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I. Concept and characteristics of intellectual property rights

(1) What is intellectual property?

Intellectual property rights refer to the civil rights that people enjoy on their creative intellectual labor achievements, such as patent right, trademark right, copyright (also known as copyright) and exclusive right to trade secrets. Intellectual property law is the law to protect such civil rights. These rights are mainly property rights. Among them, patent right and trademark right are collectively referred to as "industrial property right". They are civil rights that need to be applied for and examined and approved by the administrative department. The exclusive right to copyright and trade secrets comes into being automatically in accordance with the law when the relevant creative activities are completed.

(2) Similarities and differences between intellectual property rights and general civil rights

Like general civil rights, intellectual property rights also have corresponding protected subjects and objects. Inventors, patentees, registered trademark owners, writers, artists, performers and so on are the corresponding subjects. New technical solutions, trademark logos, written works, music, art works, computer software, etc. are the corresponding objects. Here, a considerable part of the subject and object of patent right and exclusive right of trade secret overlap. After the inventor develops a new technical scheme, he can obtain the patent right by applying to the administrative department for a patent and making the invention public, or he can enjoy the actual exclusive right by keeping it secret. That is to say, the owner of the technical scheme can choose the way of patent protection or the way of trade secret protection.

Different from most civil rights, the emergence of intellectual property rights is much later than other civil rights. Engels believed that most civil rights had been basically formed as early as the Roman Empire of slavery. Industrial property rights only came into being in the modern times when commodity economy and market economy developed. Copyright came into being with the development of printing technology, and gradually developed with the development of new technologies such as recording, video recording and broadcasting. Trade secrets are listed as one of the property rights (that is, intellectual property rights), only after the establishment of the World Trade Organization. At the same time, with the development of economy and technology, the content of intellectual property rights and the scope of protected objects are always changing at a faster speed. So far, it is hard to say that they have "formed".

Like tangible property rights, intellectual property rights are also an exclusive right. That is to say, without the permission of the owner of the property right, others can’t use or make use of it.

Different from tangible property rights, firstly, the object of intellectual property rights is "difficult to develop and easy to copy". If a thief steals a car (tangible property) from the parking lot, he can only sell this car at most to get the stolen money, and he is unlikely to copy several more cars to sell. If a thief steals a software from a software development company, he can copy thousands of copies of the same software and sell them quickly, which is enough to bankrupt the software development company. Second, although intellectual property rights and tangible property rights are exclusive rights, the exclusive rights of tangible property can generally be protected by possessing related objects; The object of intellectual property is certain information (for example, invention is new information of practical technology, trademark is information of commodity source, and work is written information, picture information, audio and video information expressed by the author, etc.), so it is difficult to protect information through "possession". Moreover, the object of tangible property and exclusive rights are generally inseparable. Protecting them is relatively simple. The object and exclusive right of intellectual property are often separated, so it is much more difficult to protect them. For example, the painter sold me a painting, which is undoubtedly an object protected by copyright. This object is in my hand, but if I want to print it on a calendar or a book, I still have to get permission from the painter and pay him. The reason is that the "reproduction right" (that is, one of the exclusive rights in copyright) is still in the hands of the painter and has not been transferred to me with the painting.

These differences between intellectual property rights and tangible property rights make it applicable to the "acquisitive prescription" system of tangible property rights, the responsibility of "returning the original thing" that infringes on tangible property rights, etc., and it is difficult to apply to intellectual property rights. Therefore, we say that intellectual property is a special civil right.

(C) knowledge economy and intellectual property rights

It is precisely because of these differences between intellectual property rights and general civil rights and tangible property rights that it is more necessary to improve and constantly revise intellectual property laws than other laws in the civil field.

In the 200-200 years before the end of the 20th century, developed countries focused on the property law (tangible property law) and the contract law for the sale of goods in their traditional civil laws. The reason is that in the industrial economy, the input of tangible assets such as machinery, land and real estate plays a key role. Since the 1980s and 1990s, in line with the development of knowledge economy, developed countries and a number of developing countries (such as Singapore, Philippines, India, etc.) have gradually changed to focus on intellectual property law and e-commerce law in the field of civil legislation. This is not to say that the traditional property law and contract law are no longer needed, but that the focus has shifted. The reason is that intangible assets such as patent inventions, trade secrets and constantly updated computer programs play a key role in the knowledge economy. With the change of production mode, the legislative emphasis in superstructure will inevitably change. A group of developing countries that have not yet completed the process of industrial economy have realized that in the contemporary era, they still rely on "great efforts and sweat" and still focus on the accumulation of tangible assets, and their economic strength will never catch up with developed countries. It is necessary to promote the accumulation of tangible assets by the accumulation of intangible assets (which mainly refers to the development of "independent intellectual property rights") in order to catch up with developed countries.

A group of Chinese enterprises that can really enter the international market and stand firm, such as Haier in the home appliance industry and Lenovo in the computer industry, have done just that. In their words, it is "promoting industrialization through informationization". At the beginning of 2000, Lenovo introduced a new product that was not too cutting-edge-Internet computer, which included more than 40 patents of its own.

Second, China’s intellectual property legal system

(1) Overview

In 1979, after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, China’s patent law, trademark law and copyright law began to be drafted at the same time. In the Criminal Law of 1979, it was forbidden to use another person’s registered trademark falsely, so that the trademark was given the "exclusive right" from then on and became a "civil right arising from the criminal law". By the way, in the long history of China’s relatively developed criminal law and underdeveloped civil law, many civil rights were generated by criminal law and only protected by criminal law.

In 1982, China promulgated the Trademark Law (revised twice in February 1993 and now); In 1984, China promulgated the Patent Law (revised twice in September 1992 and August 2000). In 1986, China promulgated the General Principles of Civil Law, which clearly stipulated the protection of intellectual property rights. In 1990, China promulgated the Copyright Law to protect copyright, and in June 1991, the State Council promulgated the regulations on the protection of computer software. In September 1993, China promulgated the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, and began to expressly protect trade secrets. In March 1997, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Protection of New Plant Varieties. In addition to several separate laws and administrative regulations, China’s Criminal Law, revised in 1997, also contains a special chapter, which stipulates criminal sanctions against those who seriously infringe trademark rights, copyright, trade secrets and counterfeit others’ patents. At this point, the basic laws and regulations in the legal system of intellectual property protection in China have been possessed.

(2) Explanation of several major laws

China’s Trademark Law mainly protects the exclusive right of registered trademark owners. Since 1993, this protection has included commodity trademarks and service trademarks. Although the main purpose of the Trademark Law is to protect the interests of registered trademark owners, this purpose must first be achieved by protecting the interests of consumers. At this point, the Trademark Law, the Consumer Protection Law and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law overlap. This is not surprising, because these three laws mainly regulate the circulation of goods and services in the market. In the process of enforcing the Trademark Law, the administrative department for industry and commerce or the court measures whether an operator has infringed on the exclusive right to use a trademark of others, mainly to see whether the way he uses a trademark deceives or misleads consumers, that is, whether he uses the same or similar logo as a registered trademark of others without permission.

China’s Patent Law protects three different patent rights, namely invention, utility model and design, with the emphasis on invention patent protection. Members deliberated the revised draft of the Patent Law for three times from April to August last year, and I won’t talk much about this law because it is fresh in my memory.

According to the actual situation in our country, for the registered trademark right and patent right, which are two kinds of intellectual property rights produced by administrative approval, both laws stipulate the functions of administrative organs to mediate and deal with infringement disputes and investigate and deal with some illegal activities. Many foreign laws and WTO intellectual property agreements also allow this kind of administrative law enforcement. Such regulations in China are in line with international practice.

China’s Copyright Law first protects written works, but it goes far beyond "works". Music, dance, movies, television, engineering design, maps, computer software, live performances of actors and so on, all intellectual creations that may be copied, that is, copied, pirated or pirated, are also being protected. Reproduction of works in the form of paper, magnetic tape and film tape belongs to carrier reproduction; The reproduction of a work in the form of performance belongs to the reproduction without carrier. Because of this, international treaties and laws of many countries that protect such achievements are called "copyright law". In Chinese law, "copyright" and "copyright" are synonymous. Works whose publication and dissemination are prohibited by law are not protected in China.

What needs to be emphasized here is the difference between "originality" and "originality" (that is, novelty as mentioned in patent law). The first condition for copyright protection of creative achievements is "originality" That is to say, it can’t be copied, copied or otherwise infringed upon the copyright of others, but it must be created by the author. The requirement of originality is different from that of originality. "Originality" does not exclude "coincidence" in creation. For example, Party A and Party B shot the Badaling Great Wall from the same angle. Although Party A shot first and Party B came last, the two photographs are very similar, but they both enjoy their own copyrights. If B didn’t go to the Great Wall to take photos himself, but copied A’s photographic works, it would be "plagiarism" and he would not enjoy his own copyright. It is precisely because copyright protection does not exclude the same works independently created by each other that it is much more difficult for judicial organs and administrative law enforcement organs to determine whether copyright disputes constitute infringement than in the field of patents and trademarks.

For patented inventions, it is precisely required to be "original". The patent system excludes "coincidence" in development. If A applies for a patent first, but B applies for the same invention later, even if B has never been exposed to the development process of A, and it is entirely his own invention, he will never get a patent again. This is the requirement of "novelty" and the principle of "application first" in China’s Patent Law. Because there are many people who make inventions in the same technical field, when different people apply for a patent for the same invention, the patent examination and approval authority is unlikely to judge who actually made an invention first. Therefore, according to the law, it is presumed that the first application should be accepted, and the others are excluded. Therefore, once our enterprise or research unit has a new invention, we should first consider whether it is possible for others to develop the same technical solution in a short time without relying on me. If you think it is possible, you should apply for a patent as soon as possible, so as not to be excluded from the market by others. When our research results are new scientific discoveries, it is necessary to make them known to the media and publicize them as soon as possible in order to gain the recognition of the "right of first discovery" from peers and even the whole world. But when our development or research results belong to practical inventions (that is, new technical solutions), we should first consider applying for patents and occupying the market. At this time, if you are eager to make it public, you may be preempted by others in the patent application, or you may destroy your own novelty, which is not desirable.

We can’t distinguish the different legal status of scientific discovery and practical invention, and we used to pre-empt publicity indiscriminately, which once made us lose a considerable part of the patent achievements that should have belonged to us. Of course, if you believe that others can’t make the same invention independently without relying on yourself, you can choose to protect your own achievements by means of trade secrets without applying for a patent.

For signs that can be registered and thus enjoy trademark rights, the law requires them to be "recognizable". If "milk" is used as the trademark of bagged milk products, consumers will not be able to distinguish this kind of bagged milk from other bagged milk produced by other manufacturers, which is called no recognition. Only by using such recognizable marks as "Sanyuan", "Mengniu" and "Parmalat" can we distinguish the same goods from different manufacturers, which is the main function of trademarks.

Another problem that needs to be emphasized is that for a long time after China promulgated several laws on intellectual property rights, many people paid much less attention to trademarks than other intellectual property rights. In theory, some people think that trademarks only have a symbolic function, and it seems that they are not intellectual property rights. In practice, some people think that creating famous brands is only a matter of high-tech industries, and primary products (such as ore and grain) do not need trademarks at all. In fact, a trademark has been invested with creative intellectual labor since the right holder chooses the logo. Since then, the continuous improvement of trademark reputation mainly depends on the marketing methods of operators, the technical content invested in improving quality and updating products, etc. These are the results of creative labor. Almost without exception, the primary products of developed countries appear in the market with trademarks. Because they all understand that while operating tangible goods, their intangible property-trademarks will continue to increase in value. Once all your tangible goods are lost (such as average, natural disasters and other force majeure, financial crisis and other commercial risks), at least your trademark is still valuable. The boss of "Coca-Cola" company once said that once all the factories and goods of the company in the world were lost in the fire, he could use the trademark of "Coca-Cola" as a pledge the next day and lend money to resume production. Because every year, the "financial world" evaluates the value of "Coca Cola" to tens of billions of dollars. We once had theorists tell people that if an enterprise goes bankrupt, its trademark will be worthless. In fact, after the collapse of the enterprise,There are many examples where trademarks are still quite valuable. For example, in March 1998, Guangzhou Camera Factory closed down, and the evaluation company estimated the "Pearl River" trademark of the factory at 4,000 yuan, which many people still thought was overestimated. At the auction that month, this trademark sold for 395,000 yuan! Obviously, the reputation of an enterprise that has been invested in trademarks by intellectual labor for many years will never be completely lost immediately because of a temporary business mistake (or other unforeseen accidents). It can be seen that it is very important to improve the trademark awareness of Chinese operators (especially operators of a large number of primary products) for the development of China’s economy.

Since 1980, China has successively joined the World Intellectual Property Organization Convention, the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the universal copyright convention and other major international intellectual property conventions. China, as a developing country, has made rapid progress in both domestic legislation and international cooperation in intellectual property protection. Both the former Director-General and the current Director-General of the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization believe that in just over a decade, China has completed the road that developed countries took hundreds of years to complete.

Of course, the current situation of intellectual property protection in China, which has not established a modern intellectual property legal system for a long time, is not optimistic. In particular, it is still a long way to go to crack down on counterfeit trademarks and various piracy activities.

(C) China’s historical contribution to the intellectual property system

Although many modern civil rights protection systems, including intellectual property protection system, are mainly "imported" from abroad after China’s reform and opening up. It should be noted, however, that copyright protection came into being with the invention of printing technology, but it happened in China at first. In the era of copying creative achievements by hand, there will be no such civil right as "copyright". Because it is impossible for replicators to produce mass copies for their own profit through difficult replication activities, there is no need for creators to control such replication activities.

Printing technology developed greatly in Sui and Tang Dynasties in China. Movable type printing was invented in Song Dynasty. Copyright protection originated from the Song Dynasty in China. A large number of ancient books handed down in the Song Dynasty, such as Fang Yu Sheng Lan, Cong Guimao’s Collection of Poems, clearly recorded the local government’s list of "no copying" and "no copying" at that time, which contained activities of "copying for profit", and the obligee could "report, chase people and destroy the edition" and so on. The litigation procedure and tort liability can be clearly seen in the Copyright Act of Britain until 1956. The "copyright marks" left in these ancient books at that time are almost identical to the formal requirements required by universal copyright convention. The Right to prohibit Copying or copying is exactly the same as the concept of "Copy right" that came into being in the West more than 700 years later and is still in use today. However, this kind of protection in the West only gradually developed more than 500 years after the Song Dynasty, when Gutenberg began to use movable type printing in Germany. China’s historical contribution to printing and copyright protection was recognized by UNESCO as early as the early 1980s.

In the mid-1990s, an American professor, citing the existence of piracy in China at that time, asserted that China had never respected the achievements of intellectual creation since ancient times, and pursued the creed that "stealing books is not stealing" since ancient times. At that time, I published an article in English overseas, pointing out that his assertion was a lack of understanding of the history of China, and comprehensively introduced the records in the above-mentioned ancient books of the Song Dynasty. This article was later quoted by many scholars in the intellectual property field abroad (including the United States). They all agree that since copyright protection came into being with the development of printing, it will inevitably appear in China first.

Of course, confirming China’s contribution to intellectual property rights in history is not to prove that everything is perfect now. After all, time has entered the 21st century. The modern intellectual property system that has just been established in China needs to be continuously improved. Now we are revising several laws on intellectual property rights, which is a good proof that we realize this necessity.

Iii. WTO accession and intellectual property protection

(A) the intellectual property system of the World Trade Organization

The agreements of the World Trade Organization mainly adjust three contents: commodity trade, service trade and intellectual property protection. Commodity trade refers to the sale of tangible goods, which is familiar to everyone. In the WTO agreement, trade in services refers to four situations:

1. Cross-border provision (e.g. telecommunications services, network services);

2. Personnel flow (such as labor export);

3. Spending abroad (such as tourism services);

4. Commercial availability (e.g. financial services provided by foreign banks to set up in China).

Just in the two contents of commodity trade and service trade, it is actually full of intellectual property protection issues.

As far as commodity trade is concerned, all commodities from legal channels have their own trademark protection problems. There are copyright protection issues in commodity packaging, decoration design, and advertisements for promoting commodities (including advertising pictures, advertising words, advertising films and so on). New products with smooth sales channels are generally supported by patents or trade secrets. Most goods from illegal channels have problems such as counterfeit trademarks and piracy. In service trade, the protection of service trademarks and the copyright of advertisements for providing services are the same as those in commodity trade. The difference is that in cross-border services, especially in network services, an enterprise advertising in its own country may infringe on the trademark rights enjoyed by foreign enterprises in foreign countries, because the network is characterized by borderlessness, but the trademark rights are characterized by regionality. This kind of special infringement dispute is impossible in the sale of tangible goods.

There are seven intellectual property rights that WTO requires its member countries to protect: copyright, trademark, invention patent, design, geographical indication, semiconductor integrated circuit design and trade secrets. Among them, the design has been included in China’s Patent Law; Geographical indications will be included in the revised Trademark Law, leaving only the protection of semiconductor integrated circuit design, which has not yet been legislated in China. However, because this creative achievement is updated quickly, the infringer has just copied it, and the updated products of others may have been listed, so the copywriter is unprofitable. Therefore, the members of the WTO did not emphasize the issue of this legislation in the negotiations.

(2) Legislative suggestions on intellectual property rights related to China’s entry into WTO

1. Attention should be paid to "foster strengths and avoid weaknesses" in legislation.

As far as our legislature is concerned, in view of China’s accession to the WTO, we should consider making legislation and amending the law so that our intellectual property system does not conflict with the intellectual property agreement of the WTO (that is, the TRIPS Agreement). To do this, we only need to meet the "minimum requirements" of the intellectual property agreement. At this stage, we don’t need to pursue the high level of protection in developed countries. After China’s entry into the WTO, we should consider using feasible suggestions to urge our representatives to continuously increase the contents conducive to China’s economic development in multilateral negotiations. Of course, it is also a positive way for the legislature to start protecting the intellectual property objects that belong to our strong points at home through legislation. Over the years, a number of countries in Asia and Africa have started to protect folk literature and art in their own domestic laws in an effort to incorporate them into international conventions.

In the next round of multilateral negotiations, the WTO will soon discuss the issue of bringing the protection of "biodiversity" and "traditional knowledge" into the scope of intellectual property rights, which should attract our attention. The protection of a large number of animal and plant species (including endangered animals and plants) unique to China but not abroad belongs to the former; The protection of Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine therapy in China, and the protection of folk literature and art in almost all parts of China belong to the latter. These should be said to be China’s strengths, unlike patents and well-known trademarks, which are obviously still China’s weaknesses in the international arena. The purpose of our concern about these issues is to strive to bring them into the scope of international protection of intellectual property rights. Second, once it is included, we should consider how our legislation can keep up immediately. This will help us to "foster strengths and avoid weaknesses" in the international protection of intellectual property rights, so that China’s intellectual property products in the international market may also continue to increase. Since 1996, the export value of products in the core industries of the copyright industry (namely, software industry, film and television industry, etc.) has exceeded the export value of products in agriculture and machine manufacturing (namely, aircraft manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, etc.). The American Intellectual Property Association regards this as an important symbol that the United States has entered the development period of "knowledge economy".

In addition, I feel that the protection of geographical indications already mentioned in the revised draft of the Trademark Law is not enough. France only has a few geographical indications related to wine, so it knows that it will make a big fuss in domestic laws and international conventions and spare no effort to emphasize their protection. After China joined the Paris Convention for the protection of geographical indications in 1985, France asked us to ban the word "champagne" on our own wines because it is the geographical indication of French wines. In China, there are countless world-famous and protectable geographical marks, such as marble, Laiyang pear and Jinhua ham, which are understated in our legislation. Many Italian stones and stone products, and many stone products in Hualien County, Taiwan Province, China, are called "marble" or marble products in the international market. If we want to give full play to the advantages of geographical indications in the international protection of intellectual property rights after China’s entry into WTO and prohibit others from using them casually, we should first highlight the status of these protected objects in our own laws and strengthen their protection.

Never mention intellectual property as if we are all weak points; When it comes to intellectual property protection, it seems that it only protects foreign things; When it comes to China’s accession to the WTO and the revision of laws on intellectual property rights, we only think about what WTO members ask us to revise. In fact, the first thing we should consider is what are our own strengths? Is there enough protection in this respect?

2. Problems in procedural law

The intellectual property agreement of WTO is the first international treaty to make specific provisions on intellectual property procedural law.

However, we still have some obvious deficiencies in the procedures for protecting intellectual property rights. For example, the preservation of evidence before litigation is a requirement of WTO for the enforcement of intellectual property protection. There is no such system in China’s current Civil Procedure Law, and there is no such system in various existing separate laws on intellectual property rights. For another example, anyone should have the right to directly inquire about registered trademarks. However, there is no legal provision for this in China, and it can’t be done in practice. This kind of defects, if we don’t make provisions in the law, then when we encounter specific cases after China’s entry into WTO, other WTO members will raise them.

3. Necessary amendments unrelated to China’s entry into WTO

The need of "joining WTO" is by no means the only reason for us to amend the laws on intellectual property rights. The WTO has not put forward the requirements, but what is really needed in the practice of China’s market economy development should also be added to the law in the revision. For example, when protecting trademark rights, a large number of developed and developing countries have stipulated that "it is forbidden to change trademarks legally marked by others", which is not explicitly required by the WTO. In the process of China’s transition to a market economy, things that disrupt the market by changing other people’s trademarks often happen. Vendors of some foreign enterprises tore off the "Maple Leaf" trademark on high-quality clothing products in China, painted off the "Lighthouse" trademark on high-quality paint product containers, and then put them on the market in foreign trademark. These acts cannot be prohibited and sanctioned according to China’s Trademark Law. This is very unfavorable to the development of China’s market economy, especially to the development of China’s own famous brands. We can completely consider adding legal provisions prohibiting this kind of behavior in the Trademark Law.

(C) improve people’s awareness of intellectual property protection

We have done a lot of work in revising and perfecting the relevant intellectual property laws and strengthening law enforcement. However, there are still some deficiencies in raising people’s awareness of intellectual property protection. For example, I recently heard a law teacher from a famous university tell students that piracy helps to develop China’s economy, and cracking down on piracy protects foreign products. This actually reflects the views of some people. I think, on the contrary, piracy directly hinders the economic development of our country. First, the illegal income of pirates has never been turned over to the state to develop the economy; Moreover, it is impossible to collect taxes on this large amount of illegal income. The tax missed from here is a big loss to the country. Second, the main victims of piracy activities are domestic enterprises. Just taking software piracy as an example, it is the direct reason why China’s own software industry can’t develop. A foreign enterprise like Microsoft, whose products such as Windows software are sold all over the world, can still make money in many countries and the domestic market of the United States by relying on the original English products and the products of "Korean" and "Japanese". However, if the software developed by our own enterprises, such as "Chinese Star" and "Wubi Chinese Characters", has no market in China because of rampant piracy, their foreign markets will be very limited, and these China software enterprises will have to close down. If the piracy of audio-visual products, books and so on is not dealt a strong blow, the result will be the same. Because the market of these Chinese characters and Chinese cultural products is mainly in China.

When Comrade Deng Xiaoping inspected the audio-visual products enterprises in Shenzhen in early 1992, he first asked them: "Has the copyright problem been properly solved?" It can be seen that advocates of socialist market economy are very aware of the importance of intellectual property protection to the development of China’s economy. China’s legislature, judicial and administrative law enforcement agencies, regardless of counterfeiting activities or piracy activities, have always been clear-cut: resolutely crack down according to law.

After China’s entry into WTO, it is the domestic industry, cultural market and commodity market that will bear the brunt of the challenge of intellectual property protection. Therefore, there is still a lot of work to be done in the popularization of intellectual property law in these fields in China. As far as the popularization of intellectual property rights is concerned, the propaganda of "obeying the law" should not be negative, and it should include at least four aspects.

First, don’t infringe, which means that intellectual property issues should be solved before launching new products; If the product contains other people’s intellectual property rights, it must obtain permission.

Second, after China’s entry into WTO, once foreign enterprises sue us for infringement, we should know what room we have for defense. Quite a few enterprises in China do the opposite. Before launching their products, they simply don’t ask whether they involve other people’s patents, copyrights, etc., and they only know how to do it. When someone accused him of infringement, he immediately messed up and admitted that he was wrong without analysis. Recently, a domestic enterprise came to me and said that a foreign company sued him for infringing foreign patents. What should I do? I said what are you panicking about? If your products are not exported, it is impossible to infringe on "foreign patents" without exporting, because patents are regional. He applied for an American patent, and it is impossible for you to infringe the "American patent" by operating in China; If he only obtained the American patent abroad, it is impossible for you to infringe it by exporting to Japan. Even if he gets a patent in China, do you want to see if their patent protection period expires? Because patents have "statutory timeliness", such as microwave ovens and car seat belts, they were all patented products, but the protection period has already passed. Although many manufacturers are still manufacturing and selling today, it is impossible to infringe the original patent right. Even if the patent has not expired, it depends on whether the patent has expired due to reasons such as not paying the annual patent fee. Even if the above defenses are not established, do you still have to carefully analyze whether all your products fall into the "claim" of its patent? Because patents are not like copyrights and trademarks, there is no "partial infringement". If your product only contains some technical features of his patents, but not all of them, it still cannot be regarded as infringement.Kodak Company of the United States was sued for infringing others’ patents on photosensitive technology, and fought for nine years before it was finally found to be infringing. How can our enterprise "surrender without a fight" as soon as others sue for infringement?

Third, whether at home or abroad, the intellectual property rights already enjoyed by Chinese enterprises and individuals may also be infringed by others. We should pay attention to safeguarding our intellectual property rights according to law. Raising awareness of law-abiding or intellectual property rights is not only for infringers, but also for intellectual property rights holders in China.

Fourth, and most importantly, we should encourage Chinese people to actively develop the fruits that enjoy our independent intellectual property rights. Before the Patent Law was promulgated in China, Yuan Longping applied for the patent of hybrid rice breeding technology in the United States and Australia. In recent years, Sinopec has applied for many patents of certain chemical technologies in many countries around the world, and initially established its own "market protection circle", so that foreign enterprises who want to enter this circle to manufacture and sell related chemical products must obtain permission from Sinopec. Well-known trademarks such as Haier and Lenovo have also begun to break through national boundaries and gain international recognition. These are typical "independent intellectual property rights".

In order to develop China’s economy, we can’t refuse to introduce other people’s innovative achievements. But what we can finally rely on is the innovative spirit of our people. Giving intellectual property protection to innovation achievements is the most effective encouragement to carry forward the spirit of innovation.

China, which has contributed four great inventions to the world and was once the birthplace of copyright protection, will certainly be able to provide more and better innovations to mankind in the new millennium and new century!

(The author is a member of the Law Committee and a researcher at the Institute of Law of the Academy of Social Sciences.)

(28 February 2001)

Wen | No.7 (Luosi Film and Television Research Group)

"The world is very big and keeps walking. If the body can’t arrive, let the taste buds start first. " On the days when we can’t travel far, there is a program that takes a different approach tonight, starting from the embassy in China and starting the "journey of global discovery" on the tip of the tongue. It is the first domestic ambassador’s food creative reality show "Ambassador’s Kitchen" jointly produced by Jiangsu Satellite TV, World Wide Web, Beijing Qiaoyi and Mango TV.

The first stop of the program came to the Argentine Embassy in China. A "food study team" composed of six people, including Jerry Lee, Chun Wu, He Chaolian, Liu Wei, Sun and Boogie, tasted the cooked food and felt the unique cultural charm of Argentina.

The delicacies in and out of the embassy are condensed into the crystallization of cross-cultural communication. The Ambassador’s Kitchen explores the new variety mode of "food+",and under the framework of "food+literature tour+reality show", it has made a "creative fusion dish" where Chinese and foreign food meets the moon and different civilizations blend.

"The Ambassador’s Kitchen" is broadcast on Jiangsu Satellite TV at 21:10 every Sunday and simultaneously launched on Mango TV at 21:40 every Sunday. On the night of the premiere, topics such as # Jerry Lee Chun Wu Sun knows how to cooperate in cooking #, # Sun’s reaction to Liu Wei’s serving in Boogie #, # Boogie Liu Wei’s performance showed a dish by the way #, # Ambassador’s kitchen staff wanted to start broadcasting # boarded the hot search in Weibo, and many viewers called it the international "variety show", "Enjoy the best with the World Cup!"

"Fresh" flavor opening:

It’s the first time to "treasure hunt" in the embassy.

Painted cow sculptures, Diego Maradona jerseys, malbec, Argentina’s national treasure wine variety, and the poster of Argentina’s first film "The Thief" released in China Mainland … Following the footsteps of the "Food Study Team", the mysterious Argentine Embassy in China was "opened" on the screen for the first time, and the novelty came to me. Like Jerry Lee, Chun Wu, He Chaolian and other guests, most of the audience visited and felt the embassy in China for the first time at zero distance, and could not help but exclaim: "So the ambassador curator is like this!"

Follow the program to visit the Argentine Embassy in China.

According to the program setting, the "food study team" is divided into two teams. They will obtain the "food code" of various countries through cultural interaction, food tasting and other links. They will not only reproduce the special dishes, but also combine the "food code" with China cuisine to innovate and develop new dishes that are integrated with China and foreign countries. If the new dishes are favored by the embassy, they can join the "global food menu".

With the theme of "ambassador’s kitchen", the program is not limited to food, but to explore and discover the rich cultural imprint in the embassy and carry out international cultural exchanges. "Where did the tango originate?" "Which instrument is called the soul of tango?" The guests were still immersed in the dance steps of the traditional slow-paced tango in Argentina one second, and the next second they entered the answering session. These interesting questions and answers inadvertently made the guests and the audience get the knowledge of tango. Sabino Vaca Narvaja, Ambassador of Argentina to China, personally demonstrated the brewing method of "yerba mate". From all kinds of tea leaves and teapots to straws with built-in springs, the guests and audience got a deep understanding of this unique Argentine national treasure.

Argentine Ambassador to China Niu Wangdao brewed yerba mate.

When "hard knowledge" softens in a way that you like to see and hear, the overall expression of the program is also smooth and brisk. The broad charm of foreign culture is condensed into the square inch of the embassy, and the "Ambassador’s Kitchen" with a "fresh" taste has firmly grasped the attention of the audience.

The taste of "fun" beats:

Time-limited re-enactment of special dishes, taste buds dancing

As the saying goes, "Food is the most important thing for the people". From the east to the west, from the coast to the inland, from the plains to the mountains, different natural environments have given birth to different food cultures. To understand a country, food is undoubtedly the best way and the most intuitive window. Compared with Japanese food, Korean food and Thai food familiar to Chinese people, Argentine food is relatively small, which also arouses the public’s curiosity-what do Argentines like to eat?

A "special affection" white wine with strong rose fragrance and musk, a roasted jiaozi mixed with lavender fragrance and butter fragrance, a roasted Angus eye meat heart that retains the true taste of beef, and a stewed beef with Giso lentils and a Milani sauce with Nabo beef condensed with Argentine food wisdom … Niu Wangdao, the Argentine ambassador to China, came to an Argentine steakhouse with a "food study team", and the authentic dishes carefully cooked by authentic chefs were enough to make the taste buds dance and bloom.

Argentina special food

"Argentines like salty dishes, but they are not interested in spicy things" "Argentines don’t need heavy ingredients, and they like the authentic taste of real things best" "Argentines like to eat meat, but the feet and heads of animals hardly appear on their dining tables" … With the announcement of the "food code", it not only digs into the depths of food culture, but also arouses the interest of the audience. After the program was broadcast, many diners launched "radar" to search for Argentine restaurants around them.

The re-enactment of food is the highlight of the Ambassador’s Kitchen. According to the saying "I have eaten more salt than you have eaten rice", the "high salt value team" consists of Jerry Lee, Chun Wu and Sun, and the "low salt value team" consists of He Chaolian, Liu Wei and Boogie. Some of them are cooks, and some are experts in cooking. They need to re-create four dishes in 90 minutes, which will be evaluated by overseas Chinese and friends in Argentina.

Guest replica dishes

The whole process can be described as a pot of stewed beef cooked dry in Chun Wu-in full swing. As a reality show part of the program, it not only has a full sense of competition, but also brings the audience a relaxed, healing and interesting sense of entertainment. At the same time, the re-enactment process of the two teams is also a kitchen teaching, returning to the life service function of traditional food variety shows, attracting many food lovers to "get ready".

"Jane" tastes into the heart:

Friendship spans thousands of waters in Qian Shan, and food has no borders.

Argentina is the farthest country from China, right behind China on the earth. No matter which direction you go to Argentina, the distance is about 20,000 kilometers. Two countries so far away, nurtured by different civilizations, have the idea of empathy.

It is not difficult to find that the Argentine national cuisine presented in the program has something in common with China cuisine: roasted jiaozi is quite like our leek box, stewed beef with lentils and stewed beef brisket with radish, which represents the taste of home, and sweet fried dough sticks are also the breakfast choice of Argentines … Different food producing areas, different cooking techniques and different cultural heritages are similar to crossing thousands of waters in Qian Shan. And this distant similarity is probably another expression of "food without borders".

"Journey of Global Discovery" on the Tip of the Tongue

"We realize the life, preferences and even personalities of people from different countries, and we can make friends through food, and food is also a bridge for communication." As guest Boogie said, "The Ambassador’s Kitchen" builds a bridge of delicacies, and the world’s delicacies evoke cultural curiosity, which also leads to the friendship between mountains and seas.

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Arab countries, and it is also the year of China-Arab friendship and cooperation in 2022. At the same time, it is the 10th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and many countries. It is an important opportunity for China to consolidate traditional friendship with other countries, deepen cooperation space and promote integrated development. Today, with China stepping onto the world stage with a more open, confident and proactive attitude, it is of far-reaching significance to launch this file "Ambassador’s Kitchen".

Gourmet without borders

On the one hand, the program symbolizes the communication between people and the blending of feelings, vividly conveying the spirit of hospitality and frankness of people from different countries; On the other hand, it is a beneficial exploration for media diplomacy to promote "goodwill communication" by telling the story of China in the language of food without borders and giving full play to the advantages of variety shows in mass communication with strong affinity and wide radiation.

Next, The Ambassador’s Kitchen will also visit the embassies of New Zealand, Thailand, Turkey, Ireland, Iceland and other countries in China. Envoys are the letter, food is the bridge, and hand in hand. I believe that with the broadcast of the program, the colorful collisions of different countries, cultures and customs will continue to show the international friendship between the United States and the United States.

Comics/Bin Chen

　　Recently, a paper published seven years ago in the Chinese core journal Glacier and Frozen Soil has aroused public concern. In the process of discussing eco-economics, the author enumerates the examples of the tutor couple, and then expounds "the noble feeling of the tutor and the beautiful feeling of the teacher’s mother" In this regard, "Glacier Frozen Soil" issued a statement on the 12 th, saying that it attached great importance to the situation and decided to withdraw the article. The staff of the journal revealed that several other papers published by the author in the journal Glacier and Frozen Soil will also be retracted.

　　In recent years, it is not uncommon for some academic journals to publish "water injection" papers and plagiarize papers. However, like these two papers in Glacier Frozen Soil, the topic is "Theory and Practice of Integrated Framework of Ecological Economics", but almost all of them praise the glorious deeds and noble character of the mentor and Jenny, plus various life feelings, which is rare. It is no exaggeration that such a paper is called "God’s Paper" by netizens.

　　"Mentor Shanghainese, the name of Guodong is real, holding an eternal sword, learning to drive the clouds; The teacher’s mother, Cixi, is as beautiful as jade, guarding the lotus sword and dancing in the kitchen. " Such content can be published as a professional paper in Chinese core journals, which undoubtedly seriously desecrates the seriousness of academic journals. After being exposed by the internet, it is undoubtedly necessary for the journal to withdraw the papers. However, for the academic circles, the paper "On the noble feelings of teachers and the graceful feelings of teachers and mothers" should not be viewed only as a joke, nor should it be simply regarded as the author’s "academic misconduct".

　　This kind of spoof or kitsch has precedent before. It is reported that some foreign scholars have concocted several "nonsense" papers with a paper generator, and submitted them to journals such as Computer Intelligence and Nanotechnology with the characters in cartoons as the authors, but the results were accepted and published. Another neuroscientist seriously wrote a paper on the theory of "fibrinogen" in "Star Wars", and four journals actually fell for it. The above-mentioned "God’s Thesis" published in Glacier Frozen Soil has a complete structure, abstracts and references, and there are specially made charts in it, which are similar to the "Doctor’s Thesis on Braised Pork" circulating on the Internet. If the author didn’t mean to "spoof", it is difficult to understand why he spent his energy writing such a thousand-word thesis.

　　However, it is somewhat different from the "doctoral thesis on braised pork" and the "spoof" papers written by foreign scientists. The authors of these two papers in Glacier Frozen Soil did not just write funny papers to amuse themselves on the Internet, nor did they submit them to completely unfamiliar journals. The "tutor" mentioned in the article is the main programmer of the journal. There are only two explanations for the editor-in-chief to publish papers about his lofty sense and his teacher’s mother’s beauty: first, Cheng Moumou is "useful" in praising and touting his articles; Second, it is entirely up to him to decide what articles to publish. Journals are his personal "turf", and no matter what aspects they reflect, they are absurd.

　　The above-mentioned "Shen Thesis" was published in 2013, and it was only exposed by netizens after six or seven years, indicating that few people may read the "academic papers" in our professional journals. In recent years, universities and scientific research institutions at all levels have attached great importance to papers, such as requiring graduate students to publish several papers before graduation, how many papers must be published by teaching and scientific research personnel every year, and introducing high-tech means to check the papers. According to relevant statistics, in 2016, the number of papers published by China scholars has jumped to the top in the world, with 420,000 papers published that year. And among so many papers, how many are "junk papers" or even "divine papers" is unknown.

　　I hope that the paper on "the noble feeling of teachers and the graceful feeling of teachers and mothers" can be an opportunity to attract the attention of relevant parties and rectify the chaos in academic circles. (Li Qing)

　　On May 15th, at the press conference of the State Council Office, the National Bureau of Statistics released the main indicators of economic operation in April. "vertically, the main indicators have remained stable, and even the growth rate has accelerated slightly. Horizontally, whether it is economic growth, employment, prices and market vitality, China’s economic operation is still in a reasonable range. " Liu Aihua, spokesman of the National Bureau of Statistics, said.

　　The employment situation is improving, and the national urban survey unemployment rate has dropped by 0.2 percentage points.

　　Stable employment will make people feel at ease. Among the April data, the most eye-catching is the employment data.

　　1— In April, 4.59 million new jobs were created in cities and towns nationwide, completing 42% of the annual plan. In April, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 5%, down 0.2 percentage points from the previous month; The survey unemployment rate in 31 big cities and towns was 5%, down 0.1 percentage points from last month.

　　"The unemployment rate dropped in April, and one reason was that it entered the peak employment season. Judging from the local employment of migrant workers and the employment of local agricultural registered population we monitored, the unemployment rate dropped sharply, indicating that the overall market demand for employment is relatively good." Liu Aihua said.

　　Excluding employment, indicators such as production, investment and consumption have also remained generally stable.

　　Production demand is generally stable. 1— In April, the national service industry production index increased by 7.4% year-on-year, which was the same as that in the first quarter, with 7.4% in April, the second highest monthly growth rate since September last year; The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 6.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate was also the same as last year, which was 0.5 percentage points higher than that in the fourth quarter of last year.

　　Investment maintained steady growth. 1— In April, the national investment in fixed assets increased by 6.1% year-on-year, 0.2 percentage points lower than that in the first quarter and 0.2 percentage points faster than that in the whole year of last year.

　　The market sales are slow and steady. 1— In April, the total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 8% year-on-year, including 7.2% in April, and the growth rate dropped by 1.5 percentage points compared with March.

　　Some people also questioned why individual data fluctuated in April. Liu Aihua explained that there are two main reasons for the short-term fluctuations between months: First, the factors of holiday movement. For example, the growth rate of consumption, if the factor of holiday movement is deducted, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in April increased by about 8.7% year-on-year, which was the same as that in March. Second, the impact of the reduction of value-added tax. The reduction of value-added tax occurred on April 1, and many enterprises actively adjusted the production rhythm and organized production and stocking, which would have a certain impact on the distribution of production tasks between months.

　　"To judge the economic situation, we should filter out these short-term factors. Judging from the overall economic operation in the first four months, the overall situation of stability and steady progress has not changed. " Liu Aihua said that while the economy is running smoothly, the economic structure continues to be optimized.

　　The industrial structure is moving towards the middle and high end. In April, the high-tech manufacturing industry grew by 11.2%, which was 5.8 percentage points faster than that of industries above designated size and 1.2 percentage points faster than that of the previous month. The high-end manufacturing industry accelerated its growth.

　　The investment structure is more perfect. 1— In April, investment in high-tech manufacturing industry increased by 11.4%, and investment in high-tech service industry increased by 15.5%, both of which were significantly faster than the growth rate of total investment.

　　The trade structure continued to be optimized. 1— In April, the import and export of general trade accounted for 59.8% of the total import and export, an increase of 1.3 points over the same period of last year.

　　In the future, CPI will not rise sharply, and there is a solid foundation for stable prices.

　　Among the economic indicators in April, the price indicator has also received much attention. In April, the consumer price (CPI) rose by 2.5% year-on-year, of which the food price rose by 6.1%, up by 2 percentage points from the previous month. Some media have raised concerns. Why are food prices rising so fast? Will there be inflation?

　　"From the future trend, food is a very important consideration. At present, China’s grain and oil supply is relatively sufficient and the price is relatively stable, which has laid a good foundation for the stability of the overall price. " Liu Aihua explained that in April, the three categories of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits and livestock meat all increased by more than 10% year-on-year, and the impact on the overall CPI was about 0.2— Between 0.4 percentage points. However, there is no need to worry too much about the trend of vegetable prices and meat prices in the future.

　　Fresh vegetables and fruits with strong seasonality are greatly affected by seasonality. The price of fresh vegetables and fresh fruits rose in April, which was obviously affected by seasonal factors of extreme weather. These seasonal short-term shocks were not sustainable, and the price increase of fresh vegetables and fresh fruits would not last at a high level.

　　Similarly, with the gradual recovery of meat prices, farmers’ enthusiasm for replenishing columns will also increase accordingly. It should be said that after a period of time, the production capacity can make up for the shortage and shortage of supply, and the price of meat will be stabilized.

　　With regard to inflation, besides food, there are two other considerations. One is the price of industrial consumer goods, and the other is the price of services. "China’s industrial system is relatively complete, production capacity is relatively surplus in many fields, supply capacity is sufficient, and industrial consumer goods do not have the basis for a sharp rise. The service price has maintained a steady increase since last year, but it is relatively high. After years of vigorous policy guidance, private capital has continuously entered, and the cultivation and development of the service market is relatively fast. Although the growth rate remains relatively high, it is relatively stable. " Liu Aihua said that, on the whole, whether from food or industrial consumer goods and services, CPI will not rise sharply in the future, and there is a solid foundation for stable prices.

　　With good resilience, sufficient potential and strong vitality, China’s economy’s ability to cope with external shocks has been continuously enhanced.

　　"From the performance of China’s economy last year, the ability to resist risks is constantly increasing." Liu Aihua said that according to this year’s data, GDP in the first quarter increased by 6.4%, which is generally considered to be better than expected. "At present, China’s economy has shown a state of good resilience, full potential and strong vitality, and China’s ability to cope with external shocks is constantly increasing. The performance of the data can be said that facts speak louder than words. "

　　Liu Aihua analyzed that China’s characteristics of good economic resilience, sufficient potential and strong vitality will continue. No matter in the short or medium term, the positive factors have not changed.

　　Good toughness. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up, China’s economy has a relatively complete industrial system and a relatively complete infrastructure, with a working-age population of nearly 900 million, of which 170 million are high-quality talents with higher education or vocational education. The combination of material foundation and talent foundation has laid a solid foundation for sustained, stable and healthy economic development.

　　"The supply-side structural reform since the end of 2015 has played a positive role in improving the quality and level of supply. The quality changes, power changes and efficiency changes that have taken place in the supply field will provide lasting impetus for the high-quality economic development in the future. " Liu Aihua said.

　　Full potential. China has a population of nearly 1.4 billion and the most growing middle-income group. The trend of consumption upgrading is more and more obvious, with great consumption potential, and consumption has become the main engine of economic growth. At the end of last year, the Central Economic Work Conference clearly stated that promoting the formation of a strong domestic market will be a key task in 2019. With the increase of residents’ income, the improvement of consumption environment, the improvement of product quality and the accelerated implementation of a series of policies and measures, the consumption potential will be further released. Investment still has great potential in promoting industrial upgrading and filling the shortcomings of development.

　　Strong vitality. In recent years, a series of policies and measures such as decentralization, tax reduction and fee reduction have been continuously implemented, and the business environment in China has been continuously optimized, and the enthusiasm for innovation and entrepreneurship has been continuously improved. In April, the manufacturing purchasing managers’ index has been in the expansion range for the second consecutive month, and the expected index of production and business activities is also in the relatively high boom range of more than 56% for the third consecutive month; The business activity index of non-manufacturing industry has maintained a relatively high prosperity, which has been above 54% for four consecutive months, and the expected business activity index is higher.

　　"At present, China’s inflation level and fiscal deficit ratio are still relatively low, foreign exchange reserves are relatively sufficient, macro-policy operation space is still relatively large, and policy tools are relatively sufficient. On the whole, the macro-policy space is an important guarantee for promoting the stable and healthy development of China’s economy in the future. " Liu Aihua said, "China’s long-term economic fundamentals are more stable, its development space continues to expand, its ability to cope with external challenges continues to improve, and its economy has a solid foundation for maintaining stable and healthy development."

　　People’s Daily (11th edition, May 16, 2019)

　　With the new round of scientific and technological revolution and the accelerated evolution of industrial transformation, the rapid development of digital technologies represented by artificial intelligence, 5G communication, big data and cloud computing, quantum information, etc., has become a key force in reorganizing global factor resources, reshaping the global economic structure and changing the global competition pattern.

　　The so-called digital economy refers to a new economic form with data resources as the key element, modern information network as the main carrier, digital technology integration and digital transformation of all factors as the important driving force, and digital empowerment as the prominent feature. Nowadays, data has been defined as the fifth largest factor of production after land, labor, capital and technology in China, and the level of digital industrialization also determines the recognition, growth and competitiveness of a regional digital economy.

　　In Shaanxi, digital technology is deeply integrated into the whole process of economic and social development, and the digital economy in the province is on the rise. According to preliminary estimates, the total scale of digital economy in Shaanxi in 2022 exceeded 1.2 trillion yuan, up 13.9% year-on-year, ranking fifth in the country; In 2023, the scale of digital economy in Shaanxi is expected to reach 1.4 trillion yuan, accounting for over 40% of GDP. The development of digital economy has not only injected surging momentum into Shaanxi’s high-quality development, but also made positive contributions to strengthening the construction of digital Silk Road in the 21st century.

　　> > digital industrialization and industrial digitalization

　　Deep integration of digital technology and real economy

　　How do numbers empower thousands of industries in Shaanxi? How important is big data to economic and social development? Recently, the reporter from China Business Daily visited the Fast Xi ‘an Gaozhi New Wisdom Factory and the Iflytek Silk Road Headquarters.

　　Xi ‘an Fast Kochi New Factory

　　Production efficiency increased by 72%

　　Can realize 6-hour unmanned black lamp production.

　　On April 11th, in the smart factory of Fast-Tech Gaoxin Company in Xi ‘an, in the 33,000-square-meter machining workshop, an unattended AGV car with a 5G logo was shuttling materials and finished products. At the work station, the flexible mechanical arm sometimes moves and sometimes stands still, which is in tacit cooperation with the CNC machine tool; On the big screen of big data analysis room and joint conference area, all kinds of real-time data are intuitive and clear.

　　Chang Hengchen, the person in charge of the machining workshop, said that this workshop mainly produces gearboxes and clutch boxes for heavy vehicles. In the blank feeding area, the AGV car transports the blank here. After the robot recognizes it, it will code it to confirm its identity. All subsequent processes will identify their identities according to this code, and you will know what needs to be done in which process by scanning the code. Under the condition that the production conditions are available and there is no abnormality at the site, the production line can be unmanned for several hours, which is called "black light factory". There are only a few employees on a line, and the biggest role is to handle abnormalities, tool change, system operation, handling and other work all to robots and intelligent mechanical arms such as AGV. When the finished product comes out, the AGV trolley will send it to the conveyor belt of the logistics center, and then directly enter the warehouse through the straight ladder and corridor for assembly. Finally, all the data are automatically summarized to the Big Data Analysis Department.

　　"The traditional production mode is how many varieties there are. Each variety is made in large quantities in advance, and it takes up a large warehouse and a lot of money. We are producing here in strict accordance with the production scheduling plan. What we want tomorrow will be produced today, at most two days in advance, without pressing inventory and reducing capital occupation. " Chang Hengchen said, "In the original production process, the intermediate process had to be inspected, and it had to be inspected before it was finally put into storage. Now the intermediate links have been cancelled, because we have automated inspection equipment, which can use data in real time, and immediately report to the police if there is an abnormality and solve the problem at any time. "

　　So how does the assembly workshop realize digital empowerment? Engineer Yu Ming introduced: "First of all, we convert the production requirements, design requirements and process requirements into digital languages on the R&D platform and send them to the production execution system. The production link receives data. For example, there is a rocker arm on the transmission that needs to be 30 degrees, and the process document will be written at 30 degrees and sent to the equipment end. According to this, the equipment end will have an industrial guidance. First, the infrared indicator line will be turned to 30 degrees, and then in the latter station, it will be identified whether it is assembled to 30 degrees by taking photos, so that the production will be driven by numbers. "

　　"It not only drives production, but also drives logistics. When the parts list was sent to the downstream system during production, the master controller also received it. The system carries out distribution according to our list, and after that, it will compare these parts information with the actual distribution information to prevent mistakes. Finally, the batch information and production process information of these parts are stored to complete traceability. Our order progress is also fully transparent, and the upstream and downstream supply chains can also be queried in our data. "

　　Zhao Jianlin, general manager of Xi ‘an Fast High-Tech Zhixin Company, introduced that the factory covers three core processes: gear, shell and assembly, in which the automation rate of gear and shell lines is 100% and the automation rate of assembly lines is 71.5%.

　　The factory has realized the digitalization of core business such as process planning, intelligent production, equipment management, intelligent logistics and quality traceability. Based on emerging technologies such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, etc., digital services are integrated to build intelligent scenes, forming six core technologies of "digital twinning, black light production, Internet of Everything, intelligent decision-making, green manufacturing and data closed loop".

　　"Compared with traditional factories, data and services are integrated here, and all business links are opened through information systems. The whole business is closed-loop with data as the carrier. We still manufacture gearboxes, but through digital transformation, we have made gearboxes better, improving quality, increasing efficiency and reducing costs. "

　　"If all of them run at full capacity, our per capita output is more than five times that of traditional factories. We are now compiling more than 140 people. If traditional factories want to achieve the same scale of output, it may take seven or eight hundred people. Smart factory can improve the production efficiency of enterprises by 72%, reduce the energy consumption by 14%, reduce the delivery cycle by 20%, and realize the six-hour unmanned black lamp production. At the same time, a new model of hierarchical control of production quality has been established to realize the whole process quality traceability of the production process. "

　　"At the same time, our energy consumption has also been reduced, which is about 15% lower than that of traditional factories. There are photovoltaic power generation equipment on the factory buildings in the whole park. When the weather is good, it can generate 70,000 to 80,000 kWh a day, which can basically meet the production needs during the day. Based on comprehensive calculation, the proportion of green electricity last year was about 40%. Fast Gaozhi New Wisdom Factory is also the first zero-carbon factory in Shaanxi Province. "

　　"We are based on independent development as much as possible. The planning, design and implementation of the whole factory are all done by the Faster team. These core technologies are completely in our own hands. In the use of equipment, including systems, it should be localized as much as possible. We use Qinchuan machine tool, which is the first time that domestic similar projects use domestic core equipment in large quantities. Of the 28 machine tools in the gear production line of the machining workshop, 22 are made in China, and some robots in the workshop are also made in China. This reflects the synergy of the industrial chain. Fast is the chain owner of the automobile industry chain, and Qinchuan is the chain owner of Shaanxi equipment manufacturing industry. Through chain development, we can not only enhance ourselves, but more importantly, we can drive the entire industrial chain. "

　　Iflytek Silu Head Office

　　Empowering thousands of industries with cognitive model

　　On April 12th, Yin Lan, the presentation manager of Iflytek Shaanxi Branch, introduced the latest development of iFLYTEK Spark Cognitive Model at the Iflytek Silk Road Headquarters of Xi ‘an High-tech Software New City. "This is the core research and development achievement based on the completely localized computing base platform, and we are committed to using such a universal large model to empower thousands of industries." How can such a big model help empower all walks of life? Yin Lan demonstrated three scenarios respectively.

　　The first scene is empowerment education. An English composition test paper appeared on the big screen, and a large model was used for intelligent correction. "This involves two key core competencies: one is OCR recognition, which means whether the machine can read the contents written by students. At present, Iflytek has achieved world-leading results in Chinese and English and formula recognition; One is the ability of machine reading comprehension. To intelligently correct the composition, you must not only be able to read, but also understand and think. Iflytek has surpassed the human average in the world’s most authoritative SQuAD2.0 cognitive energy competition. " Yin Lan introduced while demonstrating, and a dozen mistakes were quickly displayed on the screen, including the incomplete collocation of some sentences.

　　The second scene is to help medical care. Yin Lan introduced that, based on the cognitive ability of iFLYTEK Spark Model, in 2017, the "Intelligent Medical Assistant Robot" passed the comprehensive written test of the national qualification examination for practicing doctors for the first time, and exceeded 96.3% of human candidates. For this reason, iFLYTEK has built a set of auxiliary diagnosis and treatment system, which provides doctors with auxiliary diagnosis and treatment, medication advice and other services on the premise of not changing the work processes and habits of grassroots doctors. She simulated the grassroots doctors on the spot to enter a medical record for the patient. The system automatically checks the medical records, and soon a red pop-up window pops up, indicating the contradiction between the medical history and the time of the chief complaint, reminding you to modify it. After the revision is completed, doctors need to make a diagnosis for patients. At this time, the auxiliary diagnosis and treatment system gives a series of recommended diagnosis lists on the right, ranking them according to confidence. The prompt information also includes the recommended examination of common drugs, professional guide documents and so on. If the doctor is not sure about the final diagnosis opinion at this time, the further consultation suggestions recommended by the system can help the doctor to consult for many times. According to reports, this system has been applied in more than 400 districts and counties across the country.

　　The third scenario is to use "AIUI full-duplex voice interactive system" to simulate voice booking in noisy environment. Yin Lan introduced that in this process, she only woke up once, and many interactions and interruptions in the middle were not affected. Because the system accurately identifies and locates the position of the command sound source, it can be applied in noisy scenes, which is very beneficial to improve the efficiency and effect of interaction.

　　Fang Man, executive general manager of Iflytek Shaanxi Branch, introduced that in May 2018, Iflytek landed in Xi ‘an High-tech Zone, where Iflytek Silk Road Headquarters, Xi ‘an Artificial Intelligence Research Institute and Xi ‘an Industrial Acceleration Center were built. Xi’ an Institute of Artificial Intelligence mainly focuses on active noise reduction, chip and noise reduction solutions of acoustics, as well as multilingual identification and other research fields to help the development of the Belt and Road Initiative; Based on the open communication platform of artificial intelligence, Shuangchuang Base has served tens of thousands of development teams in Shaanxi, continuously conducted incubation and industrial empowerment, and served many industry tracks and application scenarios such as education, medical care and smart cities in Shaanxi.

　　In the field of smart cities, the focus is on urban brains and government services. A number of benchmarks have been set up in Xi ‘an, Tongchuan and Yan ‘an to help industrial development, urban operation and public services through artificial intelligence.

　　In the field of education, actively participate in the digitalization of education and the construction of smart campus in Shaanxi Province, and serve 1.1 million teachers and students in thousands of schools in ten cities in Shaanxi Province.

　　In terms of industrial empowerment and international cooperation, as of February 29th, 2024, Iflytek Intelligent Voice Open Innovation Platform has opened 650 AI products and capabilities to the outside world, gathering 6.115 million development teams, not only local in Shaanxi, but also various developers around the world. The platform has developed nearly 2.254 million applications, and the number of terminals covered by applications is about 4 billion.

　　Scientific and technological innovation supports and leads.

　　Digital empowerment scenarios will be more in the future.

　　In Shaanxi, similar digital empowerment scenes are far more than these, such as-

　　In Xi’ an Future Artificial Intelligence Computing Center, it can calculate 3 billion times a second, which is equivalent to 1.5 million high-performance computers operating at the same time. It can process billions of images, tens of millions of people’s DNA, and autopilot data for about 10 years in 24 hours.

　　In Yulin, a national energy and chemical base, a roadheader with a depth of 500 meters can be "awakened" with one key, and Kekegai Coal Mine has created a Guinness World Record with a monthly footage of 812.6 meters;

　　In Yangling, a new agricultural city, you can view the growth of greenhouse vegetables in real time by tapping the screen of your mobile phone, and you can plan and manage the cooperative land by using positioning software …

　　While digital empowerment accelerates the cultivation of new quality productivity, the scientific and technological innovation that supports the powerful engine leading the development of digital economy-the "three reforms" focusing on the construction of Qin Chuangyuan and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements on the land of Sanqin is releasing enormous energy, which will surely give birth to the lasting bloom of Shaanxi’s digital economy after its accumulation.

　　In 2024, Shaanxi will focus on six aspects.

　　Focus on promoting the development of digital economy

　　Huashang Daily reporter learned from the relevant departments of the provincial government that in order to further strengthen the digital economy, in 2024, our province will pay close attention to the implementation of policy measures and key tasks, and strive to promote six key tasks:

　　The first is to accelerate the expansion of digital infrastructure. Promote the construction of a new digital infrastructure system in accordance with the construction concept of being moderately advanced, efficient and practical, and adapting to local conditions. We will build an intelligent and comprehensive digital information infrastructure with high-speed ubiquity, integration of heaven and earth, integration of cloud and network, intelligence and agility, green and low-carbon, security and controllability, and constantly lay a solid foundation for the development of the digital economy.

　　The second is to pay close attention to independent innovation of digital technology. Focus on serving the country’s high-level science and technology to stand on its own feet, actively cultivate the strategic scientific and technological strength of the digital economy, take the national strategic demand as the guide, integrate application innovation as the traction, and seize the new frontier technology as the goal, and organize the implementation of the digital economy scientific and technological innovation project.

　　The third is to expand the wide-area space of digital and real integration. Give full play to the role of digital technology in empowerment, intelligence and assignment, focus on intelligent manufacturing, smart energy and digital tourism, strengthen the application of digital technology, do a good job in the construction of industry platforms and demonstration projects, and digitally consolidate and develop advantageous industries and transform and upgrade traditional industries.

　　The fourth is to accelerate the development of digital industrial clusters. Consolidate the development of hundreds of billions of core industrial clusters with scale advantages such as integrated circuits, solar photovoltaic, software and information services, and Internet of Things, build domestic leading emerging industrial clusters such as photonics, new displays, artificial intelligence, and satellites at a high level, and proactively lay out future industries such as third-generation semiconductors, humanoid robots, and smart wearable devices.

　　The fifth is to improve the quality and efficiency of digital governance. Promote the scientific and efficient social governance and the convenience and equalization of public services by digitalization. Accelerate innovation and application in six areas: economic regulation, market supervision, public services, social governance, ecological protection and government operation. Take the integrated reform of "one thing at a time" as the traction, and accelerate the reengineering of government core business processes.

　　Sixth, plastic support security system. Give play to the overall coordination role of the digital economy development joint conference system, implement the spiritual task list of the digital economy development conference of the whole province and the policies and measures for the high-quality development of the digital economy, establish a ledger for promoting key issues, clarify the task list, strengthen supervision and assessment, and ensure the strong and orderly progress of the work.

　　A brighter future for Shaanxi’s digital economy will be more stable and far-reaching under the "two-wheel drive" of scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation. Huashang Daily gale journalist Ma Hu zhen wen/map

Source: Huashang. com-Huashang Daily

Since the official release of HarmonyOS in 2019, up to now, HarmonyOS has ushered in the fourth iterative version, and HarmonyOS 4 has become another trump card besides self-developed chips.

I have to say that HarmonyOS is very ambitious. Since its birth, it has set its sights on various smart devices, but for most users, it is obvious that everyone should pay more attention to the intelligent experience. Today, HarmonyOS 4 has been fully adapted to the series, and all kinds of easy-to-use and fun functions are emerging one after another. In this issue, we will take stock of 15 cool functions on Huawei Mate60 Pro, and take a look at the blessings of HarmonyOS 4. What are the advantages?

1、Satellite call

The series brings Beidou satellite communication capability. When users are in an environment without ground network, they can still send short messages and location tracks to the outside world through their mobile phones. This function greatly facilitates adventure lovers and outdoor workers and brings them a life guarantee. It can be said that it may not be used at ordinary times, but it can save a life if it is used, which is very meaningful.

Huawei Mate 60 Pro goes further on this basis and brings the function of satellite call.In the absence of terrestrial network signals, users can also make and receive satellite calls calmly. In other words, Huawei Mate60 Pro is not only a smart phone, but also a satellite terminal device, which can be said to be a new breakthrough and a milestone in the whole mobile phone industry.

2, AI remote control

Gestures from a distance are the traditional strengths of Huawei mobile phones. Unfortunately, many smart phones still have no support until today. Gestures from a distance make many tedious operations easier, especially when your hands are inconvenient to brush the screen, you can use gestures to control the screen from a distance, such as when you brush a short video.Simply wave your hand and you can play the video in a sliding way. In addition, you can also take screenshots from a distance.Open your palm, and when the palm icon appears on the screen, you can take a screenshot with your palm clenched, which is fun and convenient.

3. The physical aperture is adjustable in 10 gears.

In addition to Beidou satellite communication, Huawei Mate50 series has also brought a major upgrade, which is the ten-speed variable aperture. Mobile phones are limited by the internal space inside the machine, so it is difficult to achieve a real variable aperture like a camera. However, Huawei mobile phones have made a breakthrough and brought a physical ten-speed variable aperture. At present, this function has been carried by many new Huawei machines and has become a part of Huawei XMAGE images.

Thanks to the blessing of this function, in the automatic mode, Huawei Mate60 series can be based onDifferent scenes intelligently match the aperture size. And inIn the professional mode, the range of depth of field and the degree of blur can be adjusted at will through the ten-speed adjustable physical aperture, thus achieving greater creative space.

4. Super macro

Macro photography is a function that people often use. With the macro photography function on the mobile phone, users can easily photograph the microscopic world that is usually imperceptible. On Huawei Mate60 Pro,Users only need to open the camera application and select the "Super Macro" mode to start shooting. Different from other mobile phones, when using the super macro of Huawei Mate60 Pro, users can also adjust the focal length, making it easier to compose pictures. In addition, during the shooting process, they can also use the "macro picture in picture" function to check the details of things in order to find the right shooting angle and position.

5. Intelligent payment

Like AI gesture from a distance, smart payment is also a smart perception function, and smart payment can be used for users.Shopping and payment provide a convenient and fast operation experience. For example, when the user goes to the checkout counter, he only needs to put Huawei Mate60 Pro.Stop on the desktop, without calling out the payment code, the salesperson can directly scan the code to complete the payment. It should be noted that the camera does not store any data, nor does it involve cloud transmission, and it relies entirely on the local neural network of the mobile phone, so it has high security.

6. Low battery emergency mode

Huawei Mate60 Pro also supports low battery emergency mode. When the mobile phone is at 1% low battery,The system will automatically activate the emergency mode,You can still stand by for 3 hours, talk for 12 minutes orScan the code four times. To put it simply, when the battery is about to run out, Huawei Mate60 Pro will still conduct electronic payment and emergency calls normally to save your "endurance anxiety".

7. Multi-seat

Huawei Mate60 Pro not only has powerful image configuration, but also benefits from HarmonyOS system, and Huawei Mate60 Pro also brings multiple camera mode. Through multi-device interconnection, Huawei Mate60 Pro can call the cameras of mobile phones, tablets and other devices equipped with HarmonyOS system to shoot, and at the same time, users can also shoot.Switch planes at any time, and shift the angle of view to take a close-up, mid-shot, panoramic and other multi-angle pictures at one time. To put it simply, Huawei Mate60 Pro is a pilot station at this time, which can control other devices to record different perspectives.

8, mask face recognition

Huawei Mate60 ProIt adopts a three-hole curved screen and is equipped with a front 3D camera, which has high accuracy in face recognition, even when wearing a mask.Unlock the screen and pay for the face, so as to meet the face recognition needs of users in various complex environments.

9. Universal Card

At present, users’ demand for information and services is becoming increasingly diversified, real-time and fragmented. Universal cards can help users get and use services more lightweight and efficient. With the blessing of HarmonyOS,Cards of the same size can be stacked together, which is convenient for desktop sorting and storage. In addition, the card can be operated by sliding up and down and long pressing and sliding left. The card holder function can classify cards of different sizes and shortcuts of applications at will, and freely assemble and classify them according to their own preferences, which makes the desktop more orderly and effectively improves the operation efficiency.

10. Transfer station

A super transfer station is very similar to a clipboard on a computer. Users can drag pictures, files, words, audio and video, web pages and chat interfaces to the "transfer station" for storage, and then send the contents of these transfer stations to the location you want to send.

11、Calendar countdown

Still regretting missing Valentine’s Day and children’s birthdays? Or are you upset about missing an important event? If you use a Huawei mobile phone, it is recommended to try this calendar countdown function.

Open the calendar and select the "+"sign in the lower right corner to enter "New Schedule". In addition to adding the schedule normally, there is also an important day on the side. After opening, the system will remind you on time not to miss the important day. If you are busy with your work at ordinary times and are not comfortable with your memory, this function can definitely be used.

12、Gaze detection

Worried that SMS messages will be seen by strangers, then you must try the gaze "detection" on Huawei Mate60 Pro, which can better protect privacy. In order to avoid the leakage of important information, HarmonyOS 4 AI information protection function can only display the message details when the owner checks the mobile phone. Once the system detects that many people or non-owners are watching the mobile phone, it will automatically hide the message details, which can effectively avoid user privacy leakage in both social scenes and office scenes.

13、Chat box coding

Sharing is the most common social scene, and sharing chat records can be said to be the most basic operation. However, before sharing, it is necessary to code the avatar and name.

If you use Huawei Mate60 Pro, it will save a lot of trouble. After the screenshot of the chat record, the system will automatically hide important content. The operation is also very simple. In the screenshot chat interface, private information will be coded at the bottom right. Click it to hide the user name and avatar.

14. Follow-up expression

With the release of Huawei Mate60 Pro, the "follow-up expression" has also brought more interesting AOD gameplay. When the user selects his favorite follow-up expression through setting-off screen display-follow-up expression, the cartoon image eyes can move synchronously according to the human eye movement, which is very interesting.

15. Distributed communication

In the HarmonyOS system, there is a very convenient function, which is"Multi-device communication sharing".Even in the absence of Wi-Fi and hot spots, tablet devices can still surf the Internet, make phone calls and send and receive short messages through the communication network of mobile phones, and compared with hot spots, the power consumption of mobile phones should be saved a lot.

The above is the cool experience sharing from Huawei Mate60 Pro. Which function do you think is the most practical and interesting? Welcome to leave a message in the comment area and tell me ~

　　Core reading

　　Deep and complex changes have taken place in the domestic and international environment, which put forward higher requirements for the "original leading" basic research, and its characteristics such as long cycle, strong exploration, high risk and uncertain progress are more prominent. The traditional "tracking learning" discipline layout, resource allocation and scientific research ecology need to be transformed urgently. In the future, we should pay more attention to people-centered, reform the resource allocation and evaluation incentive mechanism, persistently strengthen basic research, strengthen the foundation of disciplines and talents, carry forward the scientific spirit and culture, create a good soft environment and micro-ecology, and ensure that researchers concentrate on research.

　　In his speech at the symposium of scientists, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "It is necessary to create a good scientific research ecology conducive to basic research, establish and improve a scientific evaluation system and incentive mechanism, encourage researchers to emancipate their minds and make bold innovations, and let scientists concentrate on research." Basic scientific research refers to the activities of studying natural and social laws, logic and phenomena, which is referred to as basic research for short. Since 2018, the State Council has issued several documents such as Opinions on Strengthening Basic Scientific Research in an All-round Way, Notice on Optimizing Scientific Research Management and Improving Scientific Research Performance, and the general offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council have issued documents such as Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Project Evaluation, Talent Evaluation and Institution Evaluation, and Opinions on Further Promoting the Spirit of Scientists and Strengthening the Construction of Style and Study Style, all of which have put forward specific reform measures to optimize the scientific research environment.

　　Under the new situation, profound and complex changes have taken place in the domestic and international environment, which puts forward higher requirements for "original leading" basic research, and its characteristics such as long cycle, strong exploration, high risk and uncertain progress are more prominent. The traditional "tracking learning" discipline layout, resource allocation and scientific research ecology need to be transformed urgently. In the future, we should pay more attention to people-centered, reform the resource allocation and evaluation incentive mechanism, persistently strengthen basic research, strengthen the foundation of disciplines and talents, carry forward the scientific spirit and culture, create a good soft environment and micro-ecology, and ensure that researchers concentrate on research.

　　Discipline and talents are the foundation of basic research and scientific research ecology.

　　Sixty-five years ago, the Outline of the Future Plan for the Development of Science and Technology in 1956-1967 pointed out that "scientific research is not only for the advancement of individual disciplines, but also for the all-round development of science and technology, so that all scientific departments can become an organic whole, thus developing more marginal disciplines or more growing points", emphasizing that "sufficient attention must be paid to the cultivation of new forces. Without the massive growth of new forces, it is impossible to develop science on a large scale quickly. " Fifteen years ago, the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-term Scientific and Technological Development Plan (2006-2020) emphasized that "basic research is an important source of high-tech development, the cradle of cultivating innovative talents, the foundation of building advanced culture, and the internal driving force of future scientific and technological development", which requires that "based on the characteristics of accumulated basic research, strong exploration and unpredictable progress, basic disciplines should be comprehensively laid out and highlighted. Through long-term and profound academic research accumulation, we will promote the improvement of original innovation ability and promote the coordinated development of multiple disciplines. " Under the new situation, to develop high-quality basic research, we should follow the law of "accumulate more and develop less", improve the discipline and talent development system, lay a solid foundation for the construction of a world science center, and achieve a great leap in the overall level and international influence of basic research.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "On the one hand, basic research should follow the law of scientific discovery, be driven by curiosity to explore the mysteries of the world, and encourage free exploration and full exchange and debate; On the other hand, driven by major scientific and technological problems, we should abstract theoretical problems in major applied research, and then explore scientific laws so that basic research and applied research can promote each other. " Basic research has the characteristics of large investment, long cycle and high risk, so it is easy to be weakened in innovation chain. The allocation of basic research resources mainly by means of competition is conducive to "short, flat and fast" projects, which is not conducive to painstaking research. Some "unpopular" disciplines can’t be "immediate" because of their practical value, which leads to unsustainable funding, serious brain drain and even the embarrassing situation that no one cares. To this end, it is necessary to systematically monitor the frontier direction of various disciplines and promote the balanced layout and cross-integration development of various disciplines. Strengthen support for traditional basic disciplines such as mathematics, physics, physics, geography and biology, and key basic disciplines such as materials and information. Optimize the resource input of popular disciplines and improve the quality and efficiency of input and output. Support professional institutions and societies to continue to pay attention to the development of unpopular, blank, marginal and new disciplines, and avoid some indispensable disciplines becoming weak or even extinct. Pratt & Whitney supports young researchers who are in the initial stage of scientific research, and stably supports young and middle-aged scientists who stand out from the crowd to work hard in the frontier of basic science of interest and constantly March into the breadth and depth of science and technology.

　　Culture and spirit are the soul of basic research and scientific research ecology.

　　Advanced productive forces come from the practice of scientific and technological innovation and advanced scientific and cultural atmosphere, and grow up in a social environment where the public understands and supports science. Scientific spirit and scientist spirit are important components of advanced culture and spiritual civilization. The Chinese nation is an innovative nation. Our ancient science and technology were ahead of the world and made great contributions to human civilization. However, after the Ming Dynasty, China drifted away from the development trend of science and technology in the world, and repeatedly missed the historical opportunity of enriching the people and strengthening the country. China lost not in economic scale, but in backward technology. The reasons for this situation are complicated, and the lack of scientific culture is one of the key factors. Since the founding of New China, the CPC Central Committee has attached great importance to the cause of science and technology, established a comprehensive and independent scientific research system, formed a large-scale scientific and technological team, and achieved one after another remarkable scientific and technological achievements. Scientific spirit and culture have become an important part of Chinese civilization. On the journey towards a powerful country in science and technology and a modern country, we should strengthen our cultural confidence and innovation confidence, stick to the road of independent innovation with China characteristics, and strive to make new historical contributions to human civilization.

　　Scientists in China should not only lead the trend of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation with new breakthroughs in scientific and technological innovation, but also lead the new fashions such as national feelings, scientific spirit, innovative spirit, craftsman spirit, responsibility style and dedication spirit with great scientist spirit. Take first-class scientific research institutions and first-class societies as the pilot, establish an evaluation and incentive mechanism that conforms to the characteristics of basic research, and implement a nomination system for the evaluation and reward of basic research talents and achievements, so as to avoid running projects, competing for awards and grabbing hats, and free researchers from tedious evaluation and reward. Improve the treatment of basic researchers, strengthen the support of stable funds, and take the scientific contribution and quality of representative works rather than quantity and influencing factors as the basis for evaluating incentives. Build an innovative and friendly society, improve the scientific quality of the whole people, and form a large number of young people with the potential of scientists. Guide more talented, interested, capable, courageous and responsible young researchers to join the basic research team continuously, emancipate their minds and make bold innovations.

　　Soft environment and microecology are the bottom of basic research and scientific research ecology.

　　To make an original breakthrough in basic research, we need not only "hard" facilities such as scientific research instruments and conditional platforms as support, but also "soft" environment such as system, management and service as guarantee. Good scientific research micro-ecology and team innovation cultural atmosphere are the bottom of basic research scientific research ecology. In March 1978, the National Science Conference was held. Deng Xiaoping sincerely told scientists that "I would like to be everyone’s logistics minister", and under his call and drive, the spring of science ushered in. In recent years, from the central government to ministries and local governments, a series of measures have been intensively introduced to improve the system and mechanism of scientific and technological innovation. At the national level, a "1+N" basic research policy system has been constructed, and the macro-basic research and scientific research ecology has been further improved, and a number of micro-ecological models have emerged. Give full play to the role of scientific community in academic norms, communication, supervision and self-discipline, and form a good micro-ecology. However, the scientific research management of some localities, societies and institutions still simply applies administrative management and even tends to be "over-administrative", and a series of favorable policies and measures in the field of science and technology have not been implemented in place, which has compromised the effect of the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform.

　　Only when the soft environment and micro-ecology of grass-roots scientific research are greatly improved can we truly form a clean academic environment and an innovative and friendly social atmosphere, and significantly improve the overall basic research and scientific research ecology. At the macro level, improve the governance system of scientific and technological innovation, strengthen the overall coordination of departments, avoid policy conflicts, form a joint force of reform, and jointly guide institutions, societies and localities to do a good job in supporting the system to ensure the implementation of policies. At the meso level, it is clear about the functional orientation and value creation orientation of the innovation subject, encourages to try first, and refines related projects, talents, institutions, achievement management methods and evaluation and reward criteria to prevent policy implementation from going through the motions. At the micro level, the relevant policies to give scientific research institutions and researchers greater autonomy will be effective, the internal control system of scientific research integrity will be improved, the evaluation system of seeking truth and being pragmatic, encouraging innovation and tolerating failure will be established, the classified evaluation will be refined, the soft environment and micro-ecology of scientific research will be optimized, a good style of study will be created, and researchers will be guaranteed to devote their time and energy to intensive research and academic discussions, so as to achieve more "0-1" breakthroughs.

　　A generation has a generation of struggle, and an era has an era’s responsibility. Creating a good ecological environment for basic research is a huge systematic project, which cannot be achieved overnight and once and for all. It requires the long-term unremitting efforts of policy makers, science and technology managers, scientific communities, scientific research institutions and researchers, and all sectors of society. On the main level, we should give full play to the leading role of the demonstration of scientists, so that the spirit of scientists, such as "patriotic spirit of caring for the motherland and serving the people, innovative spirit of courageously climbing the peak and being the first, realistic spirit of pursuing truth and rigorous scholarship, dedication of indifferent to fame and fortune and devoted research, collaborative spirit of gathering wisdom to tackle key problems, unity and cooperation, and educational spirit of being willing to be a ladder for others, rewarding others and learning later", can be internalized, externalized, and integrated with knowledge and practice. On the content level, we should adhere to the "Four Orientations", strengthen demand orientation and problem orientation, and condense scientific problems from the practical problems faced by China’s economic and social development, people’s livelihood improvement and national defense construction, so that scientific discovery, technological invention, industrial innovation and social progress can promote each other. On the environmental level, we should give priority to positive incentives, increase the proportion of long-term stable support for basic research, establish a scientific and reasonable salary system, significantly strengthen the construction of academic ethics and the education and training of scientific research norms, compact the legal and social responsibilities of relevant subjects, and continuously optimize the scientific research ecology.

　　BEIJING, April 26th (Xinhua)-The spy war drama Mi Cha, starring Yu Rongguang, Lian Yiming, Chang Cheng, Qi Hang, Qu Yihong, Zhang Bohan, Wang Dao, Li Tianzhu and others, came to a close last night.

　　This spy war drama, with a cost of only 50 million yuan, has been ranked first in the national network and CCTV for 14 consecutive days since its launch, and the online broadcast volume has exceeded 100 million.

　　The spy war drama Micha is adapted from Ma Ying’s novel Micha 1938. Based on real historical events, it tells the story of Xuan Xiafu (Ethan)’ s bizarre disappearance.

　　On the day of the first broadcast, it achieved a good result of 1.0% average audience rating, 4.55% average share, 1.23% highest audience rating of single episode and 6.24% highest share of single episode, ranking first in the country, and remained the first in the following 14 days. In the absence of the blessing of traffic stars, the popularity of the network has gone up, and many viewers expressed great disappointment at the closing ceremony.

　　In this regard, Tom Mu, the chief producer, said that in order to attract young people to sit down and watch the drama, he really put his mind into the design of the drama series and characters.

　　""Micha "is a detective and spy war, which is very dramatic. We put the big historical background behind us and let the fictional characters stand in front of the stage. The historical background involved in the play and the deeds of General Xuan Xiafu are all true. " Tom Mu said that in order to achieve the effect of showing a lot of plot clues and strong suspense immediately at the opening, the team made great efforts in the first three episodes and has been revising them repeatedly, so as to make the audience understand and be attracted, and to lay a solid foundation for the complicated plot development in the future.

　　In addition to having a good story and a fresh and vivid core, the "Mi Cha" team is also very strong. The chief producer Xu Bing is the screenwriter of the spy war classic "Red"; The later director is Qiao Aiyu, the editor of Crazy Alien. Zheng Xiaofeng of Assembly serves as production designer; Zeng Minghui provided styling design for the play; Sha Baoliang sang the theme song "Between You and Me", and Bian Jiang voiced the leading actor Wu Zhongming … …

　　Actors, in addition to young actors such as Arqie, Deng Sha, Chang Cheng, Qi Hang, Qu Yihong and Zhang Bohan, also invited old performers such as Yu Rongguang, Lian Yiming, Li Tianzhu, Gong Beie, Jiang Chao and Zhang Songwen.

　　In addition, "Mi Cha" also enabled 12 artists who signed up for the midsummer starry sky. For the "integration of director, production and performance", Tom Mu, the chief producer, said that on the one hand, the film and television industry has great costs from running-in, familiarity, trust and tacit understanding. The team can create better works efficiently; On the other hand, the company is very familiar with and understands its own actors, and it is more accurate in selection and enjoys the initiative.

Longevity is one of the manifestations of health, but longevity is not necessarily synchronized with health. Health and longevity can not be measured simply by the length of life or whether the body is sick. It is important to observe the living ability and functional maintenance of the elderly.

Health and longevity are not the same thing.

Health means that there is nothing wrong with your body, and longevity means that your body can live for a long time.

These two things are different. Some people are healthy but not long-lived, while others live long but not healthy.

For example, there is an old man who is in good health and often shares his fitness secrets on TV.

But one day, he suddenly found himself with two kinds of cancer, small cell cancer in the lung and poorly differentiated cancer in the esophagus, both of which were highly malignant. As a result, his condition developed rapidly and he died soon.

Therefore, a healthy life is comfortable and of high quality, while people with long life are more vigorous.

Life sometimes lies in exercise, but sometimes it also lies in rest.

Exercise can make people strong, but people who don’t exercise are not necessarily in poor health.

Strong people are not easy to get sick, and people with poor health are easy to get sick, but they can live for a long time if they don’t encounter any serious illness.

Look at those people who are in poor health and always take medicine. They have been alive all the time, living longer than those who are in good health.

There is a saying: rough wooden barrels are more durable than exquisite porcelain jars, and cautious people live longer than adventurous people.

It is often seen in life that some people are very strong, but suddenly they die without any warning. Just as athletes don’t live longer than ordinary people.

Too much exercise harms the body, consumes life, looks healthy, but actually does not live long. Proper exercise is good, but don’t go too far …

Therefore, it is recommended that middle-aged and elderly people take a walk for one hour every day. Too much exercise damages the body, accelerates aging, and a fast metabolism does not necessarily lead to a long life.

The tortoise runs slower than the rabbit, but it lives longer than the rabbit, because its metabolism is slow.

People with slow personality often live longer than those with urgent personality, which may also be related to slow metabolism. The so-called quick come, quick go, that is to say, people with urgent personalities.

A simple, calm and happy life is the foundation of longevity.

If a person is always worried, angry, afraid and unhappy, he will not have a good quality of life. People who are in a bad mood will soon get old, their body’s resistance will drop, they will easily get sick and die early.

Therefore, the elderly should find their own fun, communicate with others more, and don’t take the troubles to heart.

"Only if you are heartless, you will not be tired."

4. Longevity and diet have no fixed rules.

Some centenarians eat light food every day and some are full. There is also a centenarian couple. The old lady loves meat and the old man is a vegetarian all his life.

There is a master of Chinese studies. He eats nothing but salty and oily. He is 103 years old this year, and he still looks very energetic.

It seems that there are a hundred people of all shapes and sizes, which is true at all. It mainly depends on what kind of constitution you are.

For example, someone who drinks milk has diarrhea because his body can’t digest milk, and someone who eats seafood itches because his body is allergic to seafood.

Therefore, people are different from each other. We should eat food that suits us, and don’t blindly pursue vegetarianism or some diet combinations that don’t suit us.

5. The relationship between longevity and sleep is worth exploring.

Some people say that we should get enough sleep, so some old people go to bed after dinner, but some people go to bed late every day and don’t take a nap.

Some people in the world don’t sleep all their lives, and they are not short-lived. Some people are night owls, some are early birds, and we can’t say which is good or not.

So, everyone has everyone’s work and rest habits, as long as they go to sleep according to their own rules, naturally, not too much, not too little, not too tired, and they feel comfortable.

Read the original text

　　The company’s problem is not just about money, but the major shareholders need to go public and realize it.

　　The lawn mower is a strange thing to Fengyunjun, who is wandering around the world. Generally, it is only seen in the homes of Europeans and Americans who live in big house in movies.

　　However, the main producer of lawn mowers in the world is China. Head companies in the lawn mower industry, such as Chuangke Industry (00669.HK) and Quanfeng Holdings (02285.HK) Fengyunjun, have all introduced them and given good comments.

　　Recently, () (301260.SZ) Growth Enterprise Market held a meeting and will soon land in the capital market.

　　The company is called "the first share of new energy garden machinery" by many media-the estimated amount of funds raised by the company is as high as 3.456 billion, which is one of the larger IPOs since last year.

　　Is it really capable, or is it just a hollow reputation?

　　Fengyunjun reveals the secrets that listed companies don’t want you to know.

　　On the eve of IPO, it was "two choices" by downstream channel providers, and the expression in the prospectus was contradictory.

　　Lawn mower, or more broadly outdoor power tool (OPE), is a typical foreign trade manufacturing industry in China: most of the global demand is in North America, and a small part is in Europe.

　　After a long period of development, the terminal channels are basically monopolized by large local companies.

　　Take the North American market as an example. Home Depot (HD.N) is the largest distributor of outdoor power tools in North America. Together with Lowe’s (LOW.N) ranked second and Amazon (AMZN.O) ranked third, the top three distributors together account for 73% of the OPE market in North America in 2021.

　　Although Greebo has a small scale in the North American market, there is no way to face the downstream strength.

　　(North American market share from July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020)

　　In 2021, the revenue from Lloyd’s, the largest customer, decreased by 43%, including Gree Bo’s own brand and OEM brand. The company explained that "due to the deepening cooperation between competitor Quanfeng Holdings and Lloyd’s, the cooperation between the company and Lloyd’s has been adversely adjusted".

　　In fact, it is "two choices."

　　Many people may know that Alibaba (09988.HK)’ s "choose one from the other" is actually a common phenomenon in supermarkets in Europe and America, with the aim of avoiding competition among channels and obtaining monopoly profits.

　　According to the voltage, Greebo’s products are divided into 40V, 60V, 80V and other series. In this "one of two choices", Lloyd’s selected Quanfeng’s 56V EGO brand products, and Gree Bo’s 60V own brand products stopped selling at Lloyd’s.

　　Kobalt, the 40V Shangchao brand product originally manufactured by Gree Bo, was also produced by Quanfeng Holdings, while 80V branded products continued to be produced by Gree Bo due to the lack of corresponding product lines in Quanfeng, but were only sold online instead.

　　I don’t know if it is to cover up the embarrassment of being abandoned by customers, but the company then said that the way of cooperation with Lloyd’s "will not have a significant adverse impact on the development of its own brand, nor will it restrict the sales of its own brand or reduce procurement".

　　Fengyunjun can’t figure out who has a problem with reading comprehension in an instant.

　　Supposedly, the cooperation with Lloyd’s has gone wrong, so just switch to other channels.

　　Sorry, it’s not that simple.

　　Home Depot, the number one distributor, mainly cooperates with Chuangke Industry. Chuangke Industry is the largest manufacturing enterprise in this field, and its Milwaukee and Ryobi are the first professional and DIY tool brands in the world respectively.

　　In the second half of 2020, Greebo began to cooperate with The Home Depot, and its products were mainly its own brand 60V lawn mower. However, in the second half of 2021, the company stopped its direct business with The Home Depot, and chose to work for other American suppliers of The Home Depot (such as Toro and Echo).

　　Did The Home Depot choose between Chuangke Industry and Gree Bo? Or did Chuangke Industrial use its dominant position to suppress Gree Bo? Fengyunjun is not clear.

　　However, there is no doubt that Toro is an American company, and in this process, Gribo was eaten by Toro.

　　In desperation, Greebo’s living space was gradually squeezed into an e-commerce company like Amazon and a comprehensive supermarket like COST.O, which were the company’s first and second largest customers in the first half of last year.

　　Although Amazon is large in scale, on the whole, offline channels still dominate the global OPE market, with offline channels accounting for 91% in 2020.

　　(Prospectus of Quanfeng Holdings)

　　In the cooperation with Amazon, Greebo also doesn’t have much pricing power. The company said that the current cooperation mode with Amazon is mainly B2B, that is, the products are sold after being bought out by Amazon.

　　At present, Lloyd’s has fallen to the third largest customer of the company, and the company expects that the income to Lloyd’s will be further reduced in the future.

　　Toro, the fourth largest customer, is a foundry customer.

　　Then there are some unknown small fish and shrimp. TSC, the fifth largest customer, and Harbor Freight Tools, the sixth largest customer, are both chain stores of American tools, ranking 36th and 82nd among American retailers respectively in 2021.

　　The top five customers contributed 63.2% of the revenue.

　　If you miss the opportunity in the growth track, you will not increase your income.

　　The outdoor power equipment market is closely related to the real estate industry, which has grown steadily for a long time. In recent years, a major opportunity is the transformation to new energy, and the proportion of lithium-ion tools has increased rapidly.

　　However, it seems that Greebo did not seize this opportunity.

　　In 2021, Greebo’s revenue reached 5 billion yuan, and the CAGR of 2018-2021 was 17.2%, far less than the 58.3% of competitor Quanfeng Holdings’ outdoor power equipment. Quanfeng Holdings is the first OPE company to transform into lithium battery, and its scale has surpassed that of Gree Bo.

　　Chuangke Industry, the industry leader, did not distinguish between power tools and outdoor power equipment. Together, they contributed 76.02 billion revenue in 2021, and the CAGR in 2017-2021 was 22.8%.

　　(Chuangke Industry has a wealth of power tools products, source: Chuangke Industry Annual Report 2021)

　　The revenue of () (300879. SZ) with both fuel and lithium-ion mowers in 2021 was 1.61 billion yuan, and CAGR was 21.1% in the last five years.

　　() (002444.sz) Only in 2021 did we vigorously develop power tools such as vacuum cleaners and power nail guns, and achieved revenue of 1.02 billion yuan in that year.

　　The main sales areas of the above-mentioned companies are Europe and America, which can be said to be competitors. However, in the case of having a strong enemy before and a pursuer after, Gree Bo was overtaken by the spring peak of the same magnitude, and his performance can only be said to be average.

　　At present, in the process of transforming outdoor power equipment into lithium battery, none of the upstream manufacturers has real technical barriers. It is most important to seize the time to seize the market and establish a brand.

　　The gross profit margin of Chuangke Industry, which has a huge scale advantage, has steadily increased year by year, while the gross profit margin of other companies has declined in the "involution" in the past two years. Last year, Greebo’s gross profit margin was 27.5%, down 7.6 percentage points year-on-year, lagging behind Quanfeng Holdings’ outdoor power equipment of 29.8% and ahead of Daye and Giant Star Technology.

　　For Gree Bo, the main reason for the decline in profitability is the sharp drop in the gross profit margin of supermarkets, and the premium of small supermarkets is really not good.

　　At present, the company’s e-commerce channel has the highest gross profit margin, and the OEM gross profit margin is low but stable.

　　In 2021, the company’s non-net profit margin was only 4.7%, and the non-net profit margin was 240 million, down 42% year-on-year.

　　The company expects revenue of 4.15-4.25 billion yuan in the first three quarters of last year, up by 11.42%-14.11% year-on-year, and net profit of 200-210 million yuan, down by 11.49%-7.07% year-on-year.

　　The obvious increase in income does not increase profits.

　　Under the trade stick of the United States, China’s manufacturing industry should be self-reliant

　　Although there are so many negatives, Fengyunjun believes that the company itself cannot be simply blamed for the problem.

　　Problems such as "involution" and "alternative" are actually the comprehensive embodiment of demand-side pressure and American trade protectionism.

　　At present, it seems that the global economic slowdown is inevitable; Moreover, in order to deal with the tariff problem, companies need to pay extra costs.

　　Griebo said that in response to the tariff increase in the United States, the company chose to negotiate with customers to share tariffs and set up a manufacturing center in Vietnam.

　　In 2020, the company’s sales to STIHL, the fifth largest customer, declined, also because STIHL transferred some products to American factories for production, reducing the purchasing scale of ODM.

　　Coincidentally, Chuangke Industry, the first in the industry, also chose to build a new production facility for cordless lawn mowers in the United States.

　　(Source: Chuangke Industrial 2021 Financial Briefing)

　　Quanfeng Holdings, the second largest company in the industry, set up Quanfeng Vietnam in 2020 to produce locally to avoid some tariffs.

　　In addition, Chuangke Industrial and Quanfeng Holdings both expand their brands through acquisitions and form a brand matrix to balance the influence of downstream channels.

　　For example, the Milwaukee brand under Chuangke Industrial can be traced back to 1924 and was acquired by Chuangke Industrial in 2005.

　　In addition to its own brand EGO, Quanfeng Holdings also acquired German brand FLEX and American brand SKIL, and there are currently five different brands. FLEX brand was founded in 1922 and acquired by Quanfeng in 2013.

　　(Source: Quanfeng Holdings Prospectus)

　　In 2017, Greebo acquired a 70% stake in Cramer, a European garden machinery company, for 5.6 million euros, but it was sold for 1 million euros in 2020 because the operation and synergy failed to meet expectations.

　　At present, the company insists on selling with its own brand greenworks, and the proportion of its own brand is rising, reaching 65.5% in the first half of last year.

　　In addition, the company’s sales on the official website platform are also increasing year by year, accounting for 4.70% in the first half of last year.

　　Cash flow deteriorates, and major shareholders need to go public to realize it.

　　Founded in 2002, Greebo introduced external investor STIHL in 2016 and changed into a joint-stock company in 2020.

　　STIHL is a German garden machinery manufacturer and a customer of the company.

　　At present, the actual controller of the company is Chen Yin, co-founder and chairman, who holds 75.1% of the shares and STIHL holds 24.9% of the shares through direct and indirect means. It is rare that there are no external institutional investors.

　　Among the four executive directors, except Chen Yin, all are from financial background.

　　In this IPO, the company plans to raise 3.456 billion yuan, and the public offering shares account for 25% of the total issued share capital. If it is successfully raised, the market value will be 13.82 billion yuan, which is already small.

　　The company’s main problem now is cash flow. In 2021, the net cash flow from operating activities and free cash flow were 60.97 million yuan and 400 million yuan respectively, and in the first half of last year, they were 290 million yuan and 450 million yuan respectively.

　　The main reason for the deterioration of cash flow is the substantial increase in inventory and recurring accounts receivable, which reflects that the company’s large stock in 2021 has not been digested.

　　However, Greebo said with a swollen face that 90% of the production is driven by orders, which is very incomprehensible.

　　The company’s solvency has also deteriorated. By the end of the first half of the year, short-term loans were 1.10 billion yuan, long-term loans were 730 million yuan, and monetary funds were only 720 million yuan, which was not enough to cover short-term liabilities.

　　As can be seen from the company’s shareholding structure, Chen Yin does not want to share the IPO dividend with external investors. In the absence of new funds, listing may be the best choice.

　　In 2020, the company paid a dividend of 160 million yuan, accounting for 29% of the net profit returned to the mother in that year.

　　As a foreign trade-oriented manufacturing company, Greebo’s performance is inevitably subject to the downstream channels and the economic environment in North America.

　　In recent years, in the process of lithium electrification of garden machinery, the company’s development is not satisfactory, and its scale has been overtaken by Quanfeng Holdings, and its profitability has also fallen sharply.

　　Perhaps knowing that the company’s problems are not ultimately solved by money, Chen Yin, the boss of the company, chose to go public as soon as possible instead of introducing investors.

　　Faced with the risk of global economic recession this year, the company’s future is still unknown.