongji University, Hu Chunchun, deputy director of German Studies Center of Tongji University, and Shi Meijun, editor of Six Points Branch of East China Normal University, visited Yuntong Building of Tongji University and participated in the round table "Love as Social Technology-Tongji Pioneer Philosophy Workshop".

Luhmann presents the vitality of love after "decentralization"

In Tang Yonghua’s view, the recent suicide incident of Peking University girls, which has been widely concerned, inevitably became the topic background of this round-table discussion. He believes that the appearance of this incident in today’s open society is like a black hole, which gives us a strong sense of contrast and makes us realize that there may still be risks in a society that has become safe because of openness. In the face of such an incident, we may know a lot of common sense about love today, have the experience of enlightening others, and have also learned the knowledge of love psychology. However, Tang Yonghua lamented that "these still can’t make us live this life well". In his view, our theoretical efforts to understand love are precisely the expression of Lu Manzhi’s "paradox within the system"; The way we deal with this paradox is to fall into this paradox, that is, on the one hand, we understand the incomprehensible love, but on the other hand, we still try to understand it and want to change it.

Roundtable discussion site

Xu Guangyin recalled his participation in a reading group with Fan Jin in Berlin. At that time, he read Kant and Hegel, while Fan Jin read Luhmann. This is his initial understanding of Luhmann. Xu Guangyin believes that Hegel and Lu Man have great similarities. Relatively speaking, Hegel has always had a "centrality": Hegel put forward a purely formal logic that started with paradox, and then developed a set of dialectical logic, but Xu Guangyin pointed out that this dialectical logic itself is subjective and centralized. Hegel maintained the self-consistency of dialectical logic, but subject philosophy finally led to a closed result. In contrast, Luhmann’s advantage lies in starting from differences and directly admitting complexity. Xu Guangyin explained that on some issues, Luhmann’s success over Hegel lies in decentralization and subjectivity, which makes Luhmann’s theory more applicable and operable.

So, what does the comparison with Hegel’s philosophy mean for us to understand Luhmann’s "phenomenology of love"? In Xu Guangyin’s view, the key is that it is difficult for a central and subjective philosophy to fully explain the love problem. This is because the love philosophy between two independent subjects, such as Hegel and Kant, will easily fall into a formal and guiding theory when talking about marriage or love, thus ignoring the details of love. On the contrary, Luhmann’s system theory can present the vitality of love after "decentralization".

Historical framework can’t penetrate the mystery of love.

Yu Mingfeng agreed with Xu Guangyin. He said: "You can understand what love is when you read about love in Hegel’s philosophy of law, but you can’t learn how to fall in love, but Luhmann’s book has a very specific description of love experience." Xu Guangyin added that Hegel’s openness is the openness of research topics, but Luhmann himself is open, and he provides us with an operable "meta-theory".

Hu Chunchun believes that he is more willing to use the concept of Bourdieu’s cultural capital to understand love than Luman. This means that the sociality of love is understood as capital; If we discuss love academically, we will discuss how to value this kind of capital in a specific context. Of course, the sociality of love always has a mystery, which also attracts generations of writers to create art. Regarding the "paradox" of understanding love pointed out by Tang Yonghua, Hu Chunchun believes that the only "Luman-style" way of discussion is to discuss Lu’s history in a framework; That is to say, we can’t discuss love itself, but we can show the history and story of love in a historical framework, but Hu Chunchun stressed that this still can’t help us penetrate the mystery of love.

"Love Wisdom": Philosophy and Love

Tang Yonghua added that love may involve more reflection than other activities. He asked: "Can a person really fall in love instead of figuring out what love is?" Yu Mingfeng agrees: "Love is a self-reflective process." Fan Jin believes that philosophy is such a form of reflection. Yu Mingfeng added that the original meaning of the word "philosophy" in ancient Greek is "love wisdom".

Yu Mingfeng said that he often told his students that philosophy is knowledge in the abyss: "Science is empirical knowledge, and philosophy is reflective knowledge, hovering in the abyss forever, and all conclusions will be reconsidered." In his view, love is also highly reflective and abyss. Love is the transfer of self-integrity, which means, "only when the other person is present can you feel complete. True love is to find the other half, and you are no longer a whole." In a sense, love makes people highly neurotic and madness becomes the norm. " Yu Mingfeng believes that the boys in the above-mentioned girl suicides are not in love, but are strongly expressing possessiveness. The problem is that this possessiveness brings illusion to the other party through a love mode, which makes the other party accused and constantly self-reflecting. This is an extreme case.

Yu Mingfeng talked about Ba Taye’s Theory of Love. According to him, Ba Taye linked love with religion, sacrifice and violence. From Ba Taye’s perspective, there is some similarity between love and death. Yu Mingfeng said: "The experience of love is intertwined with life instinct and death instinct. Such a power relationship is, in a sense, the danger of the love system itself."

Shi Meijun is associated with another book in the series of "Light and Heavy", Badiou’s "Love Duo". In the book, Badiou puts forward that the love between two people is actually a kind of "communism" realized on the smallest scale. It is called "communism" because this kind of love insists on the contingency in love. Shi Meijun thinks that Luhmann is discussing love in a very technical way, and Badiou is naive compared with Luhmann. In Shi Meijun’s view, Luhmann revealed to us the internal isomorphism between the paradox system of intimate relationship and the way of social organization, which means that in modern times, love is driven into the "private sphere" and thus separated from the "public sphere".

I. Concept and characteristics of intellectual property rights

(1) What is intellectual property?

Intellectual property rights refer to the civil rights that people enjoy on their creative intellectual labor achievements, such as patent right, trademark right, copyright (also known as copyright) and exclusive right to trade secrets. Intellectual property law is the law to protect such civil rights. These rights are mainly property rights. Among them, patent right and trademark right are collectively referred to as "industrial property right". They are civil rights that need to be applied for and examined and approved by the administrative department. The exclusive right to copyright and trade secrets comes into being automatically in accordance with the law when the relevant creative activities are completed.

(2) Similarities and differences between intellectual property rights and general civil rights

Like general civil rights, intellectual property rights also have corresponding protected subjects and objects. Inventors, patentees, registered trademark owners, writers, artists, performers and so on are the corresponding subjects. New technical solutions, trademark logos, written works, music, art works, computer software, etc. are the corresponding objects. Here, a considerable part of the subject and object of patent right and exclusive right of trade secret overlap. After the inventor develops a new technical scheme, he can obtain the patent right by applying to the administrative department for a patent and making the invention public, or he can enjoy the actual exclusive right by keeping it secret. That is to say, the owner of the technical scheme can choose the way of patent protection or the way of trade secret protection.

Different from most civil rights, the emergence of intellectual property rights is much later than other civil rights. Engels believed that most civil rights had been basically formed as early as the Roman Empire of slavery. Industrial property rights only came into being in the modern times when commodity economy and market economy developed. Copyright came into being with the development of printing technology, and gradually developed with the development of new technologies such as recording, video recording and broadcasting. Trade secrets are listed as one of the property rights (that is, intellectual property rights), only after the establishment of the World Trade Organization. At the same time, with the development of economy and technology, the content of intellectual property rights and the scope of protected objects are always changing at a faster speed. So far, it is hard to say that they have "formed".

Like tangible property rights, intellectual property rights are also an exclusive right. That is to say, without the permission of the owner of the property right, others can’t use or make use of it.

Different from tangible property rights, firstly, the object of intellectual property rights is "difficult to develop and easy to copy". If a thief steals a car (tangible property) from the parking lot, he can only sell this car at most to get the stolen money, and he is unlikely to copy several more cars to sell. If a thief steals a software from a software development company, he can copy thousands of copies of the same software and sell them quickly, which is enough to bankrupt the software development company. Second, although intellectual property rights and tangible property rights are exclusive rights, the exclusive rights of tangible property can generally be protected by possessing related objects; The object of intellectual property is certain information (for example, invention is new information of practical technology, trademark is information of commodity source, and work is written information, picture information, audio and video information expressed by the author, etc.), so it is difficult to protect information through "possession". Moreover, the object of tangible property and exclusive rights are generally inseparable. Protecting them is relatively simple. The object and exclusive right of intellectual property are often separated, so it is much more difficult to protect them. For example, the painter sold me a painting, which is undoubtedly an object protected by copyright. This object is in my hand, but if I want to print it on a calendar or a book, I still have to get permission from the painter and pay him. The reason is that the "reproduction right" (that is, one of the exclusive rights in copyright) is still in the hands of the painter and has not been transferred to me with the painting.

These differences between intellectual property rights and tangible property rights make it applicable to the "acquisitive prescription" system of tangible property rights, the responsibility of "returning the original thing" that infringes on tangible property rights, etc., and it is difficult to apply to intellectual property rights. Therefore, we say that intellectual property is a special civil right.

(C) knowledge economy and intellectual property rights

It is precisely because of these differences between intellectual property rights and general civil rights and tangible property rights that it is more necessary to improve and constantly revise intellectual property laws than other laws in the civil field.

In the 200-200 years before the end of the 20th century, developed countries focused on the property law (tangible property law) and the contract law for the sale of goods in their traditional civil laws. The reason is that in the industrial economy, the input of tangible assets such as machinery, land and real estate plays a key role. Since the 1980s and 1990s, in line with the development of knowledge economy, developed countries and a number of developing countries (such as Singapore, Philippines, India, etc.) have gradually changed to focus on intellectual property law and e-commerce law in the field of civil legislation. This is not to say that the traditional property law and contract law are no longer needed, but that the focus has shifted. The reason is that intangible assets such as patent inventions, trade secrets and constantly updated computer programs play a key role in the knowledge economy. With the change of production mode, the legislative emphasis in superstructure will inevitably change. A group of developing countries that have not yet completed the process of industrial economy have realized that in the contemporary era, they still rely on "great efforts and sweat" and still focus on the accumulation of tangible assets, and their economic strength will never catch up with developed countries. It is necessary to promote the accumulation of tangible assets by the accumulation of intangible assets (which mainly refers to the development of "independent intellectual property rights") in order to catch up with developed countries.

A group of Chinese enterprises that can really enter the international market and stand firm, such as Haier in the home appliance industry and Lenovo in the computer industry, have done just that. In their words, it is "promoting industrialization through informationization". At the beginning of 2000, Lenovo introduced a new product that was not too cutting-edge-Internet computer, which included more than 40 patents of its own.

Second, China’s intellectual property legal system

(1) Overview

In 1979, after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, China’s patent law, trademark law and copyright law began to be drafted at the same time. In the Criminal Law of 1979, it was forbidden to use another person’s registered trademark falsely, so that the trademark was given the "exclusive right" from then on and became a "civil right arising from the criminal law". By the way, in the long history of China’s relatively developed criminal law and underdeveloped civil law, many civil rights were generated by criminal law and only protected by criminal law.

In 1982, China promulgated the Trademark Law (revised twice in February 1993 and now); In 1984, China promulgated the Patent Law (revised twice in September 1992 and August 2000). In 1986, China promulgated the General Principles of Civil Law, which clearly stipulated the protection of intellectual property rights. In 1990, China promulgated the Copyright Law to protect copyright, and in June 1991, the State Council promulgated the regulations on the protection of computer software. In September 1993, China promulgated the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, and began to expressly protect trade secrets. In March 1997, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Protection of New Plant Varieties. In addition to several separate laws and administrative regulations, China’s Criminal Law, revised in 1997, also contains a special chapter, which stipulates criminal sanctions against those who seriously infringe trademark rights, copyright, trade secrets and counterfeit others’ patents. At this point, the basic laws and regulations in the legal system of intellectual property protection in China have been possessed.

(2) Explanation of several major laws

China’s Trademark Law mainly protects the exclusive right of registered trademark owners. Since 1993, this protection has included commodity trademarks and service trademarks. Although the main purpose of the Trademark Law is to protect the interests of registered trademark owners, this purpose must first be achieved by protecting the interests of consumers. At this point, the Trademark Law, the Consumer Protection Law and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law overlap. This is not surprising, because these three laws mainly regulate the circulation of goods and services in the market. In the process of enforcing the Trademark Law, the administrative department for industry and commerce or the court measures whether an operator has infringed on the exclusive right to use a trademark of others, mainly to see whether the way he uses a trademark deceives or misleads consumers, that is, whether he uses the same or similar logo as a registered trademark of others without permission.

China’s Patent Law protects three different patent rights, namely invention, utility model and design, with the emphasis on invention patent protection. Members deliberated the revised draft of the Patent Law for three times from April to August last year, and I won’t talk much about this law because it is fresh in my memory.

According to the actual situation in our country, for the registered trademark right and patent right, which are two kinds of intellectual property rights produced by administrative approval, both laws stipulate the functions of administrative organs to mediate and deal with infringement disputes and investigate and deal with some illegal activities. Many foreign laws and WTO intellectual property agreements also allow this kind of administrative law enforcement. Such regulations in China are in line with international practice.

China’s Copyright Law first protects written works, but it goes far beyond "works". Music, dance, movies, television, engineering design, maps, computer software, live performances of actors and so on, all intellectual creations that may be copied, that is, copied, pirated or pirated, are also being protected. Reproduction of works in the form of paper, magnetic tape and film tape belongs to carrier reproduction; The reproduction of a work in the form of performance belongs to the reproduction without carrier. Because of this, international treaties and laws of many countries that protect such achievements are called "copyright law". In Chinese law, "copyright" and "copyright" are synonymous. Works whose publication and dissemination are prohibited by law are not protected in China.

What needs to be emphasized here is the difference between "originality" and "originality" (that is, novelty as mentioned in patent law). The first condition for copyright protection of creative achievements is "originality" That is to say, it can’t be copied, copied or otherwise infringed upon the copyright of others, but it must be created by the author. The requirement of originality is different from that of originality. "Originality" does not exclude "coincidence" in creation. For example, Party A and Party B shot the Badaling Great Wall from the same angle. Although Party A shot first and Party B came last, the two photographs are very similar, but they both enjoy their own copyrights. If B didn’t go to the Great Wall to take photos himself, but copied A’s photographic works, it would be "plagiarism" and he would not enjoy his own copyright. It is precisely because copyright protection does not exclude the same works independently created by each other that it is much more difficult for judicial organs and administrative law enforcement organs to determine whether copyright disputes constitute infringement than in the field of patents and trademarks.

For patented inventions, it is precisely required to be "original". The patent system excludes "coincidence" in development. If A applies for a patent first, but B applies for the same invention later, even if B has never been exposed to the development process of A, and it is entirely his own invention, he will never get a patent again. This is the requirement of "novelty" and the principle of "application first" in China’s Patent Law. Because there are many people who make inventions in the same technical field, when different people apply for a patent for the same invention, the patent examination and approval authority is unlikely to judge who actually made an invention first. Therefore, according to the law, it is presumed that the first application should be accepted, and the others are excluded. Therefore, once our enterprise or research unit has a new invention, we should first consider whether it is possible for others to develop the same technical solution in a short time without relying on me. If you think it is possible, you should apply for a patent as soon as possible, so as not to be excluded from the market by others. When our research results are new scientific discoveries, it is necessary to make them known to the media and publicize them as soon as possible in order to gain the recognition of the "right of first discovery" from peers and even the whole world. But when our development or research results belong to practical inventions (that is, new technical solutions), we should first consider applying for patents and occupying the market. At this time, if you are eager to make it public, you may be preempted by others in the patent application, or you may destroy your own novelty, which is not desirable.

We can’t distinguish the different legal status of scientific discovery and practical invention, and we used to pre-empt publicity indiscriminately, which once made us lose a considerable part of the patent achievements that should have belonged to us. Of course, if you believe that others can’t make the same invention independently without relying on yourself, you can choose to protect your own achievements by means of trade secrets without applying for a patent.

For signs that can be registered and thus enjoy trademark rights, the law requires them to be "recognizable". If "milk" is used as the trademark of bagged milk products, consumers will not be able to distinguish this kind of bagged milk from other bagged milk produced by other manufacturers, which is called no recognition. Only by using such recognizable marks as "Sanyuan", "Mengniu" and "Parmalat" can we distinguish the same goods from different manufacturers, which is the main function of trademarks.

Another problem that needs to be emphasized is that for a long time after China promulgated several laws on intellectual property rights, many people paid much less attention to trademarks than other intellectual property rights. In theory, some people think that trademarks only have a symbolic function, and it seems that they are not intellectual property rights. In practice, some people think that creating famous brands is only a matter of high-tech industries, and primary products (such as ore and grain) do not need trademarks at all. In fact, a trademark has been invested with creative intellectual labor since the right holder chooses the logo. Since then, the continuous improvement of trademark reputation mainly depends on the marketing methods of operators, the technical content invested in improving quality and updating products, etc. These are the results of creative labor. Almost without exception, the primary products of developed countries appear in the market with trademarks. Because they all understand that while operating tangible goods, their intangible property-trademarks will continue to increase in value. Once all your tangible goods are lost (such as average, natural disasters and other force majeure, financial crisis and other commercial risks), at least your trademark is still valuable. The boss of "Coca-Cola" company once said that once all the factories and goods of the company in the world were lost in the fire, he could use the trademark of "Coca-Cola" as a pledge the next day and lend money to resume production. Because every year, the "financial world" evaluates the value of "Coca Cola" to tens of billions of dollars. We once had theorists tell people that if an enterprise goes bankrupt, its trademark will be worthless. In fact, after the collapse of the enterprise,There are many examples where trademarks are still quite valuable. For example, in March 1998, Guangzhou Camera Factory closed down, and the evaluation company estimated the "Pearl River" trademark of the factory at 4,000 yuan, which many people still thought was overestimated. At the auction that month, this trademark sold for 395,000 yuan! Obviously, the reputation of an enterprise that has been invested in trademarks by intellectual labor for many years will never be completely lost immediately because of a temporary business mistake (or other unforeseen accidents). It can be seen that it is very important to improve the trademark awareness of Chinese operators (especially operators of a large number of primary products) for the development of China’s economy.

Since 1980, China has successively joined the World Intellectual Property Organization Convention, the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the universal copyright convention and other major international intellectual property conventions. China, as a developing country, has made rapid progress in both domestic legislation and international cooperation in intellectual property protection. Both the former Director-General and the current Director-General of the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization believe that in just over a decade, China has completed the road that developed countries took hundreds of years to complete.

Of course, the current situation of intellectual property protection in China, which has not established a modern intellectual property legal system for a long time, is not optimistic. In particular, it is still a long way to go to crack down on counterfeit trademarks and various piracy activities.

(C) China’s historical contribution to the intellectual property system

Although many modern civil rights protection systems, including intellectual property protection system, are mainly "imported" from abroad after China’s reform and opening up. It should be noted, however, that copyright protection came into being with the invention of printing technology, but it happened in China at first. In the era of copying creative achievements by hand, there will be no such civil right as "copyright". Because it is impossible for replicators to produce mass copies for their own profit through difficult replication activities, there is no need for creators to control such replication activities.

Printing technology developed greatly in Sui and Tang Dynasties in China. Movable type printing was invented in Song Dynasty. Copyright protection originated from the Song Dynasty in China. A large number of ancient books handed down in the Song Dynasty, such as Fang Yu Sheng Lan, Cong Guimao’s Collection of Poems, clearly recorded the local government’s list of "no copying" and "no copying" at that time, which contained activities of "copying for profit", and the obligee could "report, chase people and destroy the edition" and so on. The litigation procedure and tort liability can be clearly seen in the Copyright Act of Britain until 1956. The "copyright marks" left in these ancient books at that time are almost identical to the formal requirements required by universal copyright convention. The Right to prohibit Copying or copying is exactly the same as the concept of "Copy right" that came into being in the West more than 700 years later and is still in use today. However, this kind of protection in the West only gradually developed more than 500 years after the Song Dynasty, when Gutenberg began to use movable type printing in Germany. China’s historical contribution to printing and copyright protection was recognized by UNESCO as early as the early 1980s.

In the mid-1990s, an American professor, citing the existence of piracy in China at that time, asserted that China had never respected the achievements of intellectual creation since ancient times, and pursued the creed that "stealing books is not stealing" since ancient times. At that time, I published an article in English overseas, pointing out that his assertion was a lack of understanding of the history of China, and comprehensively introduced the records in the above-mentioned ancient books of the Song Dynasty. This article was later quoted by many scholars in the intellectual property field abroad (including the United States). They all agree that since copyright protection came into being with the development of printing, it will inevitably appear in China first.

Of course, confirming China’s contribution to intellectual property rights in history is not to prove that everything is perfect now. After all, time has entered the 21st century. The modern intellectual property system that has just been established in China needs to be continuously improved. Now we are revising several laws on intellectual property rights, which is a good proof that we realize this necessity.

Iii. WTO accession and intellectual property protection

(A) the intellectual property system of the World Trade Organization

The agreements of the World Trade Organization mainly adjust three contents: commodity trade, service trade and intellectual property protection. Commodity trade refers to the sale of tangible goods, which is familiar to everyone. In the WTO agreement, trade in services refers to four situations:

1. Cross-border provision (e.g. telecommunications services, network services);

2. Personnel flow (such as labor export);

3. Spending abroad (such as tourism services);

4. Commercial availability (e.g. financial services provided by foreign banks to set up in China).

Just in the two contents of commodity trade and service trade, it is actually full of intellectual property protection issues.

As far as commodity trade is concerned, all commodities from legal channels have their own trademark protection problems. There are copyright protection issues in commodity packaging, decoration design, and advertisements for promoting commodities (including advertising pictures, advertising words, advertising films and so on). New products with smooth sales channels are generally supported by patents or trade secrets. Most goods from illegal channels have problems such as counterfeit trademarks and piracy. In service trade, the protection of service trademarks and the copyright of advertisements for providing services are the same as those in commodity trade. The difference is that in cross-border services, especially in network services, an enterprise advertising in its own country may infringe on the trademark rights enjoyed by foreign enterprises in foreign countries, because the network is characterized by borderlessness, but the trademark rights are characterized by regionality. This kind of special infringement dispute is impossible in the sale of tangible goods.

There are seven intellectual property rights that WTO requires its member countries to protect: copyright, trademark, invention patent, design, geographical indication, semiconductor integrated circuit design and trade secrets. Among them, the design has been included in China’s Patent Law; Geographical indications will be included in the revised Trademark Law, leaving only the protection of semiconductor integrated circuit design, which has not yet been legislated in China. However, because this creative achievement is updated quickly, the infringer has just copied it, and the updated products of others may have been listed, so the copywriter is unprofitable. Therefore, the members of the WTO did not emphasize the issue of this legislation in the negotiations.

(2) Legislative suggestions on intellectual property rights related to China’s entry into WTO

1. Attention should be paid to "foster strengths and avoid weaknesses" in legislation.

As far as our legislature is concerned, in view of China’s accession to the WTO, we should consider making legislation and amending the law so that our intellectual property system does not conflict with the intellectual property agreement of the WTO (that is, the TRIPS Agreement). To do this, we only need to meet the "minimum requirements" of the intellectual property agreement. At this stage, we don’t need to pursue the high level of protection in developed countries. After China’s entry into the WTO, we should consider using feasible suggestions to urge our representatives to continuously increase the contents conducive to China’s economic development in multilateral negotiations. Of course, it is also a positive way for the legislature to start protecting the intellectual property objects that belong to our strong points at home through legislation. Over the years, a number of countries in Asia and Africa have started to protect folk literature and art in their own domestic laws in an effort to incorporate them into international conventions.

In the next round of multilateral negotiations, the WTO will soon discuss the issue of bringing the protection of "biodiversity" and "traditional knowledge" into the scope of intellectual property rights, which should attract our attention. The protection of a large number of animal and plant species (including endangered animals and plants) unique to China but not abroad belongs to the former; The protection of Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine therapy in China, and the protection of folk literature and art in almost all parts of China belong to the latter. These should be said to be China’s strengths, unlike patents and well-known trademarks, which are obviously still China’s weaknesses in the international arena. The purpose of our concern about these issues is to strive to bring them into the scope of international protection of intellectual property rights. Second, once it is included, we should consider how our legislation can keep up immediately. This will help us to "foster strengths and avoid weaknesses" in the international protection of intellectual property rights, so that China’s intellectual property products in the international market may also continue to increase. Since 1996, the export value of products in the core industries of the copyright industry (namely, software industry, film and television industry, etc.) has exceeded the export value of products in agriculture and machine manufacturing (namely, aircraft manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, etc.). The American Intellectual Property Association regards this as an important symbol that the United States has entered the development period of "knowledge economy".

In addition, I feel that the protection of geographical indications already mentioned in the revised draft of the Trademark Law is not enough. France only has a few geographical indications related to wine, so it knows that it will make a big fuss in domestic laws and international conventions and spare no effort to emphasize their protection. After China joined the Paris Convention for the protection of geographical indications in 1985, France asked us to ban the word "champagne" on our own wines because it is the geographical indication of French wines. In China, there are countless world-famous and protectable geographical marks, such as marble, Laiyang pear and Jinhua ham, which are understated in our legislation. Many Italian stones and stone products, and many stone products in Hualien County, Taiwan Province, China, are called "marble" or marble products in the international market. If we want to give full play to the advantages of geographical indications in the international protection of intellectual property rights after China’s entry into WTO and prohibit others from using them casually, we should first highlight the status of these protected objects in our own laws and strengthen their protection.

Never mention intellectual property as if we are all weak points; When it comes to intellectual property protection, it seems that it only protects foreign things; When it comes to China’s accession to the WTO and the revision of laws on intellectual property rights, we only think about what WTO members ask us to revise. In fact, the first thing we should consider is what are our own strengths? Is there enough protection in this respect?

2. Problems in procedural law

The intellectual property agreement of WTO is the first international treaty to make specific provisions on intellectual property procedural law.

However, we still have some obvious deficiencies in the procedures for protecting intellectual property rights. For example, the preservation of evidence before litigation is a requirement of WTO for the enforcement of intellectual property protection. There is no such system in China’s current Civil Procedure Law, and there is no such system in various existing separate laws on intellectual property rights. For another example, anyone should have the right to directly inquire about registered trademarks. However, there is no legal provision for this in China, and it can’t be done in practice. This kind of defects, if we don’t make provisions in the law, then when we encounter specific cases after China’s entry into WTO, other WTO members will raise them.

3. Necessary amendments unrelated to China’s entry into WTO

The need of "joining WTO" is by no means the only reason for us to amend the laws on intellectual property rights. The WTO has not put forward the requirements, but what is really needed in the practice of China’s market economy development should also be added to the law in the revision. For example, when protecting trademark rights, a large number of developed and developing countries have stipulated that "it is forbidden to change trademarks legally marked by others", which is not explicitly required by the WTO. In the process of China’s transition to a market economy, things that disrupt the market by changing other people’s trademarks often happen. Vendors of some foreign enterprises tore off the "Maple Leaf" trademark on high-quality clothing products in China, painted off the "Lighthouse" trademark on high-quality paint product containers, and then put them on the market in foreign trademark. These acts cannot be prohibited and sanctioned according to China’s Trademark Law. This is very unfavorable to the development of China’s market economy, especially to the development of China’s own famous brands. We can completely consider adding legal provisions prohibiting this kind of behavior in the Trademark Law.

(C) improve people’s awareness of intellectual property protection

We have done a lot of work in revising and perfecting the relevant intellectual property laws and strengthening law enforcement. However, there are still some deficiencies in raising people’s awareness of intellectual property protection. For example, I recently heard a law teacher from a famous university tell students that piracy helps to develop China’s economy, and cracking down on piracy protects foreign products. This actually reflects the views of some people. I think, on the contrary, piracy directly hinders the economic development of our country. First, the illegal income of pirates has never been turned over to the state to develop the economy; Moreover, it is impossible to collect taxes on this large amount of illegal income. The tax missed from here is a big loss to the country. Second, the main victims of piracy activities are domestic enterprises. Just taking software piracy as an example, it is the direct reason why China’s own software industry can’t develop. A foreign enterprise like Microsoft, whose products such as Windows software are sold all over the world, can still make money in many countries and the domestic market of the United States by relying on the original English products and the products of "Korean" and "Japanese". However, if the software developed by our own enterprises, such as "Chinese Star" and "Wubi Chinese Characters", has no market in China because of rampant piracy, their foreign markets will be very limited, and these China software enterprises will have to close down. If the piracy of audio-visual products, books and so on is not dealt a strong blow, the result will be the same. Because the market of these Chinese characters and Chinese cultural products is mainly in China.

When Comrade Deng Xiaoping inspected the audio-visual products enterprises in Shenzhen in early 1992, he first asked them: "Has the copyright problem been properly solved?" It can be seen that advocates of socialist market economy are very aware of the importance of intellectual property protection to the development of China’s economy. China’s legislature, judicial and administrative law enforcement agencies, regardless of counterfeiting activities or piracy activities, have always been clear-cut: resolutely crack down according to law.

After China’s entry into WTO, it is the domestic industry, cultural market and commodity market that will bear the brunt of the challenge of intellectual property protection. Therefore, there is still a lot of work to be done in the popularization of intellectual property law in these fields in China. As far as the popularization of intellectual property rights is concerned, the propaganda of "obeying the law" should not be negative, and it should include at least four aspects.

First, don’t infringe, which means that intellectual property issues should be solved before launching new products; If the product contains other people’s intellectual property rights, it must obtain permission.

Second, after China’s entry into WTO, once foreign enterprises sue us for infringement, we should know what room we have for defense. Quite a few enterprises in China do the opposite. Before launching their products, they simply don’t ask whether they involve other people’s patents, copyrights, etc., and they only know how to do it. When someone accused him of infringement, he immediately messed up and admitted that he was wrong without analysis. Recently, a domestic enterprise came to me and said that a foreign company sued him for infringing foreign patents. What should I do? I said what are you panicking about? If your products are not exported, it is impossible to infringe on "foreign patents" without exporting, because patents are regional. He applied for an American patent, and it is impossible for you to infringe the "American patent" by operating in China; If he only obtained the American patent abroad, it is impossible for you to infringe it by exporting to Japan. Even if he gets a patent in China, do you want to see if their patent protection period expires? Because patents have "statutory timeliness", such as microwave ovens and car seat belts, they were all patented products, but the protection period has already passed. Although many manufacturers are still manufacturing and selling today, it is impossible to infringe the original patent right. Even if the patent has not expired, it depends on whether the patent has expired due to reasons such as not paying the annual patent fee. Even if the above defenses are not established, do you still have to carefully analyze whether all your products fall into the "claim" of its patent? Because patents are not like copyrights and trademarks, there is no "partial infringement". If your product only contains some technical features of his patents, but not all of them, it still cannot be regarded as infringement.Kodak Company of the United States was sued for infringing others’ patents on photosensitive technology, and fought for nine years before it was finally found to be infringing. How can our enterprise "surrender without a fight" as soon as others sue for infringement?

Third, whether at home or abroad, the intellectual property rights already enjoyed by Chinese enterprises and individuals may also be infringed by others. We should pay attention to safeguarding our intellectual property rights according to law. Raising awareness of law-abiding or intellectual property rights is not only for infringers, but also for intellectual property rights holders in China.

Fourth, and most importantly, we should encourage Chinese people to actively develop the fruits that enjoy our independent intellectual property rights. Before the Patent Law was promulgated in China, Yuan Longping applied for the patent of hybrid rice breeding technology in the United States and Australia. In recent years, Sinopec has applied for many patents of certain chemical technologies in many countries around the world, and initially established its own "market protection circle", so that foreign enterprises who want to enter this circle to manufacture and sell related chemical products must obtain permission from Sinopec. Well-known trademarks such as Haier and Lenovo have also begun to break through national boundaries and gain international recognition. These are typical "independent intellectual property rights".

In order to develop China’s economy, we can’t refuse to introduce other people’s innovative achievements. But what we can finally rely on is the innovative spirit of our people. Giving intellectual property protection to innovation achievements is the most effective encouragement to carry forward the spirit of innovation.

China, which has contributed four great inventions to the world and was once the birthplace of copyright protection, will certainly be able to provide more and better innovations to mankind in the new millennium and new century!

(The author is a member of the Law Committee and a researcher at the Institute of Law of the Academy of Social Sciences.)

(28 February 2001)

 

Wen | No.7 (Luosi Film and Television Research Group)

"The world is very big and keeps walking. If the body can’t arrive, let the taste buds start first. " On the days when we can’t travel far, there is a program that takes a different approach tonight, starting from the embassy in China and starting the "journey of global discovery" on the tip of the tongue. It is the first domestic ambassador’s food creative reality show "Ambassador’s Kitchen" jointly produced by Jiangsu Satellite TV, World Wide Web, Beijing Qiaoyi and Mango TV.

The first stop of the program came to the Argentine Embassy in China. A "food study team" composed of six people, including Jerry Lee, Chun Wu, He Chaolian, Liu Wei, Sun and Boogie, tasted the cooked food and felt the unique cultural charm of Argentina.

The delicacies in and out of the embassy are condensed into the crystallization of cross-cultural communication. The Ambassador’s Kitchen explores the new variety mode of "food+",and under the framework of "food+literature tour+reality show", it has made a "creative fusion dish" where Chinese and foreign food meets the moon and different civilizations blend.

"The Ambassador’s Kitchen" is broadcast on Jiangsu Satellite TV at 21:10 every Sunday and simultaneously launched on Mango TV at 21:40 every Sunday. On the night of the premiere, topics such as # Jerry Lee Chun Wu Sun knows how to cooperate in cooking #, # Sun’s reaction to Liu Wei’s serving in Boogie #, # Boogie Liu Wei’s performance showed a dish by the way #, # Ambassador’s kitchen staff wanted to start broadcasting # boarded the hot search in Weibo, and many viewers called it the international "variety show", "Enjoy the best with the World Cup!"

"Fresh" flavor opening:

It’s the first time to "treasure hunt" in the embassy.

Painted cow sculptures, Diego Maradona jerseys, malbec, Argentina’s national treasure wine variety, and the poster of Argentina’s first film "The Thief" released in China Mainland … Following the footsteps of the "Food Study Team", the mysterious Argentine Embassy in China was "opened" on the screen for the first time, and the novelty came to me. Like Jerry Lee, Chun Wu, He Chaolian and other guests, most of the audience visited and felt the embassy in China for the first time at zero distance, and could not help but exclaim: "So the ambassador curator is like this!"

Follow the program to visit the Argentine Embassy in China.

According to the program setting, the "food study team" is divided into two teams. They will obtain the "food code" of various countries through cultural interaction, food tasting and other links. They will not only reproduce the special dishes, but also combine the "food code" with China cuisine to innovate and develop new dishes that are integrated with China and foreign countries. If the new dishes are favored by the embassy, they can join the "global food menu".

With the theme of "ambassador’s kitchen", the program is not limited to food, but to explore and discover the rich cultural imprint in the embassy and carry out international cultural exchanges. "Where did the tango originate?" "Which instrument is called the soul of tango?" The guests were still immersed in the dance steps of the traditional slow-paced tango in Argentina one second, and the next second they entered the answering session. These interesting questions and answers inadvertently made the guests and the audience get the knowledge of tango. Sabino Vaca Narvaja, Ambassador of Argentina to China, personally demonstrated the brewing method of "yerba mate". From all kinds of tea leaves and teapots to straws with built-in springs, the guests and audience got a deep understanding of this unique Argentine national treasure.

Argentine Ambassador to China Niu Wangdao brewed yerba mate.

When "hard knowledge" softens in a way that you like to see and hear, the overall expression of the program is also smooth and brisk. The broad charm of foreign culture is condensed into the square inch of the embassy, and the "Ambassador’s Kitchen" with a "fresh" taste has firmly grasped the attention of the audience.

The taste of "fun" beats:

Time-limited re-enactment of special dishes, taste buds dancing

As the saying goes, "Food is the most important thing for the people". From the east to the west, from the coast to the inland, from the plains to the mountains, different natural environments have given birth to different food cultures. To understand a country, food is undoubtedly the best way and the most intuitive window. Compared with Japanese food, Korean food and Thai food familiar to Chinese people, Argentine food is relatively small, which also arouses the public’s curiosity-what do Argentines like to eat?

A "special affection" white wine with strong rose fragrance and musk, a roasted jiaozi mixed with lavender fragrance and butter fragrance, a roasted Angus eye meat heart that retains the true taste of beef, and a stewed beef with Giso lentils and a Milani sauce with Nabo beef condensed with Argentine food wisdom … Niu Wangdao, the Argentine ambassador to China, came to an Argentine steakhouse with a "food study team", and the authentic dishes carefully cooked by authentic chefs were enough to make the taste buds dance and bloom.

Argentina special food

"Argentines like salty dishes, but they are not interested in spicy things" "Argentines don’t need heavy ingredients, and they like the authentic taste of real things best" "Argentines like to eat meat, but the feet and heads of animals hardly appear on their dining tables" … With the announcement of the "food code", it not only digs into the depths of food culture, but also arouses the interest of the audience. After the program was broadcast, many diners launched "radar" to search for Argentine restaurants around them.

The re-enactment of food is the highlight of the Ambassador’s Kitchen. According to the saying "I have eaten more salt than you have eaten rice", the "high salt value team" consists of Jerry Lee, Chun Wu and Sun, and the "low salt value team" consists of He Chaolian, Liu Wei and Boogie. Some of them are cooks, and some are experts in cooking. They need to re-create four dishes in 90 minutes, which will be evaluated by overseas Chinese and friends in Argentina.

Guest replica dishes

The whole process can be described as a pot of stewed beef cooked dry in Chun Wu-in full swing. As a reality show part of the program, it not only has a full sense of competition, but also brings the audience a relaxed, healing and interesting sense of entertainment. At the same time, the re-enactment process of the two teams is also a kitchen teaching, returning to the life service function of traditional food variety shows, attracting many food lovers to "get ready".

"Jane" tastes into the heart:

Friendship spans thousands of waters in Qian Shan, and food has no borders.

Argentina is the farthest country from China, right behind China on the earth. No matter which direction you go to Argentina, the distance is about 20,000 kilometers. Two countries so far away, nurtured by different civilizations, have the idea of empathy.

It is not difficult to find that the Argentine national cuisine presented in the program has something in common with China cuisine: roasted jiaozi is quite like our leek box, stewed beef with lentils and stewed beef brisket with radish, which represents the taste of home, and sweet fried dough sticks are also the breakfast choice of Argentines … Different food producing areas, different cooking techniques and different cultural heritages are similar to crossing thousands of waters in Qian Shan. And this distant similarity is probably another expression of "food without borders".

"Journey of Global Discovery" on the Tip of the Tongue

"We realize the life, preferences and even personalities of people from different countries, and we can make friends through food, and food is also a bridge for communication." As guest Boogie said, "The Ambassador’s Kitchen" builds a bridge of delicacies, and the world’s delicacies evoke cultural curiosity, which also leads to the friendship between mountains and seas.

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Arab countries, and it is also the year of China-Arab friendship and cooperation in 2022. At the same time, it is the 10th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and many countries. It is an important opportunity for China to consolidate traditional friendship with other countries, deepen cooperation space and promote integrated development. Today, with China stepping onto the world stage with a more open, confident and proactive attitude, it is of far-reaching significance to launch this file "Ambassador’s Kitchen".

Gourmet without borders

On the one hand, the program symbolizes the communication between people and the blending of feelings, vividly conveying the spirit of hospitality and frankness of people from different countries; On the other hand, it is a beneficial exploration for media diplomacy to promote "goodwill communication" by telling the story of China in the language of food without borders and giving full play to the advantages of variety shows in mass communication with strong affinity and wide radiation.

Next, The Ambassador’s Kitchen will also visit the embassies of New Zealand, Thailand, Turkey, Ireland, Iceland and other countries in China. Envoys are the letter, food is the bridge, and hand in hand. I believe that with the broadcast of the program, the colorful collisions of different countries, cultures and customs will continue to show the international friendship between the United States and the United States.