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　　When the society is still debating whether minors should ban smart phones, it is undeniable that mobile phones have become an important tool in children’s lives, which not only provides the benefit of convenient contact, but also has the harm of being addicted to games. Some minors register dating software and step into the dating territory that belongs to adults; Some children even blindly expand their circle of friends by pushing friends through WeChat, which opens a dangerous door. In the interview, the reporter found that in reality, there have been many cases in which minors have been sexually assaulted by others through making friends through mobile APP and WeChat.

　　case

　　High school girls’ mobile phone friends were molested.

　　A few months ago, Xiaoya, a high school girl, met Xiao Tao, a boy two years older than herself, through a mobile dating APP. Looking at the other person’s head, Xiaoya inevitably had a good impression on him. Across the screen, the two people’s behavior and words and deeds are also less scruples, and even some ambiguous words and deeds. After a few days of chatting on dating software, the two met in a big shopping mall.

　　However, meeting is not as famous as meeting. Xiao Tao’s appearance is far from the avatar on dating software, and even a little rustic. Xiaoya was unhappy and ignored Xiao Tao’s love, playing games in the video game area by herself.

　　In fact, 17-year-old Xiao Tao secretly went to work in the city from other places without telling his parents, and just found a job. Making friends by mobile phone has become an important way for him to integrate into big city life. Xiao Tao is full of expectations for this meeting and is looking forward to a beautiful relationship. Looking at Xiaoya’s back playing games, he couldn’t help hugging Xiaoya from behind. I didn’t think about it, but I was strongly resisted and sternly reprimanded by Xiaoya.

　　Xiao Tao was poured a pot of cold water by Xiaoya’s indifferent attitude, and then she thought that she had spent 100 yuan to buy coins for Xiaoya to play games, which made her feel even more lost. So he childishly hid each other’s bags, called Xiaoya to the underground garage, and angrily told Xiaoya to ask 100 yuan for money to recover economic losses.

　　When he got the money back, Xiao Tao was still angry. On the spur of the moment, he pushed Xiaoya to the wall and reached out and touched the privacy of the other party. When he was just arrested by the police, Xiao Tao didn’t feel that this move could be a big deal, and he didn’t realize that it was a crime. In the end, Xiao Tao was sentenced by the court for compulsory indecency.

　　Although one is the victim and the other is the defendant, when handling this case, Feng Miaomiao, deputy director of the First Procuratorate of Xicheng Procuratorate, felt sorry for both children. If it weren’t for the mobile dating software, the lives of two minors would have been completely different. Now, one is forced to molest, leaving a psychological shadow, and one is imprisoned when he first enters the society. In a sense, he is a victim.

　　"How can two minors register for dating apps?" While handling the case, Feng Miaomiao paid more attention to this mobile dating software. There are also many criticisms of this software on the Internet, one of which is the low age limit threshold, which has a bad influence on minors.

　　Just one month after Xiaoya’s case happened, the National Network Information Office launched a special rectification campaign against the chaos of the network audio platform, and this software is also under the rectification. It was not until last month that the software was restored to the shelves and the registration threshold was raised to 18 years old.

　　survey

　　False age registration lacks supervision

　　The reporter downloaded the dating APP full of fashionable gimmicks involved in the case, and the user agreement has been highlighted: "If you are under 18 years old, please read and fully understand this agreement with the legal guardian, and use the software and related services with the consent of the legal guardian."

　　The reporter registered with the mobile phone number. In the process of improving the information, the page prompts: "Filling in the correct information will help match, and we will protect your private information." The reporter found that if you are under 18 years old, the system will prompt that the setting failed and you can’t continue. As long as you choose to reach the age of 18, you can pass. There is no need to upload an ID card or additional verification procedures, so the registration is successful, and then you can choose someone who matches you to chat.

　　The reporter also registered another dating software that has been installed more than 100 million times. Although there is no special clause about minors in the user agreement, there is also an age threshold in the registration process. You can’t choose a date of birth under the age of 18 to register, but you can choose a date of birth that reaches the age of 18, and you can register successfully. There is also no substantive audit procedure.

　　Prosecutor Feng Miaomiao said that setting a threshold based on age is helpful to prevent minors from stepping into the social circle of adults, receiving some bad information or suffering illegal harm, which is beneficial to the protection of minors. However, this threshold that can be broken only by users’ arbitrary settings is ineffective. For minors who are curious or have practical needs, it is as easy as blowing off dust to falsely report their age. And it is hard for them to really realize that what will be waiting for them when they enter the online world of adults with a pass that does not meet their real age?

　　The reporter learned that in the previous cases of sexual assault on minors, it was also revealed that the dating software company did not verify the identity information of the registered personnel, which led to the problem that minors could register and log in by falsely reporting their age, and there were huge loopholes in management. Some procuratorates also specially issued procuratorial suggestions to relevant authorities to urge them to strengthen supervision and management of online dating platforms.

　　The painful cases and the procuratorial suggestions of the procuratorate all show that the problem that the dating software does not verify the identity and the minors may be illegally infringed needs to be solved urgently.

　　Prosecutors in Feng Miaomiao said that the technologies of uploading ID cards and even face recognition are very mature, which can completely verify identity and shield false information. However, for these software companies, strict identity audit will inevitably cause some users to resist, which will affect the registration and usage of users, and enterprises certainly have no incentive to do substantive audit.

　　find

　　Wechat QR code is more dangerous to push friends.

　　In the interview, the reporter learned that in addition to using mobile APP to make friends, there is also a way of making friends among middle school students — — Friends circle pushes each other, that is, authorizing others to send their photos and WeChat QR codes to friends circle and WeChat group for divergent communication. In this way, children quickly develop "friends" and meet more strangers. Others push each other and even spend some money to let others help them push.

　　For most adults, WeChat friends are usually family, friends and people who have work contacts and life contacts, and the circle of friends has certain privacy. Except Wechat business and promoters, most people don’t spread their QR codes and open their circle of friends at will.

　　Minors are keen on this more open and almost undefended way of making friends than adults, and they also put themselves in a very dangerous situation.

　　In a real case, Tingting, a 14-year-old middle school student, met a girl of the same age in another school in an extra-curricular cram school. When Tingting learned that the other classmate could help push the circle of friends, she also wanted to try this way of making friends out of curiosity.

　　After being pushed the QR code and photos to the circle of friends in a nine-square grid, there were indeed many more people who took the initiative to chat with Tingting through WeChat. Tingting had a good talk with one of the boys. Although Tingting is strictly controlled by her parents and students are not allowed to use mobile phones at school, Tingting still takes the opportunity to chat with each other. After the first meeting between the two sides, Tingting reported that she was raped by the other side. After investigation, the man often looks for "prey" by adding WeChat friends.

　　According to the reporter’s understanding, there are far more cases in which minors are invaded by strangers because of WeChat’s mutual promotion of friends.

　　Even if the age threshold of dating software is in name only, there is still a threshold after all, and WeChat Twitter can be said to be irresponsible. In the police investigation, the middle school student who objectively bridged Tingting’s acquaintance with a strange man said that he was not familiar with both of them, but only vaguely had an impression of helping Tingting push her friends. As for their true identity and surname, who knows nothing. After helping to push friends, she deleted both of them’ WeChat.

　　This middle school student often helps her peers push friends in their circle of friends. Some people even send her a few dollars red envelope to help her push friends. When the number of friends added by the other party meets the demand, she deletes the information of pushing friends. In this way, she can earn some pocket money.

　　"This way of making friends seems incredible to adults, but it is very common among students ‘ Market ’ 。” Shi Liang, assistant prosecutor, told reporters that some students are proud of having a large number of WeChat friends and even compare with each other, eager to open their doors to the adult world in this way to show their social skills and personal charm.

　　Unfortunately, children think this is just a way to meet more friends, but in the eyes of the "hunters" who are waiting for an opportunity, this "open" way of making friends is itself an ambiguous signal.

　　suggestion

　　The dating platform should verify the identity essence.

　　Shi Liang said that many minors’ psychological cognition and physical development are unbalanced. They feel that they have almost the same physique as adults and have gained the ability to enter the adult world. But in fact, their awareness of society, self-prevention awareness and self-protection ability are far from perfect, and they are easily tempted or hurt.

　　"The Internet has become indispensable in modern society. We can’t hinder social progress because the Internet may harm minors, but we can keep up with relevant supporting measures. In the final analysis, it is still that our adult society did not do its own work, did not establish enough protection mechanisms, and did not do effective education and communication, so that children were exposed to danger. " Shi Liang said.

　　Prosecutor Feng Miaomiao suggested that the dating platform should be required to carry out substantive identity verification, such as uploading ID cards and face recognition, through administrative mandatory provisions, at least the self-discipline rules of trade associations, and at the same time pay attention to protecting the privacy of minors. This not only protects minors, but also helps to reduce the possibility of other online dating crimes. As an Internet and software enterprise, it should also shoulder social responsibilities, and not turn a blind eye to the possible signs of illegal crimes in order to pursue the number of users and economic benefits. Industry supervision departments should strictly manage, intensify inspection and punishment, and purify the network environment. (Reporter Sun Ying Illustration Feng Chenqing)

　　(The minors involved in the article are all pseudonyms)

　　CCTV News:Under the unified command of the Ministry of Public Security, the Shenzhen police recently cracked a transnational prostitution case using the online WeChat platform, arrested 349 suspects, and seized and frozen the funds and property involved totaling more than 32 million yuan.

　　In September, 2017, shenzhen public received a special clue from the Ministry of Public Security, requesting to file an investigation on a domestic prostitution case organized by using the online WeChat platform in Malaysia. After receiving the clue, shenzhen public immediately organized a task force to carry out the investigation by various investigation methods. After more than three months of careful investigation, a transnational criminal gang headed by Hunan nationals Li and Liu gradually surfaced.

　　Cai Chengrong, deputy detachment leader of shenzhen public Public Security Patrol Detachment: "This criminal gang is remotely commanded in Changsha, Hunan Province. In this Malaysian country, it uses the Internet and WeChat to organize a large number of prostitutes to engage in prostitution activities in China."

　　The task force initially found out thatSince 2015, criminal gangs have set up five WeChat platforms to organize women’s prostitution, and wantonly carried out illegal and criminal activities. This criminal gang has a complex structure and a large number of people. In order to escape the domestic police, it gradually transferred its dens to Malaysia.In early December 2017, the Public Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security sent a delegation to Malaysia to carry out police cooperation.

　　171 suspects arrested in international and domestic cooperation

　　In Malaysia, my working group provided a lot of clues and evidence of criminal gangs to the local police. After research and analysis and on-the-spot inspection, the police gradually implemented the dens hidden by criminal gangs, laying the foundation for centralized network collection.Criminal gangs have a total of five WeChat prostitution platforms, and there are many dens in Kuala Lumpur, Penang and other places in Malaysia, and these dens will often change their addresses. Penang is more than 400 kilometers away from Kuala Lumpur. Investigators found that Li, the first figure of the gang, also came to Malaysia from China.

　　With the deepening of investigation, MalaysiaThe personnel structure of the nine dens has gradually become clear, ranging from several people to dozens of people in each den.. In China, many dens of criminal gangs have also been locked in succession. The task force believes that the conditions for closing the network are already in place. At 15 o’clock on December 12, when Li went out by car from the den, he was intercepted by the Malaysian police. The arrest of Li started the first shot of the net-closing operation. With the coordination of the China Embassy in Malaysia and the strong support of the Malaysian police, the Ministry of Public Security directed Hunan, Guangdong and Malaysia to start the network closing simultaneously.A total of 171 suspects were arrested in the day’s operation, including 65 in Malaysia, and Liu, the second person of the gang, was also arrested in Hunan.

　　Technology companies organize prostitution as a cover WeChat platform.

　　On January 6th this year, 65 suspects arrested in Malaysia were chartered by our public security organs and escorted back to China. After sorting out the accounts of funds involved in criminal gangs headed by Li, the police found that they made huge profits. What kind of person is Li, the first person in the gang?

　　The 32-year-old Li is a native of Hunan. The hardships of life have given him the idea of getting ahead when he grows up. After graduating from technical secondary school, Li stepped into the society. At first, he started a tutor company. Later, he wanted to start a technology company.

　　Criminal suspect Li: "It takes a lot of money to be a technology company. In the process of circulation, I chose a shortcut and went astray. As a result, I came to this road."

　　In order to earn money, Li started the activity of introducing girls to engage in prostitution, coaxing and wooing girls to engage in prostitution in Dongguan, Hong Kong and other places, and profiting from it.

　　In 2015, Li partnered with his father’s adopted son Liu.With the illegal income from organizing prostitution before, I invested nearly 4 million yuan to set up Changsha Tomorrow Morning Technology Company as a cover., build a number of WeChat recruitment platforms. With the domestic public security organs’ efforts to crack down on pornography-related criminal activities in physical places, especially online organizations’ prostitution,In order to escape the arrest of the domestic police, Li transferred the members of these platform gangs abroad. Li has a major stake in every WeChat recruitment platform, which is very profitable. It is verified that in 2017 alone, Li bought six high-end houses and villas in Changsha and other places.

　　The division of labor is clear, trying to escape the police attack through the Internet.

　　This huge transnational network organization, the women’s prostitution gang, was completely destroyed by the centralized network. After the examination of the criminal suspects, the operation mode of the criminal gang gradually became clear. Relying on the Internet, they escaped the attack of the public security organs by means of "online organization, offline implementation" and "foreign command and domestic implementation", and organized women’s prostitution crimes on a large scale.

　　When criminal gangs engage in whoring,The "bell houses" in various dens in Malaysia first recruit prostitutes directly through WeChat platform or cooperate with so-called brokers to obtain resources, and then push the picture numbers with personal information such as photos and measurements of prostitutes to domestic businesses.

　　Criminal suspect Li: "The business is the usual taxi drivers and security guards."

　　The business has a cooperative relationship with Li’s gang. They obtain the clients’ resources through WeChat friends circle, forum posting and distribution of soliciting cards, and provide the clients with the picture numbers of prostitutes to choose from.There is also a role in the process of wechat recruitment, which is the so-called broker. Brokers play an interactive role between prostitutes and clients’ platforms.In addition to the above-mentioned main prostitutes,The gang members also include financial and administrative personnel..In order to escape the attack, the gang also has special cashiers, who take out the whoring money with bank cards obtained by improper means and deposit them in their accounts to physically isolate the illegal income.

　　Ministry of Public Security: Zero tolerance for crimes involving pornography

　　After the case was solved, the person in charge of the Public Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security said that the case was an outstanding case of online and offline hook-up implementation, professional operation of technical teams and prostitution crimes of transnational organizations, and it was an excellent model of Chinese-foreign police cooperation, which accumulated valuable experience for deepening the crackdown on similar cases.The person in charge of the Public Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security said that the China police should keep a high-pressure and strike hard at illegal and criminal activities involving pornography, especially gang crimes, and insist on cracking down and eliminating all evils.

　　Zhang Zuoliang, deputy director of the Public Security Administration of the Ministry of Public Security, said: "In view of the laws and characteristics of this kind of crime, we will constantly innovate the tactics and tactics, continue to deepen and intensify the crackdown, and resolutely cut off the personnel chain, capital chain, technology chain and interest chain of transnational and interregional criminal gangs."

　　The black chain composed of organizers, operators, profiters and behind-the-scenes "umbrellas" of crimes involving pornography is hidden in the network. How to effectively and accurately crack down? This requires the joint efforts of all parties in the Internet industry. Among them, it is proved to be a good way to counter cyber crimes by technical means.

　　Zhong Zhenkun, Network Security Expert of Internet Guardian Program:"We will also have the ability to continuously optimize the risk control of big data and the ability to identify such illegal behaviors, including when the WeChat user accesses some harmful links through WeChat, a built-in mobile housekeeper identification module will also block such harmful links to protect a related right of the user."

Journal no 27556 on June 26th, 2022.period

In the final analysis, when I choose a theme, it touches me in a certain place, and it is very cinematic, not the story of words or novels, nor the development of characters, nor the elaboration of relationships.

Ang Lee

Director Ang Lee accepted an interview with TVBS Master Lecture Hall after the Golden Horse Film Festival last year, and shared his 30-year mental journey and his views on the future development of film and television around the "dream of human science and technology film", and also encouraged the younger generation who are enthusiastic about film to let go and create a new generation.

The following is the complete video (long time, recommended collection):

01

Choose a script instead of reading a story

Moment is the soul

Ang Lee thinks that the most important thing in a script is not the story, but whether there is a "Moment" in the story that can move people.

Ang Lee wrote his first three scripts in his film career. He laughed and said that he wrote his own scripts at that time in order to win the script award. However, since The Wedding Banquet became famous, the scripts flew like snowflakes. Ang Lee said that he didn’t have a certain film type or content, but there are usually some elements that can impress him: "Lust, Caution tells existentialism through good girls and bad girls; "Ice Storm" is a reverse statement of rationality and sensibility, which I like very much. "

In addition, Ang Lee said that many people think that making a movie means telling a story, but he thinks that a movie is actually not a story, but a feeling that will be moving at a certain moment, like a dream. For example, he said: "In Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Yu Jiaolong, played by Zhang Ziyi, finally jumped into the fog from Wudang Mountain, and there was a feeling of freedom and relief."

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon

As for whether you are worried that what you feel can’t be recognized? Li Anxiao said that he is usually afraid after finishing, hesitant before taking it, and even self-doubt, but he thinks: "Art is more valuable because it can bravely face what we are confused and unclear. This is called art!"

02

Flip movie specifications with technology

Self-disclosure "I am a low-tech person"

Ang Lee shot Gemini Man in 2019, with 3D/4K/120 frames, and used 500 visual effects personnel to create a young version of Will Smith, which thoroughly transformed advanced technology into art, but Ang Lee said that he was actually a "Low Tech" person.

"I am a very Low Tech person. Give me your iPhone. I won’t use anything other than making a phone call." Speaking of his own weakness, director Ang Lee smiled with relief, but Ang Lee was not worried at all, because he knew that the professional should be handed over to the professional. The film "Gemini Man" was presented with high technology, but it was not the first time that Ang Lee applied high technology to the film. In 2016, Ang Lee had already broken through the film history, and clearly described everyone’s face in the film with the revolutionary specifications of 4K/120 frames at that time. "My eyes saw something. If there is a better way, I will ask those who know science and technology to help you. I will tell him and he will help me develop it. Therefore, I have a lot of ideas now. What I want to do is something at the forefront of science and technology, but my own knowledge and my sexual orientation are very backward. "

Gemini Man.

"I don’t know about the sufferings of the people. If I knew it was so difficult, I might not ask for it, but I kept pushing him (the technician). As long as he didn’t say that he wanted to jump off a building, sometimes he was forced to do something that could not be done. You made it. In fact, I think to put it bluntly, the movie is a virtual thing." Although he is at the forefront of science and technology, Ang Lee understands that the whole film industry seems to have encountered a bottleneck. "In fact, our progress is very slow. I think it has been many years slower than it should have happened, that is, everyone refuses to move forward. This phenomenon, I think this is a place that puzzles me."

Ang Lee understands that this is because movies have a set of laws, and this law follows the habits of the audience. "I think that if we all use virtual words now, at least in our perception, it is not acceptable, unless you are doing things like Avatar and Superhero, that is, everyone knows that you are a virtual world." Ang Lee said that different film types have different traditions, and films have to be convinced if they want to sell well.

Gemini Man.

"You will know that I am watching a romantic movie now, how can I appreciate it? It has a rule over there, and action movies have some types. This is a habit, and you are not convinced. You can mix, but you can’t mess around, shoot like life, it won’t Work. " However, Ang Lee is convinced that even if a movie needs a very real scene, investing in technology can still convince the audience that the movie should be smarter. "Many movie restrictions can be broken. If it’s digital, if you nail a board to get it, it’s actually smarter, that is, how to preview, Pretend that something happens, you Stage it, and after you get it out, the audience can believe that you can be involved in the story with you, and you can do it anyway. "

03

Only by making movies can you feel really alive.

"I didn’t want to say, I don’t make a movie to do, have tried! Then you just don’t shoot for a year. If you don’t shoot for two years, it will be very uncomfortable, feel bored, and then you can’t say it, and then your mind has been thinking about the movie. " Ang Lee recalled his long life as a filmmaker. There were two points in time when he thought about his persistence. The first point was when he couldn’t make a movie.

Pushing hands

"When I couldn’t make a movie at that time, I thought about what I was doing. Then I really won’t do anything. There was pressure from family and economy. What would I want to do at that time? At that time, I just wanted to make a movie. Why didn’t I have a chance? Just give me a chance. " Ang Lee recalled that when he was filming the first movie Pushing Hands, he was very bitter. He had to rely on himself for everything, and it was the first time that he had his own insistence.

"And when Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was finished, I was in poor health, and I was really exhausted. At that time, I would feel that I had said enough, but I didn’t know what to do after stopping for three months. There is a new thing that can be thrown and forgotten. It seems that it is the same as a woman giving birth to a child. It is painful to forget it after a while and then (born). " Ang Lee said with a smile that at this age, there is no need to insist on this matter. "I will even tell young people that you have other choices and you’d better do something else. It’s really not practical. Then they won’t listen. It doesn’t matter if you insist on it."

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon

04

Making a movie is like giving birth to a child, just forget about the labor pain.

Now I want to shoot until I am 300 years old.

Ang Lee exposed himself twice, and after insisting, he had the idea of letting go of the directing barrel.

The first time was when I filmed Pushing Hands. At that time, my wife was ill and the baby was born with a hard life. But at that time, I tried to get through it because I was unwilling. "I finally realized after filming, and I want to say that I can go back to the shore."

The second time, when filming Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Ang Lee revealed his physical condition after filming and convinced himself that "enough is enough", but after three months’ rest, he still kept thinking about making a movie. Ang Lee described making a movie as like giving birth to a child. "When I was born, I said I would never give birth again, and then I had another one soon after.".

However, even though there is no special insistence on the screenplay at present, Ang Lee said that there are still too many things he wants to shoot. He laughed and said that he hopes to live to be 300 years old because he still owes too many people things. "The theme is endless. Our generation pursues self-worth and belonging, but how to dream in this generation is their topic."

　　What is vegetarian meat?

　　Or vegetable meat, that is, it is made by using vegetable protein raw materials, mainly soybean protein, wheat protein, pea protein, etc., and adding plant hemoglobin synthesized by yeast.

　　What is artificial meat?

　　Refers to vegetable protein meat and clean meat, also known as vegetarian meat and test-tube meat.

　　In fact, artificial meat has long been used. The well-known lunch meat, ham sausage, etc. are all filled with soybean protein and are all processed from soybean meal.

　　What is test tube meat?

　　Myoblasts or totipotent stem cells isolated from animals are cultured in nutrient solution to promote them to form muscle-like tissues, which are similar in appearance and taste to traditional meat.

　　Zhang Bo, a researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Products Processing of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that researchers in the United States and the Netherlands have made breakthroughs in the research of this product, which is called clean meat or test-tube meat.

　　Recently, the new word artificial meat has come into public view.

　　What exactly is artificial meat? Will the future go to the people’s table?

　　Why study artificial meat?

　　The main solution is not the food problem.

　　Many people in the industry said in an interview that artificial meat is only a convenient expression for the public to understand. Strictly speaking, the so-called artificial meat refers to vegetable protein meat and clean meat, and some are also called vegetarian meat and test-tube meat.

　　Among the top ten breakthrough technologies in the world in 2019 published by MIT Technology Review, the artificial meat burger was selected together with the new wave of nuclear energy and customized cancer vaccine.

　　"This confirms the technical breakthrough of replacing meat with plant raw materials." Xue Yan, secretary-general of China Botanical Food Industry Alliance, said that with the concern for the environment and the pursuit of their own health, people hope to replace animals with plant raw materials, which can not only meet the taste demand, but also reduce the impact of food industry on the natural ecological environment and reduce energy consumption.

　　Li Jian, an associate professor at the College of Food Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, believes that the rise of artificial meat is behind the changes in human eating and consumption patterns, and it is also a sign of the rise of the alternative food market. Consumers’ understanding and acceptance of artificial meat and the rationality of food prices will be the key to whether this technology can have a future market.

　　"Objectively speaking, at this stage, synthetic foods such as artificial meat mainly solve not food problems, but more cultural problems and social health needs." David Parry, CEO and director of American Indigo Agriculture, said.

　　What does artificial meat taste like now?

　　It is still difficult to simulate the taste of real meat.

　　The reporter searched artificial meat in China HowNet and found many academic articles. Among them, the article "Commercialization Technology of Artificial Meat Mass Production" points out that the market acceptance of related products is still very low, and the fundamental reason is that artificial meat products can not realistically simulate the quality of real meat at this stage. In order to produce artificial meat products that meet the needs of the public, it is necessary to carry out a series of commercial processing and reshaping treatment of artificial meat products. For the color problem of meat, the biosynthesis of heme and hemoglobin from different sources is being studied at home and abroad, but it has not yet reached the conditions for mass production.

　　Many researchers believe that it is difficult to simulate the taste of real meat at present. "We can make beef patties with vegetable protein, but it is difficult to make steaks, braised pork and braised ribs. How to simulate the taste of real meat is one of the key points of current scientific research. " Kai Zhong, deputy director of Kexin Food and Nutrition Information Exchange Center, said.

　　Zhang Bo believes that "the nutritional components of plant protein and animal protein are different, and how to extract nutrients to ensure the nutritional components of artificial meat is also the focus of current research and development."

　　Is there any artificial meat in the market?

　　Immature products are more like commercial gimmicks

　　In the future, will artificial meat really go to the people’s table and become a substitute for meat?

　　Optimistic people in the industry believe that in the long run, consumers pay more attention to eating healthier after solving the problem of eating enough. Artificial meat contains higher protein and lower fat, which is a good source food in protein. With people’s attention to nutrition and health, vegetarian vegetable meat has a certain market base and consumer groups.

　　However, most experts say that it is still difficult to replace meat with artificial meat on a large scale.

　　The reporter found that at present, artificial meat is more like a commercial gimmick. Rui Liu, an associate researcher at the Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that to develop plant meat with similar senses to real meat products, the production technology requires higher requirements. For clean meat cultured with animal cells or tissues, it simulates the physiological environment in vivo, and makes isolated cells or tissues survive, grow and maintain their structure under aseptic, moderate and rich nutritional conditions. At present, there are no mature products on the market, and it is unknown whether consumers can accept them or not, and the market prospect is also unknown.

　　In addition, the high cost is an important reason that restricts the commercialization of artificial meat. "Although the current cost has been greatly reduced compared with a few years ago, it is still much higher than traditional meat." Xue Yan said.

　　Li Jian said that the future development of plant meat is still promising, but plant protein has some fishy smell, which seriously affects the quality of plant meat and needs to be overcome.

　　The development of artificial meat in the future is still inseparable from the adjustment and change of the diet structure and eating habits of the founding people.

　　Diner reaction

　　Eel, kebab, Wuxi chop, sweet and sour fillet … … In some elegant vegetarian restaurants in Beijing, the vegetable meat made of vegetable protein and mushrooms can be cooked, not only the appearance can be confused, but also the taste is very similar.

　　Mr. He, a Beijing resident who frequents vegetarian restaurants, said that vegetarian dishes feel healthier and have been addicted to eating meat.

　　Market supply

　　Outside the venue of the 2019 Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, USA, the beef burger on the fast food truck is not an ordinary beef burger. The beef smell people smell actually comes from artificial meat. The new beef burger released by American Impossible Foods Company is completely free of cholesterol, animal hormones and antibiotics. Compared with the traditional beef burger, it has lower calories and belongs to plant meat.

　　CCTV News:During the Tomb-Sweeping Day holiday, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Nanning and Kunming Bureau Group Corporation started the red tourism theme train, allowing passengers to follow the red footprint on the high-speed rail. Chengdu, Shenyang, Taiyuan, and Jinan Bureau Group Corporation have run several special tours for rural sightseeing. Xinjiang Railway has opened 132 passenger trains, and at the same time, it has opened 18 special trains from Urumqi to Hami, Turpan and Aksu.

　　During the Qingming holiday this year, China Railway Lanzhou Bureau Group is expected to send 840,000 passengers, with an average of 210,000 passengers per day. From April 2, it is planned to open more trains from Lanzhou to Xi ‘an, Tianshui and Jiayuguan to ensure the travel needs of holiday passengers. At the same time, Lanzhou Railway Department has also launched the "train tour around the west" spring tour special train products, including 4 tourist special trains, 15 group tours and 2 weekend tours.

　　During the Qingming holiday this year, Nanchang Bureau Group of China Railway is expected to send 3.65 million passengers, mainly to visit graves to worship ancestors, go for an outing and visit relatives and go home. In order to meet the travel needs of passengers during the Qingming holiday, the railway department scientifically allocated capacity, added 147.5 pairs of trains, and customized flower viewing routes, root-seeking routes and red tourist routes to facilitate passengers’ travel.

　　Last weekend, there were only two new films in the North American film market, and Abominable, released by Universal Pictures, took $20.85 million at the weekend box office, ranking first in the box office list.

　　Abominable, jointly produced by American DreamWorks under Universal Pictures and Oriental DreamWorks under Chinese Culture, tells a touching story of a group of friends who crossed half of China and went through hardships to escort the legendary Himalayan snow monster home. It is worth mentioning that this film is the first animated feature film set in contemporary China and released worldwide. At present, the media reputation and audience feedback are excellent.

　　Abominable’s $20.85 million first weekend box office fully reflected the market’s desire for long-lost family movies, and also made it the best original animated feature film (non-sequel, series and derivative works) so far this year. At the same time, Abominable is also the third original work that won the weekend box office list in 2019 after We and Good Boys — — Yes, all three works are distributed by Universal Pictures. In Hollywood, where remakes and series of works have become popular, Universal Pictures has become the mainstay of original power.

"Abominable" stills

　　However, the production cost of "Abominable" reached $75 million, and I’m afraid it’s not enough to rely on the North American box office. How much the film can finally earn mainly depends on the performance of the film in China’s National Day file — — The film will be shown in China on October 1st, the National Day.

　　In addition, after the film was released, many media, including The New York Times, wrote articles affirming the candidate for the original voice actor of Abominable. Chloe Bennet, a Chinese-American mixed-race born in Chicago, is responsible for dubbing the leading actor Xiaoyi, and many other dubbing actors, including Zhou Caiqin, have Chinese backgrounds. This is undoubtedly an improvement in Hollywood, where "whitewashing" is a common practice. Jill Culton, the director, said: "I never thought that white actors would represent the role of Chinese. After all, this time we are going to present a different culture from ourselves. At this time, as directors, we must be extra careful."

Judy poster

　　Another new film released last weekend is the biographical film Judy, starring René e Renée Zellweger, which tells the tragic life of the legendary Hollywood superstar Judy Garland. René E Zellweger’s wonderful performance in the film has won her great popularity, and she is expected to hit the best actress Oscar statuette with this film. Judy was only shown in 461 theaters last weekend, which was not a big one, and finally won the weekend box office of $3.09 million, ranking seventh in the list.

　　In fact, there was another new film scheduled to premiere last weekend, that is, The Hunt by Universal Pictures. The film, starring Hilary Swank and Emma Roberts, is based on the classic short story The Most Dangerous Game, and tells the horror story that twelve strangers are inexplicably hunted by a group of elites. On August 3rd and 4th this year, two large-scale shootings occurred in El Paso, Texas and Dayton, Ohio, which killed more than 30 people. Under this background, Hunting, which was being promoted all over the United States at that time, announced that it would withdraw its original release plan and suspend various publicity activities.

　　The novel "The Most Dangerous Game" was published in 1924, and there have been more than a dozen film and television works remake here in history. However, this adaptation is said to have incorporated many current social realities in the United States. Once the trailer came out, it attracted many speculations from the left and right factions in the United States, and even President Trump of the United States criticized "Hunting" for fanning the flames and creating contradictions, which eventually forced Universal Pictures to withdraw it from the schedule last weekend.

　　September 27-September 29 North American weekend box office list

　　1. Abominable, 20.85 million dollars.

　　2. Downton Abbey is $14.5 million.

　　3. "The dancer" is $11.47 million.

　　4. "The Clown Comes Back to Soul 2" is $10.4 million.

　　5. Ad Astra 10.14 million dollars.

　　6. "First Blood 5" 8.57 million US dollars

　　7. Judy is $3.09 million.

　　8. Good Boys, $2.01 million

　　9. The Lion King is $1.6 million.

　　10. The Fall of Angels is $1.53 million.

　　Reporter Cheng Xiaojun

Special topic: picture channel

　　

〉〉〉〉〉〉Click the video to play.〈〈〈〈〈〈

　　

　　　　China News Service, Guangzhou, March 2nd (Reporter Tang Guijiang) The men’s team final was held at the Guangzhou World Table Tennis Championships on the evening of March 2nd. China, the most powerful team in table tennis today, once again met the South Korean team in a narrow way. Three tigers of China, Ma Lin, Wang Hao and Wang Liqin, joined hands to play, successfully defeated their opponents 3-0, and won the men’s team championship trophy at the World Table Tennis Championships for the fourth time in a row.

　　　　In this World Table Tennis Championships, the China Men’s Team reached the final with unbeaten record, and only Wang Liqin lost a point in the group match against Romanian Philemon; Although Sang Eun Oh didn’t come, he had Ryu Seung-min and Li Ting. And Zhu Shihe’s South Korean team is still frightening, and they also won a total victory in this World Table Tennis Championships.

　　　　It is completely expected that China and South Korea will meet in the men’s team finals. These two strongest teams in men’s table tennis have staged classic battles in the world table tennis for more than ten years. Ryu Seung-min of the South Korean team once defeated Wang Hao of China at the Athens Olympic Games and won the Olympic singles title. Zhu Shihe is regarded as the best chopper in table tennis today, and his combination has considerable strength to win the championship.

　　　　Ma Lin of the China team first played against Ryu Seung-min, the first main force of the South Korean team. Ma Lin played quite easily and confidently today and has been effectively controlling the rhythm of the stadium. Ryu Seung-min, on the other hand, was a little nervous. The ball never opened, and there were many mistakes. As a result, Ma Lin quickly swept her opponent by three to one, making the first contribution for the China team.

　　　　World No.1 Wang Hao went on to compete with South Korean teenager Li Ting? Against each other, Wang Hao aroused the fighting spirit under the unfavorable situation of losing one game first. At the beginning of the second game, Wang Hao overtook his opponent most of the time and won three games in a row, helping China to win the next city with a score of three to one, and China led by a big score of two to zero.

　　　　In the third set, Wang Liqin played against South Korean team Zhu Shihe. Wang Liqin changed the habit of "slow heating" in the past, and launched a fierce offensive from the beginning with great momentum. Although Zhu Shihe was called "the world’s number one chopper", it was obvious that Wang Liqin’s offensive was unstoppable only by his chopping skills, and the game was completely one-sided. Wang Liqin quickly picked the opponent off by 3-0, which sealed the victory of the whole game for China.

　　　　In this way, China defeated the South Korean Tai Chi Tiger by a score of 3-0, and won the men’s team championship in the World Table Tennis Championships again, which is the 16th time in the history of China team to win the championship.

Group photo of participating players

After five days of fierce competition, on the evening of January 20th, the 2020 "Upstream Genius Cup" jointly sponsored by Upstream News and Chongqing Genius Football Club decided the champions of all age groups. Tiangong School narrowly beat Chongqing teenager 5:4 to win U8 group championship, Nankai Primary School beat Chongqing Shan Ying in a penalty shootout to win U10 group championship, and Shanxi Frontier beat Beijing Dawei 2:1 to win U12 group championship.

At 5 pm on the 20th, the sky was getting dark and the temperature dropped suddenly, but it was hot in the 8D air football park in Yubei District. The 2020 "Upstream Genius Cup" which started on the 16th entered the final competition.

In the U8 Group Finals of Five-a-side, the reporter from chongqing morning post, the upstream news, met the children of Tiangong School who had been interviewed before, and they printed their nicknames on the back of their jerseys, which left a deep impression on the reporter.

In the final, the "alien" Mao Yilin, who had previously staged a five-dollar drama, still performed well, leading the team to a 5:2 lead in the second half. The Chongqing teenager chased two goals before the end of the game, but still lost 4:5.

In the end, Mao Yilin raised the championship trophy on behalf of Tiangong School, and he was always shy and generously shouted "Xiongqi" to the reporter’s camera.

U10 final scene

Subsequently, the finals of U10 and U12 of the eight-person system also started at the same time. In the U10 final, Chongqing Shan Ying, who was mainly composed of students from Cave Primary School in Shapingba District, took the lead at 1:0 in the first half. However, Nankai Primary School equalized the score by taking advantage of the set-pieces in the second half, and then the competition between the two sides was fierce, and finally the game was dragged into a penalty shootout.

In the end, Shan Ying missed two goals, while Nankai Primary School made five free throws, and finally won the U10 championship.

As one of the most influential youth brand competitions in China, the 2020 "Upstream Genius Cup" not only attracted more than 30 local teams, but also attracted 8 teams from other provinces and cities such as Beijing, Taiyuan and Changchun.

U10 champion receives the prize.

In U12, the oldest group, the final was played between two foreign teams. The frontier club from Taiyuan, Shanxi Province was dominant, but the Beijing Dawei Club, which was mainly composed of students attached to Beijing Medical University, was also very tenacious.

In the first half, Tian Yichen, No.6 at the forefront of Shanxi Province, took advantage of a direct free kick to go to the next city. However, in the second half, he played a great defensive counterattack by the club, and was beautifully pulled back by captain No.7 Liu Jiashun. However, Tian Yichen scored twice with a long-range shot and finally helped the team win the championship. He was also named the best player in Group U12 of the 2020 Upstream Genius Cup.

After the game, Zhao Yindong, the captain of Shanxi Frontier, told reporters that it was his first time to come to Chongqing, and he was very happy to win the "Upstream Genius Cup" this time, hoping to come to Chongqing again in the future.

Zhao Yindong, captain of u12 of Shanxi Frontier Football Club, holds the championship trophy.

After the game, Guo Fei, general manager of Genius Club, told reporters that this year is the third time that the upstream Genius Cup was held. The original intention of the tournament was to hope that there would be a platform for communication between Chongqing and youth clubs all over the country. The previous two competitions attracted more than 100 teams from more than ten provinces and cities across the country, with more than 1,500 young players and coaches. This year, there were 38 teams participating in the upstream Genius Cup, with nearly 500 participants.

Guo Fei expressed the hope that the "Upstream Genius Cup" will be made into a nationally influential youth brand competition in the future, so that more children can show their football skills on this platform and make their own contribution to the development of youth football in Chongqing.

It is reported that the upstream talented football youth training camp jointly created by upstream news and talented football has been launched, and the winter vacation classes have been started one after another since January 11, offering foreign teachers’ preschool classes, junior high school special recruitment classes, basic classes and promotion classes for students of different levels aged 4-16. Parents of interested children can find the "Upstream Genius Football Youth Training Camp" page in the activity area of upstream news, make an appointment to participate in the experience and enjoy exclusive discounts.

Upstream News chongqing morning post Reporter Tang Hao Photography Hi-Tech

Please poke the upstream genius football youth training camp for registration.

[Disclaimer] The texts, pictures, audio and video that are not marked with "Source: Upstream News-chongqing morning post" or "Upstream News LOGO" on the upstream news client are all reposted. If the reposted manuscript involves copyright issues, please contact the upstream news.

Special feature of 1905 film network　"Is the play fast? Shouldn’t this be a normal rhythm? " When Guo Jingfei was interviewed by a group of media, he heard the comments of netizens on his new drama "I am Yu Huanshui", which was "short in length and fast in pace", and responded inexplicably.

There are only 12 episodes of "I am Yu Huanshui", which was premiered last Monday and ushered in the pre-on-demand finale on April 14th. This kind of rhythm really makes the audience accustomed to "chasing drama and running" shine.

The drama series got a good score of 8.4 points/53,000 people in Douban, which became the highest score in the opening year of domestic drama. "Short and pithy" is the key word of "Yu Huanshui".

"Yu Huanshui" can be "through to the finale" after a week’s release.

Coincidentally, there are only 18 episodes, 22 episodes and 12 episodes of Longling Cave, Imperfect She and detective chinatown, which have been released recently. In the future, there will be a number of "short plays" such as White Moonlight, Cloister Pavilion, Double Exploration, Silent Truth and Dear Freud.

In February this year, the State Administration of Radio and Television issued the "Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of the Creation and Production of TV dramas on the Internet", which mentioned that the shooting and production of TV dramas advocated no more than 40 episodes and encouraged the creation of short dramas within 30 episodes.

Under the double addition of policy guidance and market demand, does the popularity of "Yu Huanshui" mean that domestic network short plays have ushered in a "new era of development"?

Short duration, not short quality.

The new trend of network short play

The concept of "short play" mainly involves two levels: one is "the length of time", and the single episode is within 15 minutes; Second, "the number of episodes is small". Domestic online dramas usually take 12 episodes as the baseline, which is the lower limit of the number of episodes of many platform cooperation dramas, and the upper limit is generally not more than 30 episodes.

Depending on the characteristics of the network platform, short drama and seasonal broadcast have always been the main modes of online drama. However, unlike the early "family workshop" online drama, the development of online short drama in recent years has shown an obvious "boutique" trend.

Traditional film and television companies have entered the game. I am Yu Huanshui, jointly produced by Noon Sunshine and Iqiyi, brings together the "golden team" at noon: Hou Hongliang is the producer, screenwriter Wang Sanmao and Lei Zi have written Everything is Fine, and director Sun Molong has directed Parents’ Love.

Behind Longling Cave, Wanda Pictures is one of the producers. "Imperfect She" is a collaboration between Penguin Film and Dongshen Film. The earlier Oriental Wall Street was jointly produced by Tencent and FOSS. The entry of traditional film and television companies into the online drama market, especially the short drama market, will boost the upgrading of quality and volume.

At the same time, more and more "movie café s" are testing water network short plays. From Han Sanping’s early Crime Without a Certificate, starring Qin Hao, to the recent Imperfect She, which is composed of Zhou Xun, Kara Wai and Angie Chiu, and then to Guan Hu’s Longling Cave.

In the future, Liao Fan (Silent Truth), Duan Long (Double Detective), Wang Qianyuan (Sisyphus), Song Jia (White Moonlight) and other famous actors will also enter the show. Short plays and longer plays emphasize the so-called "film texture", and this "cross-border" will undoubtedly add to this.

"White Moonlight" stars Song Jia.

Wang Xiaohui, chief content officer of Aiqiyi, once summed up the characteristics of online short plays: "It’s either short or good, but short plays are easy to make fine." Short plays should attract audiences, shape characters and unfold plots within a limited space, which puts higher demands on writers, directors and actors.

In the first six episodes of "I am Yu Huanshui", the protagonist experienced high-energy plots such as car crash, cancer and organ trafficking, and completed the roller coaster experience from the bottom to the bottom, and then rebounded, which could not be finished in 30 episodes of traditional drama. A bitter but true image of "social animals" has also jumped onto the screen.

The audience can’t help but comment: "It would be great if all the plays were finished in 12 episodes."

At present, most of the domestic online short plays are suspense and crime themes. With the appearance of works such as Imperfect She with female theme and I am Yu Huanshui with absurd realism style, the short play market presents a trend of more diversified theme types and increasingly "high-quality".

Advantages and challenges

Will short plays become mainstream?

Although Qingpingle, which was broadcast almost at the same time as I am Yu Huanshui, was produced by midday sunshine, it suffered different fate in online word of mouth.

Because of the volume of 69 episodes and slow narrative rhythm, netizens sent the director "Kaizhou Zhang" to a hot search. Although the overall production of the series is excellent, the score is still around 8 points, but the rhythm of "Qingpingle" is not in line with the viewing habits of the online students.

According to the official data of iQiyi, the abandonment rate of long dramas is rising rapidly, reaching 56% in the first quarter of 2018. At the same time, the novelty rate of the last episode of short dramas with less than 24 episodes reached 20%, and that of long dramas with more than 45 episodes was only 6%. Users are more likely to pay for high-quality short plays.

A Le, who is engaged in the development of online drama, told Xiao Dianjun that the current audience is "getting impatient". They usually brush Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and bilibili, and the video will be scratched if it fails to attract his attention for 3 seconds. This habit will naturally be brought to the process of watching the drama, so the requirement put forward by the platform is often a word "fast".

In February this year, the Notice issued by the State Administration of Radio and Television clearly pointed out that it was resolutely opposed to artificial "water injection" and lengthening the number of episodes, and short drama creation within 30 episodes was encouraged. From January to November, 2019, the average number of recorded TV dramas has dropped from 40 episodes in the same period last year to 38 episodes, and the total number of episodes has dropped by 27%. The creation of short plays with "concentration is the essence" is both a policy orientation and a market demand.

At the 7th China Internet Audio-visual Conference held last year, Wang Xiaohui predicted that "short plays will reach a phenomenal peak in the next three years." Platforms such as Youaiteng have also accelerated the layout of online short plays.

On February 25th this year, Youku released the "White Paper on Youku Short Play Cooperation", which fully opened the cooperation of short play content, and provided partners with a series of services such as content distribution, joint marketing and commercialization realization through Youku content open platform.

Content demand of Youku short play

White Moonlight, co-produced by Youku and Wuyuan Culture, starring Yu Entai and Song Jia, and Cloister Pavilion, adapted from Keigo Higashino’s novel, are highly anticipated.

Iqiyi has created strong genre short plays for users through two theaters: Love Youth Theater and Strange Suspense Theater, and produced many dramas such as Hancheng, Ferry of Soul, The Best of Us, Little Master and Slow Down. In the future, there will be Silent Truth starring Liao Fan and White, and Very Witness starring Song Yang.

Tencent, Oriental Wall Street, Longling Cave and Imperfect She are all jointly produced by Penguin Film and Television. Tencent video also launched the "hot pot drama" incentive plan in conjunction with hot pot video. Short plays such as "Double Detective" starring Duan Long and "Skyscraper" directed by Chen Zhengdao will also meet the audience soon.

Skyscraper (16 episodes) directed by Chen Zhengdao, Zhaoren Xu and Wu Zhongtian is highly anticipated.

While the prospect is bright, the network short play market is also facing many challenges.

First of all, although short plays are not low in cost, the pursuit of "quality" and "film sense" often means higher investment. As a producer and chief screenwriter, Chen Sicheng once revealed that the production cost of a single episode of the online drama "detective chinatown" exceeded 10 million yuan. The rough estimate cost of Oriental Wall Street is more than 32 million RMB.

In contrast to the high investment, it is a relatively short period, and it is difficult for short plays with more than 10 episodes to play the "long tail effect". Without joint investment with the platform side, according to the current mode of buying dramas mainly based on the number of episodes, the profit space of producers is limited. The short broadcast cycle also poses a challenge to publicity and marketing, and it is not easy to gradually ferment word of mouth.

In addition, the audience in China have not fully adapted to the rhythm of short plays and the mode of weekly shifts, and the habit of watching plays needs to be gradually cultivated. For example, many viewers reflected in the barrage of "I am Yu Huanshui" that 12 episodes are not enough to watch, and it takes too long to wait for a week to update.

In the long run, the combination of long and short dramas will still be the development direction of the online drama market for a long time to come. As pointed out in the Notice of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, "the number of episodes of TV plays depends on the content." The number of episodes is not the standard to judge the quality of dramas, but the right way to create online dramas is to refuse to inject water, reduce the quantity and increase the quality, and deepen the content.

Guo Jingfei’s words in the interview are very thought-provoking: "Many people watch TV dramas at twice the speed. Why should we torture the audience like this? Cut all the things that should be cut well. Isn’t this respect for the audience? "

People’s Daily Online, Beijing, November 1 (Reporter Yang Lei) On October 31, the 2023 FISU Football World Cup ended in Jinjiang, Fujian. Beijing Normal University beat paulista University of Brazil in the women’s final and won the championship, while paulista University men’s soccer team won the men’s championship.

On the afternoon of October 31st, the battle for the women’s championship of the 2023 FIFA World Cup in Jinjiang was held at the training ground of Jinjiang Football Center. The team of Beijing Normal University, which represented China, played against the team of paulista University in Brazil, and the two sides fought for 120 minutes and drew 2:2. In the final penalty shootout, Beijing Normal University won the championship with a total score of 7:6.

"Today, we made full preparations for playing for 120 minutes and presented a very wonderful game to everyone. It is our honor to stand on the highest podium again after 12 years. " Bi Yan, former China international and head coach of Beijing Normal University, said after the game.

At the 2011 Shenzhen Universiade, Bi Yan helped the Beijing Normal University women’s football team win the championship by beating the Japanese team 2-1. Twelve years later, as the head coach, she led the team to the highest podium in the world college football again.

In the men’s final, paulista University of Brazil beat the Ukrainian National University of Economics and Business men’s soccer team 7-6 in a penalty shootout and won the championship. Hohai University’s men’s soccer team, representing China, created the best result of China University’s men’s soccer team in the FIBA World Cup, and finally won the eighth place.